ASHRAE ADDENDAASHRAE ADDENDA
American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.org
Ventilationfor AcceptableIndoor Air Quality
ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda a, b, c, d, and g toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
See appendix for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, and theAmerican National Standards Insitute.
This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which theStandards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions,including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the stan-dard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAEWeb site, http://www.ashrae.org, or in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAEStandard may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada).
© Copyright 2006 ASHRAE, Inc.
ISSN 1041-2336
2006 SUPPLEMENT
www.ansi.org
Addendum a and d
ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2005-2006
Richard D. Hermans, ChairDavid E. Knebel, Vice-ChairDonald L. BrandtSteven T. BushbyPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.Robert G. DoerrHakim ElmahdyRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganFrank E. JakobStephen D. Kennedy
Jay A. KohlerJames D. Lutz
Merle F. McBrideMark P. Modera
Cyrus H. NasseriStephen V. Santoro
Steven V. SkalkoDavid R. Tree
Jerry W. White, Jr.James E. Woods
William E. Murphy, BOD ExORonald E. Jarnagin, CO
Claire B. Ramspeck, Assistant Director of Standards and Special Projects
ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1 Cognizant TC: 5.12, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
SPLS Liaison: Richard D. Hermans
Dennis A. Stanke, Chair*Roger L. Hedrick, Vice-Chair*Leon E. Alevantis*Michael G. ApteLynn G. BellengerDavid C. Bixby*Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr.*Mark P. ButtnerWaller S. ClementsLeonard A. DamianoRichard A. Danks*Francis J. Fisher, Jr.*
Francis Michael GalloJohn Girman*Donald C. HerrmannThomas P. Houston*Eli P. Howard, III*Roger L. HowardDon MacMillanChris R. MageeCarl A. Marbery*John K. McFarlandChristopher O. Muller*John E. Osborn*
Walter L. Raynaud*
Lisa J. Rogers
Lawrence J. Schoen*
Sitaraman Chandra Sekhar
Dennis M. Siano
Anthony J. Spata
Jan Sundell*
Wayne R. Thomann
Dilip Y. Vyavaharkar
Michael W. Woodford*
* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication
Addenda b and c
ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1 Cognizant TC: TC 5.12, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
SPLS Liaison: Richard D. Hermans
Dennis A. Stanke, Chair*Leon E. Alevantis*Michael G. ApteLynn G. BellengerDavid C. Bixby*Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr.*Waller S. ClementsJames L. Coggins*Leonard A. DamianoRichard A. Danks*Francis J. Fisher, Jr.*
Francis Michael GalloJohn Girman*Roger L. HedrickDonald C. HerrmannThomas P. Houston*Eli P. Howard, III*Roger L. HowardCarl A. MarberyJohn K. McFarlandChristopher O. Muller*John E. Osborn*
Walter L. Raynaud*
Lisa J. Rogers
Lawrence J. Schoen*
Sitaraman Chandra Sekhar
Anthony J. Spata
Jan Sundell*
Wayne R. Thomann
Dilip Y. Vyavaharkar
Michael W. Woodford**Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication
ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2005-2006
Richard D. Hermans, ChairDavid E. Knebel, Vice-ChairDonald L. BrandtSteven T. BushbyPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.Robert G. DoerrHakim ElmahdyRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganFrank E. Jakob
Stephen D. KennedyJay A. Kohler
James D. LutzMerle F. McBrideMark P. Modera
Cyrus H. NasseriStephen V. Santoro
Steven V. SkalkoDavid R. Tree
Jerry W. White, Jr.James E. Woods
William E. Murphy, BOD ExORonald E. Jarnagin, CO
Claire B. Ramspeck, Assistant Director of Standards and Special Projects
Addendum g
ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2004-2005
Dean S. Borges, ChairRichard D. Hermans, Vice-ChairDonald B. BivensPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherBrian P. DoughertyHakim ElmahdyMatt R. HarganRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganFrank E. JakobStephen D. KennedyDavid E. Knebel
Merle F. McBrideMark P. Modera
Cyrus H. NasseriDavor Novosel
George ReevesJohn Sabelli
Stephen V. SantoroGideon ShavitDavid R. Tree
James E. WoodsMichael F. Beda, BOD ExO
William A. Harrison, CO
Claire B. Ramspeck, Manager of Standards
ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1 Cognizant TC: TC 5.12, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
SPLS Liaison: Fredrick H. Kohloss
David S. Butler, Sr., Chair*Dennis A. Stanke, Vice Chair*Leon E. Alevantis*Michael ApteMichael BeatonHoy R. Bohanon, Jr.*James L. Coggins*Francis J. Fisher, Jr.*
Scott Douglas Hanson*Roger HedrickEli P. Howard*Carl A. Marbery*John McFarlandChristopher O. Muller*John E. Osborn*R. Dean Rasmussen*
Walter L. Raynaud*
Lisa Rogers
Lawrence Schoen
Jan Sundell
Wayne Thomann
Dilip Vyayaharkar
*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication
SPECIAL NOTE
This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reachedby directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarilyunanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.
ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and publicreview.
ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. TheProject Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAEmembers, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interestson all Project Committees.
The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard,d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.
ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of
testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.
In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, eitherstated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.
DISCLAIMER
ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of availableinformation and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety orperformance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standardsor Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.
CONTENTS
ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
SECTION PAGE
Addendum a.............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Addendum b.............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Addendum c............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Addendum d............................................................................................................................................................ 24
Addendum g............................................................................................................................................................ 25
Appendix ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
NOTE
When addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http://www.ashrae.org.
© Copyright 2006 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.org
All rights reserved.
6 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum a to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
This addendum cleans up a number of issues, includingthe following:
• Analytical conditions for required dehumidification per-formance. The modified requirement clarifies that eachsystem must be analyzed to check its dehumidificationperformance at a specific challenging condition. Thiscondition includes design dew-point outdoor latent loadwith zero solar load and design indoor latent load.
• Exceptions to 65% relative humidity limit required in62.1-2004. Some occupancy categories and space typesare required to operate with relative humidity in excessof the general 65% relative humidity limit and/or aredesigned to handle high humidity.
• Extending the exception to the exfiltration requirementso that it applies to the entire building when it comprisesindustrial and other space types. Some occupancy cate-gories and space types must operate with mechanicalexhaust airflow in excess of the mechanical intake air-flow.
Section 5.10, included for context only (no revisions pro-posed):
5.10 Dehumidification Systems. Mechanical air-conditioning systems with dehumidification capability shall be designed to comply with the following:
Revise Section 5.10.1 as follows:
5.10.1 Relative Humidity. Occupied space relative humidity shall be designed to be limited to 65% or less at either of the two following design conditions:1) at the peak outdoor dew point design conditions and at the peak indoor design latent load, or
2) at the lowest space sensible heat ratio expected to occur and the concurrent (simultaneous) outdoor condition.when system performance is analyzed with outdoor air at the dehumidification design condition (that is, design dew point and mean coincident dry-bulb temperature) and with the space interior loads (both sensible and latent) at cooling design values and space solar loads at zero.
Note: The outdoor air dry bulb, solar load, and space sensible heat ratio may be significantly different at outdoor dew-point design conditions than when calculated at outdoor dry-bulb design conditions.
Note: System configuration and/or climatic conditions may adequately limit space relative humidity at these conditions without additional humidity-control devices. The specified conditions challenge the system dehumidification performance with high outdoor latent load and low space sensible heat ratio.
Exception: Spaces where process or occupancy requirements dictate higher humidity conditions, such as kitchens, hot tub rooms that contain heated standing water, refrigerated or frozen storage rooms and ice rinks, and/or spaces designed and constructed to manage moisture, such as shower rooms, pools and spas.
Revise Section 5.10.2 as follows:
5.10.2 Exfiltration. For a building, the design minimumoutdoor air intake shall be greater than the designmaximum exhaust airflow when the mechanical air-conditioning systems are dehumidifying. Exception:Where excess exhaust is required by processconsiderations and approved by the authority havingjurisdiction, such as in certain industrial facilities. Note:Although individual zones within the a building may beneutral or negative with respect to outdoors or to otherzones, net positive mechanical intake airflow for thebuilding as a whole reduces infiltration of untreatedoutdoor air., such as some laboratory and industrialspaces, the requirement is for the building as a whole tolimit excessive infiltration of high dew point outdoor air.
Addendum a to 62.1-2004
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
This addendum cleans up a number of issues, includingthe following:
1. This addendum corrects discrepancies and omissionsbetween Tables 5-2, 6-1, and 6-4.
2. The addendum deletes the following space types fromTable 5-2:
• Spaces ancillary to Class 2 spaces.• Employee locker rooms—“Locker/dressing rooms”
is included in Table 6-4.• Equipment rooms.• General chemical/biological laboratories.• Kitchenettes—Table 6-4 includes “Kitchenettes.”• Private toilet/bath—Table 6-4 includes “Toilet—
private.”
3. The addendum modifies Table 6-1 by providing an air clas-sification for science laboratories. The existing Note E isdeleted from applying to “Science laboratories.” The exist-ing Note E is subsequently deleted from Table 6-1.
