University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Take Home Message #2 Shredlage & Forage Form.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Take Home

Message #2

Shredlage &

Forage Form


Visualizing

the Rumen Mat


Physically effective fiber• Providing 5 pounds of feed particles over 0.75 inch

to 2 inches

• 550 to 600 minutes of cud-chewing activity per cow per day.

• 60 to 75% of cows at rest should be cud-chewing

• > 60 chews per bolus of feed.

• Rumen pH should be over 6.0


Shredlage vs. Kernel Processing• Longitudinally ripped forage (increase surface area)

• Stalk pieces about the size of an alfalfa steam (1.25 inch TLC or 30 mm)

• Rhine of plant completely opened up.

• Smashed corn kernels

• Softer and fluffier.


Shredlage

KP

University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignShredlage KPPhotos provided by Kevin Shinners, UW Madison, BSE


Shredlage

Materials resulted from water separation technique done by Kevin Shinners, UW Madison, BSE

KP


Penn State Separator Box(as-fed basis)

Screen, mm Shredlage KP

19 31.5% 5.6%8 41.5% 75.6%

1.18 26.2% 18.4%Pan 0.8% 0.4%

Luiz Ferraretto & Randy Shaver Dairy Science Department

Samples obtained during feed-out

from the silo bags


Shredlage processor• Processor costs ~ $30,000

• Additional $25/hour to cover extra fuel & other costs– Estimated 2 gallons more fuel per hour

– Shredlage LLC recommends that custom operators charge $1.50-$2/ton

– Custom harvesters estimate roll replacement on one roll at 40,000-50,000 tons and maybe both rolls at 60,000-70,000 tons

Custom Harvesters Tell How Shredlage Works For ThemNew silage corn processing method is examined - Apr. 15, 2013 http://hayandforage.com/corn/custom-harvesters-tell-how-shredlage-works-them


MN

Field Trial 1

MN Field

Trial 2

WI Field

Trial 1

Lab Surve

y

WI Field

Trial 2Lab Survey

Testing Lab Dairyland Rock River Cumberlan

d Valley

Year 2005 - 2007 2011 2011 -2012

2010 -2012

2010 - 2011

No. of samples 252 55 29 258 64 311 1,131

KPS - - - - - - - - - - - -% of Samples by Processing Score- - - - - - -

Excellent

10%

8% 10% 17%

17% 16% 7%

Adequate

48%

76% 55% 68%

61% 62% 51%

Poor 42%

16% 35% 15%

22% 22% 42%

Kernel Processing Score

RD Shaver UW-Madison


Kernel Processing Score

∆Worth 2 lb. Milk

or 2 lb. Corn

RD Shaver UW-Madison


% (as fed)

Penn State Separator

Top 2nd 3rd Bottom

TMR 10-15 > 40 < 30< 20

Haylage > 40> 40<20 < 5

Corn silage 5-15 > 50 <30< 5(3/4 TLC-Process)


Top Box:

13.3%


Middle

Box:

68.8%


Bottom

Box:

17.9%


Take Home

Message #3

Build Your Milk

Check


Never Give Up Milk• 1 lb of dry matter cost $0.12

• Milk price is $0.20 per pound

• Good cows produce 2 lb of milk per 1 lb of DM

• Profit: $0.28 cents per cow per pound of DM


Value of Milk Components(Prices for November, 2013)

• Holstein herd: 70 lb milk, 3.5% fat , and 2.9% true protein corrected to 3.7% fat and 3.0% true protein

• 70 lb x 0.2% point increase = 0.14 lb of milk fat x $1.63 / lb fat =

$0.23• 70 lb x 0.1% point increase milk protein

= 0.07 lb protein x $3.63 / lb = $0.25

• Profit potential: $0.48


Milk Fat and Milk Protein Relationship(Hoard’s Dairyman—Aug, 2013)

Fat % Protein %Protein vs Fat

Fat vs Protein

Ayrshire 3.86 3.17 80% 1.22

Brown Swiss 3.96 3.30 83% 1.22

Guernsey 4.49 3.31 74% 1.36

Holstein 3.70 3.02 82% 1.23

Jersey 4.75 3.64 77% 1.30


Case Study: U of IL Dairy Farm

Item Added Value /cwt

• Milk fat is 3.9% + 23 cents

• Milk true protein is 3.1% + 25 cents

• Milk quality premium + 83 cents

• rBST premium not to use + 59 cents


Take Home

Message #4

Feed Metrics


Who is Ever-Green-View-MY 1326?


