Using Pronouns Correctly What are the cases of personal pronouns? The nominative case The objective...

Using Pronouns Correctly

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The nominative caseThe objective caseThe possessive case

Solving special pronoun problemsAppositivesElliptical constructionsReflexive and intensive pronounsWho and whom

Review AReview B

What are the cases of personal pronouns?

A pronoun takes the place of a noun.

The rider approaches slowly.

The rider watches the longhorns closely.

The rider’s horse is well trained.

He

them

His


Nominative Objective Possessive

Singular

First person I me my, mine

Second person you you your, yours

Third person he, she, it him, her, it his, her, hers, its

Plural

First person we us our, ours

Second person you you your, yours

Third person they them their, theirs

Case is the form that a pronoun takes to show its relationship to other words in a sentence.

Pronouns in the nominative case are used as subjects and as predicate nominatives.

Nominative case pronouns

First person I, we

Second person you, you

Third person he, she, it, they

We compete in several sports.

The winner in the high hurdles was he.

Subject

Predicate nominative

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The nominative case

Nominative case


Make sure the subject of a verb is in the nominative case.

Rob and his friends shot some baskets. his friends

Subject

they ? them ?Nominative case

they

Then Rob played by himself for an hour.

Subject

him ? he ?

Robhe

The team leaders were Tom and Sara. Tom and Sarathey

Nominative case


Make sure a predicate nominative is in the nominative case.


The more experienced caver is Sara.


Sarashe

they ? them ?Nominative case

her ? she ?

[End of Section]

For each of the following sentences, choose the correct form of the pronoun in parentheses.

1. Cynthia and (me, I) took scuba-diving lessons.

2. Wyatt and (she, her) will pass out the sheet music.

3. How did you guess the winner would be (he, him)?

4. You and (we, us) raised the most money for the dance.

5. The children on the parade float were (they, them).

On Your Own


Object of preposition

Indirect object

Direct object

Pronouns in the objective case are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions.

Objective case pronouns

First person

me, us

Second person

you, you

Third person

him, her, it, them

Carmen has invited me to her party.

My uncle gave it a tuneup.

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The objective case

Don’t you sit in front of me in class?


A direct object should be in the objective case.

My uncle took ______ to the State Fair.

Direct object

us

I saw Barbara and ______ on the Ferris wheel.

them

Direct object

us ?we ?Objective case

them ? they ?Objective case


An indirect object should be in the objective case.

Tony found _____ a new home.

Indirect object

Indirect object

He gave Teresa and _____ the tiny kittens.

them

her

them ? they ?Objective case

her ?she ?Objective case


An object of a preposition should be in the objective case.

Aside from _____, who else will be coming?


us

The package was addressed to you and _____. me


us ?we ?Objective case

me ? I ?Objective case

[End of Section]


1. The guests thanked Rita and (she, her) for the party.

2. The first guests to arrive were (they, them).

3. Are Gloria and (I, me) playing in the first match?

4. What were you telling Chuck and (we, us) earlier?

5. An e-mail from (he, him) just arrived.

On Your Own


Pronouns in the possessive case are used to show ownership or possession.

Possessive case pronouns

First person my, mine, our, ours

Second person your, yours

Third person his, her, hers, its, their, theirs

What are the cases of personal pronouns? The possessive case

My car won’t start. We’ll have to ride in hers.


The possessive pronouns mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs are used in the same ways pronouns in the nominative and objective cases are used.

Her sister and mine play soccer.

This tennis racquet is hers.

Have you finished yours yet?

His father gave ours a tour.

Apart from his, no score was perfect.

Subject


Direct object

Indirect object



The possessive pronouns my, your, his, her, its, and their are used as adjectives before nouns.

Does your brother play the guitar?

Where does he buy his guitar strings?

[End of Section]


1. Robert has trained (him, his) new puppy.

2. (They, Them) brought cheese and crackers to the party.

3. The college sent some information to (we, us).

4. Make sure (your, yours) name is on every page.

5. Carla has completed her application, but I haven’t started (my, mine).

On Your Own


Since a subject is in the nominative case, a pronoun in an appositive identifying a subject should also bein the nominative case.

Both teachers, Mr. Petrakis and ___, coach the team.

Solving special pronoun problems Appositives

A pronoun used as an appositive should be in the same case as the word to which it refers.

Both teachers, Mr. Petrakis and ___, coach the team.

Subject

Mr. Petrakis and he

Appositive

The appositive identifies the subject, teachers.