4. The addendum modifies Table 6-1 by moving the followingspace types from Table 5-2 and by providing ventilationrates for these spaces:
• Daycare sickroom—The ventilation rate is the samefor “Daycare (through age 4).”
• University/college laboratories—The ventilationrate is the same for “Science laboratories.”
• Break rooms—The ventilation rate is the same for“Office space.”
• Coffee stations—The ventilation rate is the same for“Office space.”
• Laundry rooms, central—The ventilation rate is 5cfm/person and 0.12 cfm/ft2.
• Laundry rooms within dwelling units—The ventila-tion rate is 5 cfm/person and 0.12 cfm/ft2.
• Electrical/telephone closets—These spaces are splitinto “Electrical equipment rooms” with a ventila-tion rate of 0.06 cfm/ft2 and “Telephone closets”with no required ventilation rate. Note B applies to“Electrical equipment rooms.”
• Elevator machine rooms—The ventilation rate isthe same for “Storage rooms,” and Note B appliesto this space.
5. The addendum modifies Table 6-1 by creating a new Note Ethat refers to combustion equipment used on playing
surfaces. This note applies to “Sports arena (play area)” tobe consistent with “Arena” in Table 6-4.
6. The addendum modifies Table 6-4 by designating air clas-sifications for the following spaces:
• Auto repair rooms—The air class is designated asClass 2, and the reference to the existing Note F isdeleted.
• Arena—The air class is designated as Class 1 tocoordinate with “Sports arena” in Table 6-1.
• Science lab classrooms—The category is renamed“Educational science laboratories,” the air class isdesignated as Class 2, and the reference to theexisting Note F is deleted.
7. The addendum deletes the existing Note F from Table 6-4.
8. The addendum modifies Table 6-4 by moving the followingspace types from Table 5-2 and by providing exhaust ratesfor these spaces:
• Janitors closet, trash room—Category “Janitor,trash, recycle” is modified to read “Janitor closet,trash rooms, recycle.” The exhaust rate was notmodified.
• Paint spray booths—No exhaust rate is specified. Anew Note F is referenced. The new Note F indicatesother applicable standards for the exhaust rate.
• Soiled laundry storage—The exhaust rate is thesame as for “Janitor, trash, recycle.” The new NoteF is also referenced.
• Storage rooms, chemical—The exhaust rate is thesame as for “Auto repair rooms.” The new Note F isalso referenced.
• Refrigerating machinery rooms—No exhaust rate isspecified. The new Note F is also referenced.
Subsequent to these changes to Table 6-1 and Table 6-4,Table 5-2 was deleted since the included space types have beenincorporated into the other tables as appropriate.
Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standard areindicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes.
Delete Table 5-2, “Other Space Types,” in its entiretyand renumber Table 5-3, “Airstreams,” as Table 5-2,“Airstreams.”
Revise Section 5.17.1 as follows:
5.17.1 Classification. Air (return, transfer, or exhaust air)leaving each space or location shall be designated at anexpected air-quality classification not less than that shown inTable 6-1, Table 5-2, or Table 5-2,3 or as approved by theauthority having jurisdiction. The classification for air fromspaces or locations that are not listed in Table 6-1, Table 5-2,
Addendum b to 62.1-2004
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 7
or Table 5-23 shall be the same as the classification for airfrom the listed space type that is most similar in terms ofoccupant activities and building construction.
Exception: Classification of air from smoking spaces isnot addressed. (Spaces that are expected to includesmoking do not have a classification listed in Table 6-1.)
Note: Classifications in Table 6-1, Table 5-2, and Table 5-23are based on relative contaminant concentration using thefollowing subjective criteria:
• Class 1: Air with low contaminant concentration, lowsensory-irritation intensity, and inoffensive odor.
• Class 2: Air with moderate contaminant concentration,mild sensory-irritation intensity, or mildly offensiveodors. Class 2 air also includes air that is not necessarilyharmful or objectionable but that is inappropriate for
transfer or recirculation to spaces used for different pur-poses.
• Class 3: Air with significant contaminant concentration,significant sensory-irritation intensity, or offensive odor.
• Class 4: Air with highly objectionable fumes or gases orwith potentially dangerous particles, bioaerosols, orgases, at concentrations high enough to be consideredharmful.
Revise Section 5.17.4 as follows:
5.17.4 Documentation. Design documentation shall indi-cate the justification for classification of air from any locationnot listed in Table 6-1, Table 5-2, or Table 5-23.
Revise Table 6-1 as indicated only for those existingentries that change or for those new entries added:
TABLE 6-1 MINIMUM VENTILATION RATES IN BREATHING ZONE
Occupancy Category
People Outdoor Air Rate RP
Area Outdoor Air Rate RA
Notes
Default Values
Air Class
Occupant Density
(see Note 4)Combined Outdoor Air
Rate (see Note 5)
cfm/person L/s•person cfm/ft2 L/s•m2#/1000 ft2
(#/100 m2) cfm/person L/s•person
Educational Facilities
Daycare sickroom 10 5 0.18 0.9 25 17 8.6 3
Science laboratories 10 5 0.18 0.9 E 25 17 8.6 2
University/college labo-ratories
10 5 0.18 0.9 25 17 8.6 2
General
Break rooms 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 25 10 5.1 1
Coffee stations 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 20 11 5.5 1
Hotels, Motels, Resorts, Dormitories
Laundry rooms, central 5 2.5 0.12 0.6 10 17 8.5 2
Laundry rooms within dwelling units
5 2.5 0.12 0.6 10 17 8.5 1
Miscellaneous spaces
Electrical equipment rooms
- - 0.06 0.3 B - 1
Telephone closets - - 0.00 0.0 - 1
Elevator machine rooms - - 0.12 0.6 B - 1
Sports and Entertainment
Sports arena (play area) - - 0.30 1.5 E - 1
ITEM-SPECIFIC NOTES FOR TABLE 6-1E No class of air has been established for this occupancy category.E When combustion equipment is intended to be used on the playing surface, additional dilution ventilation and/or source control shall be provided
8 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
The rest of Table 6-1 remains unchanged.
Revise Table 6-4 as indicated only for those existing entries that change or for those new entries added:
The rest of Table 6-4 remains unchanged.
TABLE 6-4 Minimum Exhaust Rates
Occupancy CategoryExhaust Rate
cfm/unit
Exhaust Rate cfm/
ft2 Notes
Exhaust Rate L/s-
unit
Exhaust Rate
L/s-m2 Air Class
Auto repair rooms - 1.50 A,F - 7.5 2
Arena - 0.50 B - 2.5 1
Janitor closet, trash room, recycle - 1.00 - 5.0 3
Paint spray booths - - F - - 4
Refrigerating machinery rooms - - F - - 3
Educational science laboratories Science lab class-rooms
- 1.00 F - 5.0 2
Soiled laundry storage - 1.00 F - 5.0 3
Storage rooms, chemical - 1.50 F - 7.5 4
F No class of air has been established for this occupancy category.F See other applicable standards for exhaust rate.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 9
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
This addendum updates material in Appendix B of thecurrent standard, which contains a number of air-qualityguidelines and regulations issued by bodies other thanASHRAE. For many years, this appendix has been the onlycompendium of such information. It has been very helpful tousers of the IAQ Procedure and to those using the standard inIAQ evaluations. To be clear, this ASHRAE standard does notpropose or endorse any specific contaminant concentrationstandards or guideline values but rather lists those valuesestablished by other cognizant authorities.
The updated material in this addendum is limited to: (a)updating those listed concentrations of chemicals alreadylisted in Appendix B that have been republished by the citedcognizant authorities; (b) updating, editing, and expandingthe references; and (c) minor editing of certain portions of thetext to make it more clear to the reader.
Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standard areindicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes.
Revise Appendix B as indicated:(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
APPENDIX BSUMMARY OF SELECTEDAIR QUALITY GUIDELINES
If particular contaminants are of concern or if the IndoorAir Quality Procedure is to be used, acceptable indoor concen-trations and exposures are needed for the particular contami-nants. When using this procedure, these concentration andexposure values need to be documented and justified by refer-ence to a cognizant authority as defined in the standard. Suchguidelines or other limiting values can also be useful for diag-nostic purposes. At present, no single organization developsacceptable concentrations or exposures for all indoor aircontaminants, nor are values available for all contaminants ofpotential concern. A number of organizations offer guidelinevalues for selected indoor air contaminants. These values have
been developed primarily for ambient air, occupationalsettings, and, in some cases, for residential settings. Theyshould be applied with an understanding of their basis andapplicability to the indoor environment of concern. If anacceptable concentration or exposure has not been publishedfor a contaminant of concern, a value may be derived throughreview of the toxicological and epidemiological evidenceusing appropriate consultation. However, the evidence withrespect to health effects is likely to be insufficient for manycontaminants. At present, there is no quantitative definition ofacceptable indoor air quality that can necessarily be met bymeasuring one or more contaminants.
Table B-1 presents selected standards and guidelines usedin Canada, Germany, Europe, and the United States for accept-able concentrations of substances in ambient air, indoor air,and industrial workplace environments. These values areissued by cognizant authorities and have not been developedor endorsed by ASHRAE. The table is presented only as back-ground information when using the Indoor Air Quality Proce-dure. Specialized expertise should be sought before selectinga value for use in estimating outdoor airflow rates using theIndoor Air Quality Procedure or for building design or diag-nostics purposes. Meeting one, some, or all of the listed valuesdoes not ensure that acceptable indoor air quality (as definedin this standard) will be achieved.
