VVerb patternserb patterns

ObjectiveObjective: learn about : learn about gerunds and infinitivesgerunds and infinitives

Gerunds Gerunds and and

InfinitivesInfinitives

What is What is a a gerund? gerund?

How is a gerund formed? How is a gerund formed?

verb + verb + ingingSmokingSmoking is not good for our health. is not good for our health.

He enjoys He enjoys playing playing the violin.the violin.They are interested in They are interested in reading reading tabloids.tabloids.

subjectsubject

objectobject

after a after a prepositionpreposition

go + gerund

We often use this to describe activities such as shopping, fishing, skiing, swimming, and

camping.

Where did you use to go campingcamping when you were a kid?

HHow to form negative ow to form negative gerunds?gerunds?

use use not + gerundnot + gerund

Not speakingNot speaking English well is my biggest problem. English well is my biggest problem.

Verbs that usually take Verbs that usually take GerundsGerunds

• adoreadore• avoidavoid• can‘t standcan‘t stand• considerconsider• enjoyenjoy• finishfinish• hatehate

• preferprefer• riskrisk• suggestsuggest• likelike• lovelove• (not) mind(not) mind• give upgive up

+ ing + ing + ing + ing

We risked entering the contest.

How do you form an How do you form an infinitive?infinitive?

• I agreed I agreed toto havehave dinner with dinner with someone from my English class.someone from my English class.

• And he also wanted And he also wanted toto borrowborrow money from me for the check.money from me for the check.

to + base form of the verb

How do you make an infinitive negative?

not

not to have

not to borrow

Verbs that take Verbs that take infinitivesinfinitivesVerb + Verb + toto infinitivesinfinitives – – afford, agree, choose, decide,

expect, help, learn, manage, need, offer, promise, refuse, want, would like, would prefer, etc.

e.g. They agreedagreed to meet to meet at 6 p.m.Verb + Verb + objectobject + + toto infinitiveinfinitive – – advise, allow, beg,

expect, invite, need, order, tell, want, would like, would prefer, etc.

e.g. Jane advisedadvised her brother to follow her advice.VerbsVerbs + object + to infinitive + object + to infinitive – – help, let, make

e.g. Tom helpedhelped me do the project.My daddy letlet his son go to the disco.My brother mademade me do the dishes.

Some verbs can be followed by either Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund, but the an infinitive or a gerund, but the meaning is different.meaning is different.

She triedtried cooking this new dish.

(experimented)

Firefighters triedtried to jack up the car and take off a wheel.

(did their best)

Remember Forget Stop Try

She stoppedstopped smokingsmoking. ( finish / give up)

On his way home he stopped stopped to smoketo smoke.. (interrupt an activity to do smth)

Some verbs can be followed by either Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund, but the an infinitive or a gerund, but the meaning is different.meaning is different.

Remember Forget Stop Try

They forgotforgot buying bread.(a memory)

They forgotforgot to buy bread.(smth you need to do)

Some verbs can be followed by either Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund, but the an infinitive or a gerund, but the meaning is different.meaning is different.Remember Forget Stop Try

She rememberedremembered reading the poem.(a memory)

She rememberedremembered to read the poem.(smth you need to do )

Complete the Complete the sentences with the sentences with the correct form of the correct form of the

verbs.verbs.• I enjoy _______ Chinese food. (eat )• They suggested _____ a picnic by the river.

(have)• He promised _____his homework. (do) • She learned _____the piano last year. (play ) • We practised _____ the ball into the goal.

(hit)• She wants ____ psychology when she’s

older. (study)• We decided ______ a movie on television.

(see)

eating

having

to do

to play

hitting

to study

to see

• Everyone loves ________ to parties. (go)• I  want _______ a doctor. (become)• It began _______ . (rain) • I continued  ______ in the library. (work)• We  enjoy ______ to Italy for our holidays.(go)• I really dislike _________ in traffic. (wait)• I decided _________ to Egypt for vacation.(go)

• My friend told me ________ her at 8:00, but she wasn’t there. (meet)

• She couldn‘t help ______ . (laugh)

• I don‘t mind _______ the kitchen. (clean)

• He made his brother ______ the bin.(empty)

going

to become

raining

working

going

waiting

to go

to meet

laughing

cleaning

empty

Read this holiday advertisement. Use the verbs in brackets, in theRead this holiday advertisement. Use the verbs in brackets, in the correct form, to complete the information.correct form, to complete the information.

Have you decided where (1) ______ (go) on holiday this year?

We promise (2) _______ (help) you decide.Do you enjoy (3) ______ (cycle) in the countryside and (4) ______ (walk) in the mountains?

If you fancy (5) _______ (escape) from the crowds and (6) ________ (do) something different, and you don’t mind (7) ________ (share) your holidays with others, we offer (8) ________ (show) you the most fantastic places.

If you can’t afford (9) _________ (spend) a lot of money, don’t worry! We promise (10) ______ (beat) any price offered by our competitors.

We always aim (11) _______ (give) our clients the best possible holiday experience.Contact us on 01632 960893 for more information about our fantastic range of holidays. And you just need (12) _________ (mention) this advertisement to get an extra discount!

Have you decided where (1) to go (go) on holiday this year?We promise (2) to help (help) you decide.Do you enjoy (3) cycling (cycle) in the countryside and (4) walking (walk) in the mountains?

If you fancy (5) escaping (escape) from the crowds and (6) doing (do) something different, and you don’t mind (7) sharing (share) your holidays with others, we offer (8) to show (show) you the most fantastic places.

If you can’t afford (9) to spend (spend) a lot of money, don’t worry!

We promise (10) to beat (beat) any price offered by our competitors.

We always aim (11) to give (give) our clients the best possible holiday experience.Contact us on 01632 960893 for more information about our fantastic range of holidays. And you just need (12) to mention ( mention) this advertisement to get an extra discount!