The director chose us, Joel and ___, for major roles.

Solving special pronoun problems Appositives

A pronoun used as an appositive should be in the same case as the word to which it refers.

The director chose us, Joel and ___, for major roles.

Direct object

Joel and me

Appositive

The appositive identifies the direct object, us.Since a direct object is in the objective case, a pronoun in an appositive identifying a direct object should alsobe in the objective case.

Solving special pronoun problems Elliptical constructions

A pronoun following than or as in an elliptical construction should be in the same case as it would be if the construction were completed.

The tenor sang louder than he.

The accident hurt Tim as much as her.

The tenor sang louder than he sang.

The accident hurt Tim as much as the accident hurt her.

Completed

Elliptical

Completed

Elliptical

Reflexive and intensive pronouns have the same forms.

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

First person myself, ourselves

Second person yourself, yourselves

Third person himself, herself, itself, themselves

Solving special pronoun problemsReflexive and intensive pronouns

I think I will treat myself to a movie.

Evelyn herself raked all the leaves.

Reflexive

Intensive

Solving special pronoun problems Reflexive and intensive pronouns

Do not use a pronoun ending in –self or –selves instead of a personal pronoun.

Mariah and myself went to the rodeo.

Can I depend on Jay and yourself?

Myself does not refer to or emphasize any other word.

Yourself does not refer to or emphasize any other word.

Nonstandard

Nonstandard

Standard

Standard

I

you

[End of Section]

Choose the correct form of the pronoun in parentheses to correct each sentence below.

1. He remained true to (him, himself) and his own values.

2. Can she really be six months older than (I, me)?

3. Mr. Webster gave a prize to his best students, Tim and (we, us).

4. We promised that we would do all the carpentry work (ourself, ourselves).

5. The mural was painted by two seniors, Chad and (he, him).

On Your Own

Solving special pronoun problems

Solving special pronoun problemsWho and whom

The use of who or whom in a subordinate clause depends on how the pronoun functions in the clause.

Sharla, whom I practice with, is a good tutor.whom

Object of a preposition

Is there someone here who can help me?whoSubject

Nominative case Objective case

who whoever whom whomever

To choose between who and whom in a subordinate clause, follow these steps:

Find the subordinate clause.

Do you know (who, whom) borrowed the ladder?

STEP 1

Subordinate clause

The subordinate clause is (who, whom) borrowed the ladder.


Decide how the pronoun is used in the clause.

(who, whom) borrowed the ladder

STEP 2

Subject?

Predicate nominative?

Direct object?

Indirect object?

Object of preposition?

The pronoun is used as the subject of the verb borrowed.


Determine what case the pronoun should be in.


STEP 3

Subject

The subject should be in the nominative case.

Is a subject in the nominative or objective case?


Select the correct form of the pronoun.


STEP 4

The nominative form is who.

Nominative case

who

Objective case

whomDo you know who borrowed the ladder?

Answer



Apply the steps to the following sentence:

4. Select the correct form of the pronoun.

Those are the teachers whom I want. Answer

Those are the teachers (who, whom) I want.

1. Find the subordinate clause.

2. Decide how the pronoun is used in the clause.

3. Determine what case the pronoun should be in.

(who, whom) I want

direct object—I want (who, whom)

objective

whom


[End of Section]

Choose the correct form, who or whom, to complete each sentence below.

1. The child _____ fell off the swing is not hurt.

2. There goes Fred, _____ I sit behind in chemistry class.

3. Are they the teammates with _____ you work out?

4. Everyone has guessed _____ the winner will be.

5. I can’t remember _____ I asked that question.

On Your Own


Review A

[End of Section]


1. Greg and (myself, I) both got our driver’s licenses.

2. When he called, I could hardly believe it was really (he, him).

3. “Does anyone dance better than (her, she)?” I wondered.

4. What the crowd appreciated most was (him, his) singing.

5. (Who, Whom) can name this geometric shape?

Review B

If a sentence has an incorrect pronoun, supply the correct pronoun form. If a sentence is already correct, identify it with a “C.”

_____ 1. I would like to know who you are voting for in the next election.

_____ 2. They watched her and I playing a game of tennis.

_____ 3. Sally and myself are planning to attend the lecture.

_____ 4. Is it Mr. Ross whom teaches the class?

_____ 5. No one has worked harder than she.

The End

Using Pronouns Correctly What are the cases of personal pronouns? The nominative case The objective...

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