Table B-2 lists concentration values of interest forselected contaminants as general guidance for buildingdesign, diagnostics, and ventilation system design using theIndoor Air Quality Procedure. The values in the table arebased on cognizant authorities and studies reported in peer-reviewed scientific publications; ASHRAE does not recom-mend their adoption as regulatory values, standards, or guide-lines. The table is presented as further background when usingthe Indoor Air Quality Procedure. Consultation should besought before selecting a particular value for use in calculatingventilation using the Indoor Air Quality Procedure. Meetingone, some, or all of the listed values does not ensure thatacceptable indoor air quality will be achieved.
Selection of a specific target concentration and exposureis best made by a team with wide experience in toxicology,industrial hygiene, and exposure assessment. As they reviewthe specific concentrations listed in Tables B-1 and B-2, orothers taken from other sources, designers should be mindfulof the following:
• Standards and guidelines are developed for differentpurposes and should be interpreted with reference to thesetting and purpose for which they were developed com-pared to that to which they are being applied.
• Not all standards and guideline values recognize thepresence of susceptible groups or address typical popu-lations found in occupancies listed in this standard.
• Most standards and guidelines do not consider interac-tions between and among various contaminants of con-cern.
• The assumptions and conditions set forth by the stan-dard or guideline may not be met in the space or for theoccupants being considered (such as 8-hour day, 40-hour work week).
Addendum c to 62.1-2004
10 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
When many chemicals are present in the air, as theyalmost always are in indoor air, then some way of addressingpotential interaction of these chemicals is warranted. For addi-tive effects and exceptions, the reader is referred to ACGIH forguidance on the subject.B-1
Guideline Values for Industrial Environments
ACGIH threshold limit values, or TLVs®, have beenapplied to industrial workplace air contaminants.B-1 (Refer-ence B-2 is the German counterpart.) The ACGIH TLVs®
represent maximum acceptable 8-hour, time-weighted aver-age (TWA), 15-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL) andinstantaneous (ceiling) case limits. It is a source of concentra-tion limits for many chemical substances and physical agentsfor industrial use. In light of the constantly changing state ofknowledge, the document is updated annually. It cautions theuser, “The values listed in this book are intended for use in thepractice of industrial hygiene as guidelines or recommenda-tions to assist in the control of potential health hazards and forno other use.”
Caution must be used in directly extending the ACGIHTLVs® or other workplace guidelines to spaces covered by thisstandard and to population groups other than workers. Indus-trial health practice attempts to limit worker exposure to inju-rious substances at levels that do not interfere with theindustrial work process and do not risk the workers' health andsafety. There is not an intention to eliminate all effects, suchas unpleasant smells or mild irritation. Further, the healthcriteria are not uniformly derived for all contaminants. Irrita-tion, narcosis, and nuisance or other forms of stress are notuniformly considered as the basis for the concentration limits.This is because different organizations use different end pointsand different contaminants have more or less informationavailable on diverse end points of interest. The target popula-tion is also different from the occupants found in the spacescovered by this standard. Healthy industrial workers tend tochange jobs or occupations if an exposure is becomes intoler-able. In contrast, workers in commercial environments such asoffices often do not expect to have elevated concentrations ofpotentially harmful substances in their work environments.,nor are Also, monitoring programs are unlikely to be in place,as may be the case with industrial workplaces contaminants.In addition, the general population may have less choice aboutwhere they spend most of their time and includes those whomay be more sensitive, such as children, asthmatics, allergicindividuals, the sick, and the elderly.
Guidelines for Substances in Outdoor Air
Guidelines have been developed for outdoor air for anumber of chemicals and metals, as shown in many of thereferences. These values, including some for metals, may beappropriate for some indoor environments, but they should beapplied only after appropriate consultation. These guidelinesalso supply provide guidance concerning the quality of outsideair if there is suspicion that outdoor air may be contaminatedwith specific substances or if there is a known source ofcontamination nearby.B-3
Regulation of Occupational Exposureto Airborne Contaminants
Regulations of occupational exposure to workplacehazards are based on the results of accumulated experiencewith worker health and toxicological research and carefullyevaluated by groups of experts. Effects are examined in rela-tion to exposure to the injurious substance. Exposure isdefined as the mathematical product of the concentration ofthe contaminant and the time during which a person is subjectexposed to this concentration. Since concentration may varywith time, exposure is typically calculated across the appro-priate averaging time, expressed as a TWA concentration,STEL, or ceiling limit. Regulations of the U.S. OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) are TWAs in mostcases.
Industrial exposures are regulated on the basis of a 40-hour workweek with 8- to 10-hour days. During the remainderof the time, exposure is anticipated to be substantially lowerfor the contaminant(s) of concern. Application of industrialexposure limits would not necessarily be appropriate for otherindoor settings, occupancies, and exposure scenarios.However, for certain contaminants that lacking exposurelimits for a specific nonindustrial target population, substan-tial downward adjustments to occupational limits have some-times been used.
Substances Lacking Guidelines and Standards
For indoor contaminants for which an acceptable concen-tration and exposure value has not been established by a cogni-zant authority, one approach has been to assume that somefraction of TLV® is applicable and would not lead to adversehealth effects or complaints in nonindustrial general popula-tions. This approach should not be followed used without firstassessing its suitability for the contaminant of concern. In anyevent, if appropriate standards or guidelines do not exist,expertise must be sought or research needs to be conducted todetermine contaminant concentrations and exposures that areacceptable.
Subjective Evaluation
Indoor air often contains complex mixtures of contami-nants of concern such as environmental tobacco smoke,B-30,B-31 infectious and allergenic biological aerosols,B-32 andemissions of chemicals from commercial and consumer prod-ucts. Precise quantitative treatment of these contaminants canbe difficult or impossible in most cases. Chemical composi-tion alone may not always be adequate to reliably predict thereaction of building occupants exposed to most commonmixtures of substances found in indoor air. There are manytoxicological endpoints used in assessing the effects fromexposure to air contaminants.
Scientists have discovered a number of ways that airbornechemicals can cause iIrritation of mucosal tissue such as thatfound in the human nose, eyes, and the upper airways is oneof the endpoints often used in assessing short-term exposure toair contaminants. These irritation responses can occur after the“irritant receptor” is exposed to nonreactive compounds, toreactive compounds with a different pattern of dose-response
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 11
relationships, and through allergic and other immunologiceffects for which dose response relationships have not beenwell defined. The theoretical models of these irritation mech-anisms have not yet found their way into standard settingprocesses. One reason for this may be the recognition of sSus-ceptible populations, i.e., individuals with atopy (“allergies”)may report irritation at lower levels of exposures than individ-uals without allergies. A complicating factor is that moreOther susceptible populations, such as the elderly and theyoung, may differ from healthy adults in their response to irri-tating and odorous substances.
Indoor air often contains complex mixtures of contami-nants of concern such as environmental tobacco smoke,B-30,B-31 infectious and allergenic biological aerosols,B-32 andhuman bioeffluent emissions from food preparation. Precisequantitative treatment of these contaminants can be difficult orimpossible in most cases. Chemical composition alone maynot always be adequate to reliably predict the reaction of build-ing occupants to most common mixtures of substances foundin indoor air. To some degree, adequacy of control may restupon subjective evaluation. Panels of observers have beenused to perform subjective evaluation of indoor air quality inbuildings.
To some degree, adequacy of control may rest uponsubjective evaluation. Panels of observers have been used to
perform subjective evaluation of indoor air quality in build-ings. Many contaminants have odors or are irritants that maybe detected by human occupants or visitors to a space. Gener-ally the air can be considered acceptably free of annoyingcontaminants if 80% of a panel consisting of a group ofuntrained subjects exposed to known concentrations ofcontaminants under representative controlled conditions ofuse and occupancy deems the air not to be objectionable. underrepresentative conditions of use and occupancy when a groupof untrained panelists is exposed to known concentrations ofcontaminants under controlled conditions.
When performing a subjective evaluation, an observershould enter the space in the manner of a normal visitor andshould render a judgment of acceptability within 15 seconds.Each observer should make the evaluation independently ofother observers and without influence from a panel leader.Users of subjective evaluation methods are cautioned that theyonly test odor and sensory responses. Some harmful contam-inants will not be detected by such tests. Carbon monoxide andradon are two examples of odorless contaminants that posesignificant health risks. To evaluate the acceptability ofadapted persons (occupants), an observer should spend at leastsix minutes in the space before rendering a judgment ofacceptability.B-29
12 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
TABLE B-1 Comparison of Regulations and Guidelines Pertinent to Indoor Environments
The substances listed in this table are common air contaminants in industrial and non-industrial environments. The values summa-rized in this table are from various sources with diverse procedures and criteria for establishing the values. Some are for industrial envi-ronments (OSHA, MAK, NIOSH, ACGIH), some are for outdoor environments (NAAQS), and others are general (WHO) or indoorresidential environment-related (Canadian) values. The following explanations are intended to assist the reader by providing a briefdescription of the criteria each agency used in adopting its guideline values.