Ever-Green-View My 1326 E.T.Owned by Thomas Kestell, Waldo, WI

National Milk Production Cow

72,171 lb (32,805 liters) of milk

2728 lb @ 3.78%

2143 lb of true protein @ 2.97%


Looking Ahead to 2014• Corn: $4.50/bushel

• Corn silage: $45 to $50 a ton

• Alfalfa hay: $250 a ton

• Soybean meal: $400 a ton

• Distillers grain: $200 a ton


Feed Prices Used Feeds 2013 2014Corn silage (per ton) $60 $45

Alfalfa (per ton) $300+ $250

Corn grain (bushel) $6.40 $5.00

Fuzzy cottonseed (ton) $350 $400

Corn gluten feed (ton) $200 $180

Soybean meal ( ton) $400 $450

Corn distillers grain (ton) $200 $200


Feed Benchmarks--2014 lb DM $/ lb DM $ / day

Forages 28 .105 2.94

Grain energy 10 .104 1.04

By-product 5.5 .14 0.77

Protein supp 5.5 .17 0.93

Min/vit/additive 1.0 .40 0.40

Ration building 0.10

Total 50 6.18


Feeding Economics--2014

Feed costs per cow per day $6.18

Feed cost per lb DM $0.12

Milk Production 80 lb 70 lb

Feed cost per cwt $ 7.73 $ 8.83

Income over feed costs ($19) $11.27 $ 10.17

Feed efficiency (lb milk/lb DM) 1.60 1.40


Economics of Feed Efficiency(70 lb milk, 12 cent lb DM)

Feed efficiency DMI Difference (lb milk/lb DM) (lb/day) (savings/day)

1.3054$0.48

1.4050$0.36

1.5047


Dairy EfficiencyDairy Efficiency: Pounds of fat correctedmilk divided by pounds of DM consumed

High group, mature cows > 1.7 High group, 1st lactation > 1.6Low group > 1.3One group TMR herds > 1.5Fresh cows < 1.5Concern (one group) < 1.3

Example: 75 lb milk / 50 lb DMI = 1.5

3.5% FCM = (0.4324 x lb of milk) + (16.216 x lb of milk fat)


Take Home

Message #5

Feed Buys


FeedVal 2012

• Allows you to use local prices

• Select nutrient values important to you

• Indicates values of feeds based on other available feeds


Breakeven

Prices

Dec, 2013, IL,

FeedVal 2012

Feed Current Breakeven

Shelled corn $4.40/bu $6.20/bu

SBM—49% $499/t $523/t

Corn silage $ 43/t $ 78/t

High qual alfalfa $250/t $180/t

Low qual alfalfa $150/t $132/t

Corn stalks $ 80/t $55/t

Straw $100/t $80/t


Feed Current Breakeven

Distillers grain $215$387

Corn gluten feed $178$265

Soy hulls $200$212

Fuzzy cottonseed $338$247

Wheat midds $195$215

Beet pulp $270$193

Breakeven

Prices

Dec, 2013, IL,

FeedVal 2012


Software Spreadsheet• http://dairymgt.info

• Select: tools

• Select: feeding

• Click on: feedval 2012


Take Home

Message #6

Feed Additives


U.S. Feed Additive Use (2013 Hoard’s Market Survey

2006 2012Buffers 41 39Yeast/yeast culture 28 32Rumensin 15 25Niacin 9 12Probiotics 11 12Mycotoxin binders 11 23Anionic products 3 6Don’t use 11 9


Additives Recommended• Rumen buffers

• Yeast culture/yeast products

• Monensin (Rumensin)

• Silage inoculants

• Biotin

• Organic trace minerals


Hutjens Priority1. Rumen impact

1a Rumensin

1b Yeast and yeast culture

1c Sodium bicarb/S-carb

2 Silage inoculants

3. Organic trace minerals (Zn, Se, & Cu)

4. Biotin


Hutjens “As Needs” List• Propylene glycol (300 to 500 ml)

• Calcium propionate (150 grams)

• Niacin (3 g protected; 3 g unprotected)

• Mycotoxin binders (clay mineral or yeast cell MOS compounds)

• Protected choline (15 g per day)

• Anionic products / salts (amount varies)

• Acid-based preservatives (baled hay and high moisture corn (0.5 to 1%)


Take Home

Message #7

Replacement Heifers


Cost of Raising Heifers(33 WI operations in 2013)

