Infinitives And Gerunds

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Infinitives And Gerunds. Infinitives. What is infinitive ?. An infinitive = to + the simple form of a verb .( to see ). USES OF THE INFINITIVE. A. The infinitive may be used alone . We began to walk . The infinitive may be used as part of an infinitive phrase . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Infinitives And Gerunds

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An infinitive= to + the simple form of a verb.(to see)

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USES OF THE INFINITIVE

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A

The infinitive may be used alone.

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We began to walk.

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The infinitive may be used as part of an infinitive phrase.

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We began to walk down the road.

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B

The infinitive may be the subject of a sentence.

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1The infinitive or an infinitive phrase can be the subject of the verbs:appear,be,seem,requireThe infinitive can be placed first:

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1To lean out of the window is dangerous.

To save money now seems impossible.

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2But it is more usual to place the pronoun it first,and move the infinitive or infinitive phrase to the end of the sentence:

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2It is dangerous to lean out of the window.

It seemed impossible to save money.

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2It here is known as the introductory it.Note its use with interrogatives:

Will it be safe to camp here?The it construction is necessary here.Will +to camp is not posible.

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To play the piano well requires a good sense of music.

To go on a trip is very relaxing.

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In modern usage, it is more common to begin the sentence with “it”.

e.g. It requires a good sense of music to play the piano well. It is very relaxing to go on a trip. It is very important for students to

study hard.

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3Usually infinitive construction of this type consist of

it + be + adjective + infinitive.

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3But sometimes a noun can be used instead

of an adjective:

It is a crime/a mistake to cut down any more trees.

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CThe infinitive may be the complement of a verb:

His plan is to keep the affair secret.

My aim is to teach you English.

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DThe infinitive may be the object or part of the object of a verb.

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D

It can follow the verb directly:He wants to pay.

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I hope to see her soon. Tom decided to sell his car. She hopes to win the lottery.He decided to join the English Club at

school.

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DIt can follow verb + object:He wants me to pay.

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. Peter asked me to take his sister home. Mother advised Tom to think carefully before he

made his decision.

The teacher did not allow students to shout in class.

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DIt can follow verb + how,what etc.

Can you tell me how to get to the station? I don’t know when to answer his letter.

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to-infinitives can be used with question words like HOW , WHERE , WHAT and WHEN.

e.g. I asked him how to get to the railway station. We are discussing where to go for our holidays.

Please tell me when to take the cake out of the oven.

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E

The infinitive can express purpose.

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E

I am saving some money to study abroad.

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•Comes after the main verb…... He went to buy a car.

Main verb infinitive

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I went to open the door.

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FThe infinitive can be used after certain adjectives:

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Fangry,glad,happy,sorry,glad,lucky,prepared,pleased,determined,ready,surprised,

nice,impossible

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FWe were sorry to hear the bad news.

We are sorry to hear of your father’s death.

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FI am glad to meet you.I am pleased to meet you.I am happy to see you again.I am lucky to be here.I am ready to go.

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KThe infinitive can be used with too/enoughIt's too early to leave the party.

You are too young to go out late at night.

He's rich enough to afford a Porsche.

I’m strong enough to live without you.

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as adjective

I have a lot of work to do tomorrow.

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cost/take + object can also be used:

It costs millions to rebuild the castle.

It takes years to rebuild the castle.

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VERB + INFINITIVEWant to would like to promise toDecide to refuse to plan to expect

to

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VERB + (PRO)NOUN +INFINITIVETell someone to want someone toWould like someone to allow

someone toexpect someone to force

someone toremind someone to

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GERUND

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THE GERUND AS SUBJECT

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It is easier to read French than to speak it.

or

Reading French is easier than speaking it.

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GERUNDS AFTER PREPOSITIONS

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When a verb is placed immediately after a preposition the gerund must be used:What can you do besides typing?

Touch your toes without bending your knees.He is good at swimming.I am too afraid of losing you.I am tired of arguing.After swimming I felt cold.What about leaving it here and collecting it

later.

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VERBS FOLLOVED BY GERUNDS

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VERB + GERUNDenjoy avoid quit

mind suggestdiscuss stop

stop + infinitive of purpose

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VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVEWITH NO DIFFERENCE IN MEANING

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begin startlike hatelove prefer

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VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVEWITH A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING

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RememberforgetRegret try

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DERS KİTABINDAKİ FİİLLER

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