• NAAQS: Outdoor air standards developed by the U.S. EPA under the Clean Air Act. By law, the values listed in these regulationsmust be reviewed every five years. These concentrations are selected to protect not only the general population but also the most sen-sitive individuals.
• OSHA: Enforceable maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by OSHA (U.S. Department of Labor) through aformal rule-making process. Once an exposure limit has been set, levels can be changed only through reopening the rule-making pro-cess. These permissible exposure limits (PELs) are not selected to protect the most sensitive individuals.
• MAK: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by the Deutsche Forschungs Gemeinschaft, a Ger-man institution similar to the U.S. National Institutes of Health and NIOSH. Levels are set on a regular basis, with annual reviewsand periodic republication of criteria levels. These levels are enforceable in Germany and are not selected to protect the most sensi-tive individuals.
• Canadian: Recommended maximum exposures for residences developed in 1987 and reaffirmed in 1995 by a committee of provin-cial members convened by the federal government to establish consensus guideline-type levels. A revised version is being consid-ered. These are not intended to be enforced.
• WHO/Europe: Environmental (nonindustrial) guidelines developed in 1987 and updated in 1999 by the WHO Office for Europe(Denmark). Intended for application both to indoor and outdoor exposure.
• NIOSH: Recommended maximum exposure guidelines for industrial environments are developed by NIOSH (Centers for DiseaseControl) and published in a series of criteria documents. NIOSH criteria documents contain both a review of the literature and a rec-ommended exposure limit (REL) guideline. These are not enforceable, are not reviewed regularly, and are not selected to protect themost sensitive individuals. In some cases, they are set at levels above those deemed protective of health because commonly availableindustrial hygiene practice does not reliably detect the substances at lower levels. (Note that methods used in nonindustrial settingsare often more sensitive than NIOSH methods for industrial hygiene measurements.)
• ACGIH: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by ACGIH’s Threshold Limit Values (TLVs®)Committee. The committee reviews the scientific literature and recommends exposure guidelines. The assumptions are for usualindustrial working conditions, 40-hour weeks, and single exposures. Surveillance practices for both exposures and biologicalresponses are often in place in the work environments where these levels are used. These levels are not selected to protect the mostsensitive individuals. About half of the TLVs® are intended to protect against irritation. Published studies have shown that many ofthe TLVs® intended to protect against irritation actually represent levels where some or all of the study subjects did report irrita-tion.B-33, B-34
The table is not inclusive of all contaminants in indoor air, and achieving the listed indoor concentrations for all of the listed substancesdoes not ensure odor acceptability, avoidance of sensory irritation, or all adverse health effects for all occupants. In addition to indoor contam-inant levels, the acceptability of indoor air also involves thermal conditions, indoor moisture levels as they impact microbial growth, andother indoor environmental factors. ASHRAE is not selecting or recommending default concentrations.
Users of this table should recognize that unlisted noxious contaminants can also cause unacceptable indoor air quality with regard tocomfort (sensory irritation), odors, and health. When such contaminants are known or might reasonably be expected to be present, selectionof an acceptable concentration and exposure may require reference to other guidelines or a review and evaluation of relevant toxicologicaland epidemiological literature.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 13
No
tes
for
Tab
le B
-1
aN
umbe
rs in
bra
cket
s [ ]
refe
r to
eith
er a
cei
ling
or to
ave
ragi
ng ti
mes
of l
ess
than
or g
reat
er th
an e
ight
hou
rs (m
in =
min
utes
; h =
hou
rs; y
= y
ear;
C =
cei
ling,
L =
long
-ter
m).
Whe
re n
o tim
e is
spe
cifi
ed,
the
aver
agin
g tim
e is
eig
ht h
ours
.b
Targ
et le
vel i
s 0.
05 p
pm b
ecau
se o
f its
pot
entia
l car
cino
geni
c ef
fect
s. T
otal
ald
ehy d
es li
mite
d to
1 p
pm. A
lthou
gh th
e ep
idem
iolo
gica
l stu
dies
con
duct
ed to
dat
e pr
ovid
e lit
tle c
onvi
ncin
g ev
iden
ceth
at f
orm
alde
hyde
is c
arci
noge
nic
in h
uman
pop
ulat
ions
, bec
ause
of
this
pot
entia
l, in
door
leve
ls s
h oul
d be
red
uced
as
muc
h as
pos
sibl
e.c
As
one
exam
ple
rega
rdin
g th
e us
e of
val
ues
in th
is ta
ble,
rea
ders
sho
uld
cons
ider
the
appl
icab
ility
of
carb
on m
onox
ide
conc
entr
atio
ns. T
he c
once
ntra
tions
con
sid e
red
acce
ptab
le f
or n
onin
dust
rial
,as
opp
osed
to in
dust
rial
, exp
osur
e ar
e su
bsta
ntia
lly lo
wer
. The
se lo
wer
con
cent
rati o
ns (
in o
ther
wor
ds, t
he a
mbi
ent a
ir q
ualit
y st
anda
rds,
whi
ch a
re r
equi
red
to c
onsi
der
popu
latio
ns a
t hig
hest
ris
k)
TA
BL
E B
-1 C
ompa
riso
n of
Reg
ulat
ions
and
Gui
delin
es P
ertin
ent t
o In
door
Env
iron
men
tsa
(The
use
r of
any
val
ue in
this
tabl
e sh
ould
take
into
acc
ount
the
purp
ose
for
whi
ch it
was
ado
pted
and
the
mea
ns b
y w
hich
it w
as d
evel
oped
.)
En
forc
ea
ble
an
d/o
r R
eg
ula
tory
Le
ve
lsN
on
-E
nf
or
ce
d G
uid
eli
ne
s a
nd
Re
fe
re
nc
e L
ev
els
NA
AQ
S/E
PA(R
ef. B
-4)
OSH
A(R
ef. B
-5)
MA
K(R
ef. B
-2)
Can
adia
n(R
ef. B
-8)
WH
O/E
urop
e(R
ef. B
-11)
NIO
SH(R
ef. B
-13)
AC
GIH
(Ref
. B-1
)
Car
bon
diox
ide
5,00
0 pp
m5,
000
ppm
10,0
00 p
pm [
1 h]
3,50
0 pp
m [
L]
5,00
0 pp
m30
,000
ppm
[15
min
]5,
000
ppm
30,0
00 p
pm [
15 m
in]
Car
bon
mon
oxid
e c
9 pp
m g
35 p
pm [
1 h]
g50
ppm
30 p
pm60
ppm
[30
min
]11
ppm
[8
h]25
ppm
[1
h]90
ppm
[15
min
]50
ppm
[30
min
]25
ppm
[1
h]10
ppm
[8
h]
35 p
pm20
0 pp
m [
C]
25 p
pm
Form
alde
hyde
h0.
75 p
pm2
ppm
[15
min
]0.
3 pp
m1
ppm
i0.
1 pp
m [
L]
0.05
ppm
[L
] b
0.1
mg/
m3 (0
.081
ppm
) [3
0 m
in]p
0.01
6 pp
m0.
1 pp
m [
15 m
in]
0.3
ppm
[C
]
Lea
d1.
5 µg
/m3 [
3 m
onth
s]0.
05 m
g/m
3 0.
1 m
g/m
3 1
mg/
m3 [
30 m
in]
Min
imiz
e ex
posu
re0.
5 µg
/m3 [
1 yr
]0.
1050
mg/
m3 [
10 h
]0.
05 m
g/m
3
Nitr
ogen
dio
xide
0.05
ppm
[1
yr]
5 pp
m [
C]
5 pp
m10
ppm
[5
min
]0.
05 p
pm0.
25 p
pm [
1 h]
0.1
ppm
[1 h
]0.
0204
ppm
[1
yr]
1 pp
m [
15 m
in]
3 pp
m5
ppm
[15
min
]
Ozo
ne0.
12 p
pm [
1 h]
g
0.08
ppm
0.1
ppm
j0.
12 p
pm [
1 h]
0.06
4 pp
m(1
20 µ
g/m
3 ) [8
h]
0.1
ppm
[C
]0.
05 p
pmk
0.08
ppm
l
0.1
ppm
m
0.2
ppm
n
Part
icle
se <
2.5
µm
MM
AD
d15
µg/
m3 [1
yr]
o
65 µ
g/m
3 [24
h]o
5 m
g/m
31.
5 m
g/m
3 for
<4
µm0.
1 m
g/m
3 [1
h]0.
040
mg/
m3 [
L]
3 m
g/m
3 [C
]
Part
icle
se <10
µm
M
MA
Dd
50 µ
g/m
3 [1 y
r]o
150
µg/m
3 [24
h]o
4 m
g/m
310
mg/
m3 [
C]
Rad
onSe
e Ta
ble
B-2
f80
0 B
q/m
3 [1
yr]
2.7
pCi/L
[1y
r]
Sulf
ur d
ioxi
de0.
03 p
pm [
1 yr
]
0.14
ppm
[24
h] g
5 pp
m
0.5
ppm
1 pp
m i
0.38
ppm
[5
min
]0.
019
ppm
0.04
8 pp
m [
24 h
]0.