• Feed costs $1046• Labor and mgmt costs $ 333• Variable costs $ 274• Fixed costs $ 209• Total $1,862 (Add calf value and calf costs of $363)


Looking Back

1999 2007 2013Total Cost $1099 $1323 $1863

Daily Cost $1.61 $2.04 $3.04

Days on Feed 683 648 611


Economics of Age and Weight

Weight Age (mo) Total Cost/Day240 2.5 $2.15400 5.5 $2.79

610 10.0 $2.63

840 13.5 $3.081050 18.0 $3.371170 22.0 $3.93


Points to Ponder• Do you raise all female replacement heifers?

• Does genomics allow identification of superior animals?

• Do you use sexed semen on the best heifers and cows?

• Do you breed the bottom 1/3 cows to beef bulls?


Take Home

Message #8

Grouping Cows


Economics of Three Production Groups

Milk yield Feed cost DMI Cost

(lb/cow) ($/cow/day) (lb/day) ($/lb DM) 85 6.58 49.8 0.132

76 5.05 42.7 0.112

41 3.80 35.3 0.107


Economics of 85 lb vs. 76 lb TMR

1. Savings with two rations approach is $1.53

2. Adjusting for lower DMI $0.86

(42.7 lb x 13.2 cent/lb = $5.64 day

(42.7 lb x 11.2 cent lb = $4.78 day

3. Milk loss when shifting cows (4 lb @ 19 cents) $0.76


Grouping Software Program

• Dr. Victor Cabrera, U of WI

• Compare one group vs. to 2, 3, or 4 groups

• Download your DHI herd data (milk yield, components, DIM, and body weight)

• Protein and energy costs

• Current milk prices


Grouping Software Program• Enter the loss of milk yield per cow

• Number of days of lost milk production

• Added costs of mixing rations

• Savings on additives

• Comparison of IOFC:

– Cluster (cows with similar needs)

– Dairy Merit (milk yield and body weight at .075 power)

– FCM (fat corrected milk)

– DIM (days in milk)


Ration Selection• Cluster approach

• Four lactating groups

• 120/120/120/110 cows per group– 16.5% CP 0.73 Mcal / lb DM– 15.1%CP 0.68 Mcal / lb DM– 14.4%CP 0.66 Mcal / lb DM– 13.2%CP 0.62 Mcal / lb DM


Economic Comparisons• 1 vs 2 group $ 27,628 per year

• 1 vs 4 group $103,957 per year

• 2 groups– 300 / 170 $1,359,105– 100 / 370 $1,346,952– 235 / 235 $1,359,108


Software Spreadsheet• http://dairymgt.info

• Select: tools

• Select: feeding

• Click on: grouping strategies

http://dairymgt.info/


Take Home

Message #8

“Free Feed”


Control / Measuring Shrink• Measuring weigh-backs (1% to 2%)

• Reducing feed losses– Forages (5 to 35%)– Concentrates (2 to 10%)– By-products (5 to 10%

• Environment: moisture, wind , birds, mold


Must Use Silage Inoculants• 3% improvement in dry matter recovery

• 2% increase in digestibility

• Benefit to cost ratio ($1 per ton)– 3 : 1 on nutrient preserved– 8: 1 when fed to high producing cows


Oxygen Barrier Covering• 60 times more reduction in oxygen penetration in wet

silage (using OTR or oxygen transfer rate comparisons)

• Reduces DM loss by 50% in the top 1.5 to 3 feet of silage

• Results in a 2 to 5% savings in dry matter retained


Take Home Messages

• Cows are always “talking” to us

• Select areas that may give you the biggest “bang” for your time

• Monitor values so when changes occur, you / we have a base line


Make Economic-Based Long Term Correct Decisions• Maintain a solid mineral program

• Holstein heifers must gain 1.6 – 1.8 lb / day

• SCC must be below 200,000

• Days open must by under 120 days

• Accelerated calf program is a must

• Select additives that pay

• Consider a low group TMR


Feed Changes: Cow Responses

• Change in MUN by 3 units (8 to 12)• Change in manure score by one unit (3.0)• Change in body condition score by 0.5 (3.0)• Change > 3 lb of management level milk• Change > 0.2 % milk fat unit• Change > 0.1% milk protein unit• Change 2 lb of dry matter intake


http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/

http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/dairynet/

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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Take Home Message #2 Shredlage & Forage Form.

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