019 2
ppm
[1
yr]
2 pp
m5
ppm
[15
min
]2
ppm
5 pp
m [
15 m
in]
Tota
l Par
ticle
se15
mg/
m3
14 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
are set to protect the most sensitive subpopulation, individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.d MMAD = mass median aerodynamic diameter in microns (micrometers). Less than 3.0 µm is considered respirable; less than 10 µm is
considered inhalable.e Nuisance particles not otherwise classified (PNOC), not known to contain significant amounts of asbestos, lead, crystalline silica, known
carcinogens, or other particles known to cause significant adverse health effects.f See Table B-2 for the U.S. EPA guideline.g Not to be exceeded more than once per year.h The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development adopted regulations concerning formaldehyde emissions from plywood and parti-
cleboard intended to limit the airborne concentration of formaldehyde in manufactured homes to 0.4 ppm. (24 CFR Part 3280, HUD Manu-factured Home Construction and Safety Standards)
i Never to be exceeded.j Carcinogen, no maximum values established.k TLV® for heavy work.l TLV® for moderate work.m TLV® for light work.n TLV® for any work = less than or equal to two hours.o 62FR38652 - 38760, July 16, 1997.p Epidemiological studies suggest a causal relationship between exposure to formaldehyde and nasopharyngeal cancer, although the conclu-
sion is tempered by the small numbers of observed and expected cases. There are also epidemiological observations of an associationbetween relatively high occupational exposures to formaldehyde and sinonasal cancer.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 15
TABLE B-2
Concentrations of Interest for Selected Contaminants
The substances listed in this table are common air contaminants of concern in nonindustrial environments. The target concentrationsthat have been set or proposed by various national or international organizations concerned with health and comfort effects of outdoor andindoor air are listed for reference only. The table is not inclusive of all contaminants in indoor air, and achieving the target indoor concen-trations for all of the listed substances does not ensure freedom from sensory irritation or from all adverse health effects for all occupants.In addition to indoor contaminant levels, the acceptability of indoor air also involves thermal conditions, indoor moisture levels as theyimpact microbial growth, and other indoor environmental factors. ASHRAE is not selecting or recommending default concentrations.
Health or comfort effects and exposure periods that are the basis for the guideline levels are listed in the “comments” column. For design, the goal should be to meet the guideline levels continuously during occupancy because people spend the great majority of their time indoors.
Users of this table should recognize that unlisted noxious contaminants can also cause unacceptable indoor air quality with regard tocomfort (sensory irritation), odors, and health. When such contaminants are known or might reasonably be expected to be present, selec-tion of an acceptable concentration and exposure may require reference to other guidelines or a review and evaluation of relevant toxico-logical and epidemiological literature. (Table B-2 summarizes some of this literature.)
16 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
TA
BL
E B
-2 C
once
ntra
tion
of In
tere
st fo
r S
elec
ted
Con
tam
inan
ts
(Not
e: R
efer
ence
s nu
mbe
rs th
at a
re f
ollo
wed
by
[c]
and
[m]
list t
he c
once
ntra
tions
of
inte
rest
[c]
and
mea
sure
men
t met
hods
[m
].)
(Not
e: T
he u
ser
of a
ny v
alue
in th
is ta
ble
shou
ld ta
ke in
to a
ccou
nt th
e pu
rpos
e fo
r w
hich
it w
as a
dopt
ed a
nd th
e m
eans
by
whi
ch it
was
dev
elop
ed.)
Con
tam
inan
tSo
urce
sC
once
ntra
tion
sof
Int
eres
tC
omm
ents
Ref
eren
ces
CA
RB
ON
MO
NO
XID
E
(CO
)L
eaki
ng v
ente
d co
mbu
stio
n ap
plia
nces
Unv
ente
d co
mbu
stio
n ap
pli-
ance
sPa
rkin
g ga
rage
sO
utdo
or a
ir
9 pp
m (
8-h)
Bas
ed o
n ef
fect
s on
per
sons
with
cor
onar
y ar
tery
dis
ease
, ave
rage
exp
osur
e fo
r 8
hour
s.Su
stai
ned
indo
or c
once
ntra
tions
exc
eedi
ng o
utdo
or c
once
ntra
tions
may
mer
it fu
rthe
r in
vest
igat
ion.
Man
y ca
rbon
mon
oxid
e m
easu
ring
inst
rum
ents
hav
e lim
-ite
d ac
cura
cy a
t low
leve
ls.
Sour
ces—
burn
ing
of g
asol
ine,
nat
ural
gas
, coa
l, oi
l, et
c.
Hea
lth E
ffec
ts—
redu
ces
abili
ty o
f bl
ood
to b
ring
oxy
gen
to b
ody
cells
and
tis-
sues
; cel
ls a
nd ti
ssue
s ne
ed o
xyge
n to
wor
k. C
arbo
n m
onox
ide
may
be
part
icu-
larl
y ha
zard
ous
to p
eopl
e w
ho h
ave
hear
t or
circ
ulat
ory
prob
lem
s an
d pe
ople
w
ho h
ave
dam
aged
lung
s or
bre
athi
ng p
assa
ges.
B-4
[c]
B-9
[m
]
FOR
MA
LD
EH
YD
E
(HC
HO
)Pr
esse
d-w
ood
prod
ucts
Furn
iture
and
fu
rnis
hing
s
0.1
mg/
m3 (
0.08
1 pp
m)
(30
min
)
0.05
ppm
27
ppb
(8 h
)
76 p
pb (
1-h)
27 p
pb (
8-h)
Bas
ed o
n ir
rita
tion
of s
ensi
tive
peop
le, 3
0-m
inut
e ex
posu
re (
WH
O).
Est
ablis
hed
as a
nev
er-t
o-ex
ceed
gui
delin
e to
avo
id ir
rita
nt ir
rita
tion
in a
llerg
ic
and
asth
mat
ic s
ensi
tive
indi
vidu
als
(res
iden
tial)
and
as
a va
lue
that
is r
easo
nabl
e to
ach
ieve
in li
ght o
f. D
oes
not p
rote
ct a
gain
st f
orm
alde
hyde
’s p
oten
tial c
arci
no-
geni
city
(C
alif
orni
a A
ir R
esou
rces
Boa
rd).
Bas
ed o
n th
e cu
rren
t acu
te 1
-hou
r R
efer
e nce
Exp
osur
e L
evel
(R
EL
) of
76
ppb
(94
µg/m
3 ), a
n ex
posu
re le
vel o
f 27
ppb
(33
µg/
m3 )
is d
eriv
ed f
or a
n 8-
hour
ex
posu
re p
erio
d (C
al-E
PA, O
EH
HA
).
Hea
lth E
ffec
ts—
Acu
te a
nd c
hron
ic in
hala
tion
expo
sure
to f
orm
alde
hyde
in
hum
ans
can
resu
lt in
eye
, nos
e, a
nd th
roat
irri
tatio
n, r
espi
rato
ry s
ympt
oms,
exa
c-er
batio
n of
ast
hma,
and
sen
sitiz
atio
n. L
imite
d hH
uman
stu
dies
hav
e re
port
ed a
n as
soci
atio
n be
twee
n fo
rmal
dehy
de e
xpos
u re
and
lung
and
nas
opha
ryng
eal c
an-
cer.
In 2
004,
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Age
ncy
for
Res
earc
h on
Can
cer
(IA
RC
) co
n-cl
uded
that
“fo
rmal
dehy
de is
car
cino
geni
c to
hum
ans
(Gro
up 1
), o
n th
e ba
sis
of
suffi
cien
t evi
denc
e in
hum
ans
and
suffi
cien
t evi
denc
e in
exp
erim
enta
l ani
mal
s.”
Ani
mal
inha
latio
n st
udie
s ha
ve r
epor
ted
an in
crea
sed
inci
denc
e of
nas
al s
qua-
mou
s ce
ll ca
ncer
. EPA
has
cla
ssif
ied
form
alde
hyde
as
a G
roup
B1,
pro
babl
e hu
man
car
cino
gen
of m
ediu
m c
arci
noge
nic
haza
rd. T
he v
alue
rep
orte
d he
re h
as
been
pro
pose
d in
the
haza
rd r
anki
ng o
f ha
zard
ous
air
pollu
tant
s in
EPA
's p
ro-
pose
d ru
lem
akin
g (S
ectio
n 11
2(g)
of
the
Cle
an A
ir A
ct, A
pril
1994
).
B-1
1 [c
]B
-9, 2
6 [m
]
B-1
6
B-3
6, 4
1
B-1
9, 2
0, 3
6, 4
2
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 17
LE
AD
(Pb
)Pa
int d
ust
Out
door
air
1.
5 µ
g/m
3B
ased
on
adve
rse
effe
cts
on n
euro
psyc
holo
gica
l fun
ctio
ning
of c
hild
ren,
ave
rage
ex
posu
re f
or 3
mon
ths
(WH
O: 0
.5-1
µg/
m3 f
or 1
yea
r).
Sour
ces—
lead
ed g
asol
ine
(bei
ng p
hase
d ou
t), p
aint
(ho
uses
, car
s), s
mel
ters
(m
etal
ref
iner
ies)
, man
ufac
ture
of
lead
sto
rage
bat
teri
es.
Hea
lth E
ffec
ts—
brai
n an
d ot
her
nerv
ous
syst
em d
amag
e; c
hild
ren
are
at s
peci
al
risk
. Som
e le
ad-c
onta
inin
g ch
emic
als
caus
e ca
ncer
in a
nim
als.
Lea
d ca
uses
di
gest
ive
and
othe
r he
alth
pro
blem
s.
Env
iron
men
tal E
ffec
ts—
Lea
d ca
n ha
rm w
ildlif
e.
B-4
[c]
B-4
[m
] B
-18
NIT
RO
GE
N D
IOX
IDE
(N
O2)
Lea
king
ven
ted
com
bust
ion
appl
ianc
esU
nven
ted
com
bust
ion
appl
i-an
ces
Out
door
air
100 µ
g/m
3
470 µ
g/m
3
Bas
ed o
n pr
ovid
ing
prot
ectio
n ag
ains
t adv
erse
res
pira
tory
eff
ects
, ave
rage
exp
o-su
re f
or 1
yea
r.So
urce
s—bu
rnin
g of
gas
olin
e, n
atur
al g
as, c
oal,
oil,
etc.
Car
s ar
e an
impo
rtan
t so
urce
of
NO
2 ou
tdoo
rs a
nd c
ooki
ng a
nd w
ater
- an
d sp
ace-
heat
ing
devi
ces
are
impo
rtan
t sou
rces
indo
ors.
H
ealth
Eff
ects
—lu
ng d
amag
e, il
lnes
ses
of b
reat
hing
pas
sage
s an
d lu
ngs
(res
pira
-to
ry s
yste
m).
E
nvir
onm
enta
l Eff
ects
—N
itrog
en d
ioxi
d e is
a c
ompo
nent
of
acid
rai
n (a
cid
aero
sols
), w
hich
can
dam
age
tree
s an
d la
kes.
Aci
d ae
roso
ls c
an re
duce
vis
ibili
ty.
Prop
erty
Dam
age—
Aci
d ae
roso
ls c
an e
at a
way
sto
ne u
sed
on b
uild
ings
, sta
tues
, m
onum
ents
, etc
.
24-h
our
aver
age
to p
reve
nt h
igh
expo
sure
s du
ring
use
of
com
bust
ion
appl
ianc
es
such
as
spac
e-he
atin
g de
vice
s an
d ga
s st
oves
.
B-4
[c]
B-9
[m
]
B-1
8
B-4
3
OD
OR
SO
ccup
ants
VO
C s
ourc
es (i
nclu
ding
fung
al
sour
ces
such
as
mol
d)O
utdo
or a
ir C
ooki
ng, f
ood
pro-
cess
ing,
sew
age,
bio
was
te
faci
litie
s, e
tc.
Pred
icte
d (o
r m
easu
red)
ac
cept
abili
ty to
80%
or m
ore
of o
ccup
ants
or
visi
tors
CO
2 co
ncen
trat
ion
can
be u
sed
as a
sur
roga
te f
or o
ccup
ant o
dors
(od
orou
s bi
oef-
flue
nts)
. See
App
endi
x C
for
a d
iscu
ssio
n of
indo
or C
O2
leve
ls a
nd v
entil
atio
n ra
tes.
For
sou
rces
oth
er th
an p
eopl
e, s
ourc
e co
ntro
l is
reco
mm
ende
d.
B-1
2, 2
4, 2
9, 3
0 [c
] B
-9 (
CO
2), B
-15
(odo
r)
[m]
TA
BL
E B
-2 C
once
ntra
tion
of In
tere
st fo
r S
elec
ted
Con
tam
inan
ts (
Con
tinue
d)(N
ote:
Ref
eren
ces
num
bers
that
are
fol
low
ed b
y [c
] an
d [m
] lis
t the
con
cent
ratio
ns o
f in
tere
st [
c] a
nd m
easu
rem
ent m
etho
ds [
m].
)(N
ote:
The
use
r of
any
val
ue in
this
tabl
e sh
ould
take
into
acc
ount
the
purp
ose
for
whi
ch it
was
ado
pted
and
the
mea
ns b
y w
hich
it w
as d
evel
oped
.)
18 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
OZ
ON
E (
O3)
Ele
ctro
stat
ic a
pplia
nces
Off
ice
mac
hine
sO
zone
g
ener
ator
sO
utdo
or a
ir
100 µ
g/m
3
(50
ppb)
Bas
ed o
n 25
% in
crea
se in
sym
ptom
exa
cerb
atio
ns a
mon
g ad
ults
or
asth
mat
ics
(nor
mal
act
ivity
), 8
-h e
xpos
ure
(WH
O);
con
tinuo
us e
xpos
ure
(FD
A).
Ozo
ne p
rese
nt a
t lev
els
belo
w th
e co
ncen
trat
ion
of in
tere
st m
ay c
ontr
ibut
e to
the
degr
adat
ion
of in
door
air
qua
lity
dire
ctly
and
by
reac
ting
with
oth
er c
onta
mi-
nant
s in
the
indo
or s
pace
.G
roun
d-le
vel o
zone
is th
e pr
inci
pal c
ompo
nent
of
smog
.So
urce
s—ou
tdoo
rs, f
rom
che
mic
al r
eact
ion
of p
ollu
tant
s, V
OC
s, a
nd N
Ox;
in
door
s, f
rom
pho
toco
pier
s, la
ser
prin
ters
, ozo
ne g
ener
ator
s, e
lect
rost
atic
pre
cip-
itato
rs, a
nd s
ome
othe
r ai
r cl
eane
rs.
Hea
lth E
ffec
ts—
brea
thin
g pr
oble
ms,
red
uced
lung
fun
ctio
n, a
sthm
a, ir
rita
ted
eyes
, stu
ffy
nose
, red
uced
resi
stan
ce to
col
ds a
nd o
ther
infe
ctio
ns. M
ay s
peed
up
agin
g of
lung
tiss
ue.
Env
iron
men
tal E
ffec
ts—
Out
door
s, o
zone
can
dam
age
plan
ts a
nd tr
ees;
sm
og c
an
caus
e re
duce
d vi
sibi
lity.
Pr
oper
ty D
amag
e—In
door
s an
d ou
tdoo
rs, o
zone
dam
ages
nat
ural
and
syn
thet
ic
rubb
ers,
pla
stic
s, f
abri
cs, e
tc.
B-6
, 11
[c]
B-6
[m
]
B-1
8
PAR
TIC
LE
S (P
M2.
5)C
ombu
stio
n pr
oduc
ts, c
ooki
ng,
cand
les,
ince
nse,
res
uspe
n-si
on, a
nd o
utdo
or a
ir
15 µ
g/m
3B
-4
PAR
TIC
LE
S (P
M10
)D
ust
Smok
eD
eter
iora
ting
mat
eria
lsO
utdo
or a
ir
50 µ
g/m
3B
ased
on
prot
ectin
g ag
ains
t res
pira
tory
mor
bidi
ty in
the
gene
ral p
opul
atio
n an
d av
oidi
ng e
xace
rbat
ion
of a
sthm
a, a
vera
ge e
xpos
ure
for
1 ye
ar, n
o ca
rcin
ogen
s.
Indo
or c
once
ntra
tions
are
nor
mal
ly lo
we r
; gui
delin
e le
vel m
ay le
ad to
una
ccep
t-ab
le d
epos
ition
of
“dus
t.”So
urce
s—bu
rnin
g of
woo
d, d
iese
l, an
d ot
her
fuel
s; in
dust
rial
pla
nts;
agr
icul
ture
(p
low
ing,
bur
ning
off
fiel
ds);
unp
aved
roa
ds.
Hea
lth E
ffec
ts—
nose
and
thro
at ir
rita
tion,
lung
dam
age,
bro
nchi
tis, e
arly
dea
th.
Env
iron
men
tal E
ffec
ts—
Part
icul
ates
are
the
mai
n so
urce
of
haze
that
red
uces
vi
sibi
lity.
Pr
oper
ty D
amag
e—A
shes
, soo
t, sm
oke,
and
dus
t can
dir
ty a
nd d
isco
lor
stru
c-tu
res
and
othe
r pr
oper
ty, i
nclu
ding
clo
thes
and
fur
nitu
re.
B-4
[c]
B-4
[m
]
B-1
8
RA
DO
N (
Rn)
Soil
gas
4 pC
i/lite
raB
ased
on
lung
can
cer,
aver
age
expo
sure
for
1 y
ear.
B-7
[c,
m]
B-1
0 [m
]
TA
BL
E B
-2 C
once
ntra
tion
of In
tere
st fo
r S
elec
ted
Con
tam
inan
ts (
Con
tinue
d)(N
ote:
Ref
eren
ces
num
bers
that
are
fol
low
ed b
y [c
] an
d [m
] lis
t the
con
cent
ratio
ns o
f in
tere
st [
c] a
nd m
easu
rem
ent m
etho
ds [
m].
)(N
ote:
The
use
r of
any
val
ue in
this
tabl
e sh
ould
take
into
acc
ount
the
purp
ose
for
whi
ch it
was
ado
pted
and
the
mea
ns b
y w
hich
it w
as d
evel
oped
.)
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 19
SUL
FUR
DIO
XID
E
(SO
2)U
nven
ted
spac
e he
ater
s (k
ero-
sene
)O
utdo
or a
ir
80 µ
g/m
3B
ased
on
prot
ectin
g ag
ains
t res
pira
tory
mor
bidi
ty in
the
gene
ral p
opul
atio
n an
d av
oidi
ng e
xace
rbat
ion
of a
sthm
a, a
vera
ge e
xpos
ure
for
1 ye
ar
(WH
O: 5
0 µ
g/m
3 if
with
PM
).So
urce
—bu
rnin
g of
coa
l and
oil,
esp
ecia
lly h
igh-
sulf
ur c
oal f
rom
the
east
ern
Uni
ted
Stat
es; i
ndus
tria
l pro
cess
es (
pape
r, m
etal
s).
Hea
lth E
ffec
ts—
brea
thin
g pr
oble
ms;
may
cau
se p
erm
anen
t dam
age
to lu
ngs.
E
nvir
onm
enta
l Eff
ects
—SO
2 is
a c
ompo
nent
of
acid
rai
n (a
cid
aero
sols
), w
hich
ca
n da
mag
e tr
ees
and
lake
s. A
cid
aero
sols
can
als
o re
duce
vis
ibili
ty.
Prop
erty
Dam
age—
Aci
d ae
roso
ls c
an e
at a
way
sto
ne u
sed
in b
uild
ings
, sta
tues
, m
onum
ents
, etc
.
B-4
[c]
B-4
[m
]
B-1
8
TO
TAL
VO
LA
TIL
E
OR
GA
NIC
CO
M-
POU
ND
S(T
VO
Cs)
New
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ials
and
fu
rnis
hing
sC
onsu
mab
le p
rodu
cts
Mai
nten
ance
mat
eria
lsO
utdo
or a
ir
Prec
ise
guid
ance
on
TV
OC
co
ncen
trat
ions
can
not b
e gi
ven.
A v
arie
ty o
f de
fini
tions
of
TV
OC
hav
e be
en e
mpl
oyed
in th
e pa
st. R
efer
ence
B-
27 c
onta
ins
a sp
ecif
ic d
efin
ition
that
ref
lect
s re
cent
thin
king
on
the
subj
ect.
The
re is
insu
ffic
ient
evi
denc
e th
at T
VO
C m
easu
rem
ents
can
be
used
to p
redi
ct
heal
th o
r co
mfo
rt e
ffec
ts. I
n ad
ditio
n, o
dor
and
irri
tatio
n re
spon
ses
to o
rgan
ic
com
poun
ds a
re h
ighl
y va
riab
le. F
urth
erm
ore,
no
sing
le m
etho
d cu
rren
tly in
use
m
easu
res
all o
rgan
ic c
ompo
unds
that
may
be
of in
tere
st. T
here
fore
, som
e in
ves-
tigat
ors
have
repo
rted
the
tota
l of a
ll m
easu
red
VO
Cs
as th
e Su
mV
OC
in o
rder
to
mak
e ex
plic
it th
at th
e re
port
ed v
alue
do e
s no
t rep
rese
nt th
e to
tal o
f al
l VO
Cs
pres
ent.
Som
e of
the
refe
renc
es in
clud
ed h
ere
use
this
met
hod
for
pres
entin
g V
OC
mea
sure
men
t res
ults
. Se
tting
targ
et c
once
ntra
tions
for T
VO
Cs
is n
ot re
com
men
ded.
Set
ting
tar g
et c
on-
cent
ratio
ns f
or s
peci
fic
VO
Cs
of c
once
rn is
pre
ferr
ed.
B-9
[m
]B
-14,
26-
28, 3
5, 3
8
Vol
atile
Org
anic
Com
-po
unds
(V
OC
s)N
ew b
uild
ing
mat
eria
ls a
nd
furn
ishi
ngs
Con
sum
able
pro
duct
sM
aint
enan
ce m
ater
ials
Out
door
air
Mus
t be
dete
rmin
ed f
or e
ach
indi
vidu
al c
ompo
und
Indi
vidu
al v
olat
ile o
rgan
ic c
ompo
unds
may
be
cont
amin
ants
of
conc
ern
in th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
the
Indo
or A
ir Q
ualit
y Pr
oced
ure.
Con
cent
ratio
ns o
f co
ncer
n ra
nge
from
less
than
1 p
art p
er b
illio
n (p
pb)
for
som
e ve
ry to
xic
com
poun
ds o
r fo
r co
mpo
unds
hav
ing
very
low
odo
r th
resh
olds
up
to c
once
ntra
tions
sev
eral
or
ders
of
mag
nitu
de h
ighe
r. N
ot a
ll co
mp o
unds
can
be
iden
tifie
d, a
nd to
xico
log-
ical
dat
a ar
e in
com
plet
e fo
r m
any
com
poun
ds.
B-2
2-26
, 28,
44,
45,
46
[c]
B-9
, 10,
21
[m]
B-1
5, 3
7, 3
9, 4
0, 1
1
TA
BL
E B
-2 C
once
ntra
tion
of In
tere
st fo
r S
elec
ted
Con
tam
inan
ts (
Con
tinue
d)(N
ote:
Ref
eren
ces
num
bers
that
are
fol
low
ed b
y [c
] an
d [m
] lis
t the
con
cent
ratio
ns o
f in
tere
st [
c] a
nd m
easu
rem
ent m
etho
ds [
m].
)(N
ote:
The
use
r of
any
val
ue in
this
tabl
e sh
ould
take
into
acc
ount
the
purp
ose
for
whi
ch it
was
ado
pted
and
the
mea
ns b
y w
hich
it w
as d
evel
oped
.)
20 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
No
tes
for
Tab
le B
-2a
The
U.S
. EPA
has
pro
mul
gate
d a
guid
elin
e va
lue
of 4
pC
i/L in
door
con
cent
ratio
n. T
his
is n
ot a
reg
ulat
ory
valu
e bu
t an
actio
n le
vel w
here
miti
gatio
n is
rec
omm
ende
d if
the
valu
e is
exc
eede
d in
long
-ter
m te
sts.
CO
NV
ER
SIO
N F
AC
TOR
SB
-17
Par
ts p
er m
illio
n a
nd
mas
s p
er u
nit
vo
lum
e
Mea
sure
men
ts o
f ind
oor a
irbo
rne
conc
entr
atio
ns o
f sub
stan
ces
are
gene
rally
con
vert
ed to
sta
ndar
d co
nditi
ons
of 7
7°F
(25°
C) a
nd 2
9.92
in. H
g (1
01.3
25 k
Pa) p
ress
ure.
Vap
ors
or g
ases
are
oft
en e
xpre
ssed
in p
arts
per
mill
ion
(ppm
) by
vol
ume
or in
mas
s pe
r un
it vo
lum
e.C
once
ntra
tions
in p
pm b
y vo
lum
e ca
n be
con
vert
ed to
mas
s pe
r un
it vo
lum
e va
lues
as
follo
ws:
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/2
4,45
0 =
mg/
L
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/0
.024
45 =
µg/
m3
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/2
4.45
= m
g/m
3
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght ×
28.
3/24
,450
= m
g/ft
3
TA
BL
E B
-2 C
once
ntra
tion
of In
tere
st fo
r S
elec
ted
Con
tam
inan
ts (
Con
tinue
d)(N
ote:
Ref
eren
ces
num
bers
that
are
fol
low
ed b
y [c
] an
d [m
] lis
t the
con
cent
ratio
ns o
f in
tere
st [
c] a
nd m
easu
rem
ent m
etho
ds [
m].
)(N
ote:
The
use
r of
any
val
ue in
this
tabl
e sh
ould
take
into
acc
ount
the
purp
ose
for
whi
ch it
was
ado
pted
and
the
mea
ns b
y w
hich
it w
as d
evel
oped
.)
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 21
REFERENCES
B-1. ACGIH. 20051. Threshold Limit Values for ChemicalSubstances and Physical Agents and Biological Expo-sure Indices. American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive,6500 Glenway, Building D-7, Cincinnati, OH 45240-16340. http://www.acgih.org.
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B-14. Shields, H.C., D.M. Fleischer, and C.J. Weschler.1996. “Comparisons Among VOCs Measured at ThreeTypes of U.S. Commercial Buildings with DifferentOccupant Densities,” Indoor Air, Volume 6, No. 1.2-17.
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http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/formald.htm.http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/guidelines.htmB-17. American Society of Testing and Materials. 20040.
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and FactorsRelating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres, D-1914-95(2004)e1. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards,20040; Section Eleven, Water and Environmental Tech-nology, Volume 11.03. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, WestConshohocken, PA, 19428, http://www.astm.org.
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http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/peg_caa/pegcaa11.htmlB-19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Health
and Environmental Effects Profile for Formaldehyde.EPA/600/x-85/362. Environmental Criteria and Assess-ment Office, Office of Health and EnvironmentalAssessment, Office of Research and Development, Cin-cinnati, OH.
B-20. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Formalde-hyde; Hazard Summary. Technology Transfer Network– United Air Toxics Website, Office Of Air QualityPlanning and Standards.
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parison of Methods for Measuring Total VolatileOrganic Compounds in Indoor Air.” In Indoor Air, Vol.5, No. 4.
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February 2005 (or most recent edition). Available at:http://www.oehha.org/air/chronic_rels/allChrels.html.
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ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 23
24 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary forconformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and maycontain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informativematerial are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
This addendum updates Table 4-1 so that it matches the current NAAQS pollutant listing (which was most recently amendedJuly 1, 2004) rather than the previous NAAQS pollutant listing (which was amended July 1, 1987). The entries in the table are notsubject to alteration by ASHRAE, since the table is merely a reprint of a government publication. However, the “normative” ref-erence to the government document, in Section 9, is subject to review by ASHRAE.
Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standard are indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifically mention some other means of indicating the changes.
Replace the existing Table 4-1 with the new Table 4-1 shown below:
Revise Section 9 References as follows: 1National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 Part 50 (40 CFR 50)
as amended July 1, 19872004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html, accessedJune 25, 2005).
Addendum d to 62.1-2004
TABLE 4-1 National Primary Ambient-Air Quality Standards for Outdoor Air as Set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Contaminant
Long Term Short Term
Concentration Averaging Concentration Averaging
µg/m3 ppm µg/m3 ppm
Sulfur dioxide
Particles (PM 10)
Particles (PM 2.5)
Carbon monoxide
Oxidants (ozone)
80
50
15
0.03
—
—
1 year b
1 year b,g
1 year b,e
365
150
65
40,000
10,000
0.14
—
—
35
9
0.080.12
24 hours a
24 hours a
24 hours f
1 hour a
8 hours a
8 hours c
1 hour h
Nitrogen dioxide
Lead
100
1.5
0.053
—
1 year b
3 months d
a Not to be exceeded more than once per year. b Annual arithmetic mean. c The 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08
ppm. d Three-month period is a calendar quarter. e 3-year average of the annual arithmetic mean f The 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations g The annual arithmetic mean h (1) The standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm is ≤1, as determined by appendix
H. (2) The 1-hour NAAQS will no longer apply to an area one year after the effective date of the designation of that area for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The effective designationdate for most areas is June 15, 2004. (40 CFR 50.9; see Federal Register of April 30, 2004 (69 FR 23996).)
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum g to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 25
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a stan-dard and may contain material that has not been subjectto public review or a consensus process. Unresolvedobjectors on informative material are not offered theright to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
This addendum establishes requirements for separatingETS areas from ETS-free areas so that the ETS-free areas aresufficiently free of ETS that they can meet the other require-ments of the standard. As defined in this addendum, ETSspaces are those where smoking occurs or those that are notseparated from smoking areas according to the requirementsof this addendum. This separation is achieved through a com-bination of pressurization and airtightness as well as throughlimitations on air transfer and recirculation. In addition, theaddendum contains a signage requirement for ETS areas.
Add the following definitions in Section 3:
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): the “aged” and dilutedcombination of both side-stream smoke (smoke from the litend of a cigarette or other tobacco product) and exhaled main-stream smoke (smoke that is exhaled by a smoker). ETS iscommonly referred to as secondhand smoke.
ETS-free area: an area where no smoking occurs and that isseparated from ETS areas according to the requirements ofthis standard. Note: A no-smoking area is not necessarily anETS-free area.
ETS area: spaces where smoking is permitted, as well asthose not separated from spaces where smoking is permittedin accord with the requirements of Section 5 in this standard.
Add the following new section to Section 5:
5.18 Requirements for Buildings Containing ETS Areasand ETS-Free Areas
The requirements of this section must be met when abuilding contains both ETS areas and ETS-free areas. Suchbuildings shall be constructed and operated in accordance withSections 5.13.1 through 5.13.8. This section does not purportto achieve acceptable indoor air quality in ETS areas.
5.18.1 Classification. All spaces shall be classified aseither ETS-free areas or ETS areas.
5.18.2 Pressurization. ETS-free areas shall be at a posi-tive pressure with respect to any adjacent or connected ETSareas. Note: Examples of methods for demonstrating relativepressure include engineering analysis, pressure differentialmeasurement, and airflow measurement.
Exceptions:
1. Dwelling units, including hotel and motel guestrooms, andadjacent properties under different ownership with separa-tion walls that are structurally independent and that containno openings. This exception shall apply only when:
(a) the separation walls are constructed as smoke barri-ers in accordance with the requirements of applica-ble standards,
(b) the separation walls include an air barrier consist-ing of a continuous membrane or surface treatmentin the separation wall that has documented resis-tance to air leakage; continuity of the barrier shallbe maintained at openings for pipes, ducts, andother conduits and at points where the barrier meetsthe outside walls and other barriers; and
(c) interior corridors common to ETS and ETS-freeareas are mechanically supplied with outdoor air atthe rate of 0.1 cfm per square foot (0.5 L/s⋅m2).
2. Adjacent spaces otherwise required to be held at negativepressure and posted with signs due to the presence ofhazardous or flammable materials or vapors.
5.18.3 Separation. Solid walls, floors, ceilings and doorsequipped with automatic closing mechanisms shall separateETS areas from ETS-free areas. Exception: Openings with-out doors are permitted in the separation where engineeredsystems are designed to provide air flow from ETS-free areasinto ETS areas, notwithstanding eddies that may occur in theimmediate vicinity of the boundary between the ETS andETS-free areas and reverse flow that may occurs due to short-term conditions such as wind gusts. Note: Examples of meth-ods for demonstrating air motion are engineering analysis andthe use of a directional airflow indicator at representativelocations in the opening, such as on one-foot centers or atlocations required for duct traverses in standard testing andbalancing procedures, such as those described in ASHRAEStandard 111.21
5.18.4 Transfer Air. When air is transferred from ETS-free areas to ETS areas, the transfer airflow rate shall be main-tained regardless of whether operable doors or windowsbetween ETS-free and ETS areas are opened or closed.Acceptable means of doing so include fixed openings indoors, walls, or floors, transfer grilles, transfer ducts, orunducted air plenums with air pressure differentials in com-pliance with Section 5.18.2.5.18.5 Recirculation. Air-handling and natural ventila-
tion systems shall not recirculate or transfer air from an ETSarea to an ETS-free area.5.18.6 Exhaust Systems. Exhaust or relief air from an
ETS area shall be discharged such that none of the air is recir-culated back into any ETS-free area.5.18.7 Signage. A sign shall be posted outside each
entrance to each ETS area. The sign shall state, as a mini-mum, “This Area May Contain Environmental TobaccoSmoke” in letters at least 25 mm (1 in.) high or otherwise incompliance with accessibility guidelines. Note: Based on thedefinition of ETS area, such a sign may be posted outside alarger ETS area that includes the area where smoking is per-mitted.
Exception: Instead of the specified sign, equivalent notifica-tion means acceptable to the authority having juris-diction may be used.
5.18.8 Reclassification. An area that was previously anETS area, but now meets the requirements of an ETS-freearea, may be classified as such after intentional or allowedsmoke exposure has stopped and odor and irritation fromresidual ETS contaminants are not apparent.
Addendum g to 62.1-2004
26 ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary forconformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and maycontain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informativematerial are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
APPENDIX18-MONTH SUPPLEMENTADDENDA TO ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1-2004
This 18-month supplement includes Addenda a, b, c, d, and g to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004. The following tablelists each addendum and describes the way in which the standard is affected by the change. It also lists the ASHRAE and ANSIapproval dates for each addendum.
Addendum Section(s) Affected Description of Changes*
*These descriptions may not be complete and are provided for information only.
Approval Dates:• Standards Committee
• ASHRAE BOD• ANSI
a Section 5.10, Dehumidification Systems
Clarifies dehumidification analysis require-ments. Also, offers exceptions to the 65% RH limit and to the net positive intake airflow requirement.
January 21, 2006January 26, 2006
April 10, 2006
b
Table 5-2, Other Spaces; Table 6-1, Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone;Table 6-4, Minimum Exhaust Rates;Sections 5.17.1, Classification, and5.17.4, Documentation
Corrects inconsistencies in Tables 5-2, 6-1 and 6-4, and provides additional information for several occupancy categories.
January 21, 2006January 26, 2006
April 10, 2006
cAppendix B, Summary of Selected AirQuality Guidelines
Updates information in Appendix B.January 21, 2006January 26, 2006
April 10, 2006
dTable 4-1, National Primary Ambient-Air Quality Standards for Outdoor Air as Set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Updates information in Table 4-1 to be con-sistent with current U.S. EPA NAAQS, add-ing PM 2.5 as a criteria pollutant.
January 21, 2006January 26, 2006
April 10, 2006
gNew Section 5.18, Requirements forBuildings Containing ETS Areas andETS-Free Areas
Briefly, requires space classification based on expected presence of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), separation of ETS and ETS-free areas, and cautionary signage for ETS-areas.
June 25, 2005June 30, 2005
January 20, 2006
POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERNFOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES
ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’smembers will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems andcomponents in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with acceptedstandards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor andoutdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and otherresponsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those newand revised standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material issystematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will seekout and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards andguidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system’sintended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scopeoperates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energytransportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made byits members.
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