Take Home Message #2 Shredlage & Forage Form

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Take Home Message #2

Shredlage &Forage Form


Visualizing

the Rumen Mat


Physically effective fiber• Providing 5 pounds of feed particles over 0.75 inch

to 2 inches• 550 to 600 minutes of cud-chewing activity per

cow per day.• 60 to 75% of cows at rest should be cud-chewing • > 60 chews per bolus of feed.• Rumen pH should be over 6.0


Shredlage vs. Kernel Processing• Longitudinally ripped forage (increase surface area)

• Stalk pieces about the size of an alfalfa steam (1.25 inch TLC or 30 mm)

• Rhine of plant completely opened up.

• Smashed corn kernels

• Softer and fluffier.


Shredlage

KP

University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignShredlage KPPhotos provided by Kevin Shinners, UW Madison, BSE


Shredlage

Materials resulted from water separation technique done by Kevin Shinners, UW Madison, BSE

KP


Penn State Separator Box(as-fed basis)

Screen, mm Shredlage KP19 31.5% 5.6%8 41.5% 75.6%

1.18 26.2% 18.4%Pan 0.8% 0.4%

Luiz Ferraretto & Randy Shaver Dairy Science Department

Samples obtained during feed-out

from the silo bags


Shredlage processor• Processor costs ~ $30,000

• Additional $25/hour to cover extra fuel & other costs– Estimated 2 gallons more fuel per hour– Shredlage LLC recommends that custom operators

charge $1.50-$2/ton– Custom harvesters estimate roll replacement on one roll

at 40,000-50,000 tons and maybe both rolls at 60,000-70,000 tons

Custom Harvesters Tell How Shredlage Works For ThemNew silage corn processing method is examined - Apr. 15, 2013 http://hayandforage.com/corn/custom-harvesters-tell-how-shredlage-works-them


MN

Field Trial 1

MN Field

Trial 2

WI Field

Trial 1

Lab Surve

y

WI Field

Trial 2Lab Survey

Testing Lab Dairyland Rock River Cumberlan

d Valley

Year 2005 - 2007 2011 2011 -2012

2010 -2012

2010 - 2011

No. of samples 252 55 29 258 64 311 1,131

KPS - - - - - - - - - - - -% of Samples by Processing Score- - - - - - -

Excellent

10% 8% 10% 17

% 17% 16% 7%

Adequate

48% 76% 55% 68

% 61% 62% 51%

Poor 42% 16% 35% 15

% 22% 22% 42%

Kernel Processing Score

RD Shaver UW-Madison


Kernel Processing Score

∆Worth 2 lb. Milk

or 2 lb. Corn

RD Shaver UW-Madison


% (as fed)

Penn State Separator

Top 2nd 3rd Bottom

TMR 10-15 > 40 < 30< 20

Haylage > 40> 40<20 < 5

Corn silage 5-15 > 50 <30< 5(3/4 TLC-Process)


Top Box:

13.3%


Middle

Box:

68.8%


Bottom

Box:

17.9%



Build Your Milk Check


Never Give Up Milk• 1 lb of dry matter cost $0.12 • Milk price is $0.20 per pound

• Good cows produce 2 lb of milk per 1 lb of DM

• Profit: $0.28 cents per cow per pound of DM


Value of Milk Components(Prices for November, 2013)

• Holstein herd: 70 lb milk, 3.5% fat , and 2.9% true protein corrected to 3.7% fat and 3.0% true protein

• 70 lb x 0.2% point increase = 0.14 lb of milk fat x $1.63 / lb fat =

$0.23• 70 lb x 0.1% point increase milk protein

= 0.07 lb protein x $3.63 / lb = $0.25

• Profit potential: $0.48


Milk Fat and Milk Protein Relationship(Hoard’s Dairyman—Aug, 2013)

Fat % Protein %Protein vs Fat

Fat vs Protein

Ayrshire 3.86 3.17 80% 1.22

Brown Swiss 3.96 3.30 83% 1.22

Guernsey 4.49 3.31 74% 1.36

Holstein 3.70 3.02 82% 1.23

Jersey 4.75 3.64 77% 1.30


Case Study: U of IL Dairy FarmItem Added Value /cwt

• Milk fat is 3.9% + 23 cents• Milk true protein is 3.1% + 25 cents• Milk quality premium + 83 cents• rBST premium not to use + 59 cents



Feed Metrics


Who is Ever-Green-View-MY 1326?


Ever-Green-View My 1326 E.T.Owned by Thomas Kestell, Waldo, WI

National Milk Production Cow

72,171 lb (32,805 liters) of milk 2728 lb @ 3.78%

2143 lb of true protein @ 2.97%


Looking Ahead to 2014• Corn: $4.50/bushel• Corn silage: $45 to $50 a ton• Alfalfa hay: $250 a ton• Soybean meal: $400 a ton• Distillers grain: $200 a ton


Feed Prices Used Feeds 2013 2014Corn silage (per ton) $60 $45Alfalfa (per ton) $300+ $250Corn grain (bushel) $6.40 $5.00Fuzzy cottonseed (ton) $350 $400Corn gluten feed (ton) $200 $180Soybean meal ( ton) $400 $450Corn distillers grain (ton) $200 $200


Feed Benchmarks--2014 lb DM $/ lb DM $ / dayForages 28 .105 2.94Grain energy 10 .104 1.04By-product 5.5 .14 0.77 Protein supp 5.5 .17 0.93 Min/vit/additive 1.0 .40 0.40Ration building 0.10

Total 50 6.18


Feeding Economics--2014Feed costs per cow per day $6.18

Feed cost per lb DM $0.12

Milk Production 80 lb 70 lb

Feed cost per cwt $ 7.73 $ 8.83

Income over feed costs ($19) $11.27 $ 10.17

Feed efficiency (lb milk/lb DM) 1.60 1.40


Economics of Feed Efficiency(70 lb milk, 12 cent lb DM)

Feed efficiency DMI Difference (lb milk/lb DM) (lb/day) (savings/day)

1.3054$0.48

1.4050$0.36

1.5047


Dairy EfficiencyDairy Efficiency: Pounds of fat correctedmilk divided by pounds of DM consumed

High group, mature cows > 1.7 High group, 1st lactation > 1.6Low group > 1.3One group TMR herds > 1.5Fresh cows < 1.5Concern (one group) < 1.3

Example: 75 lb milk / 50 lb DMI = 1.5

3.5% FCM = (0.4324 x lb of milk) + (16.216 x lb of milk fat)



Feed Buys


FeedVal 2012

• Allows you to use local prices

• Select nutrient values important to you

• Indicates values of feeds based on other available feeds


Breakeven

Prices Dec, 2013, IL,

FeedVal 2012

Feed Current BreakevenShelled corn $4.40/bu $6.20/bu

SBM—49% $499/t $523/t

Corn silage $ 43/t $ 78/t

High qual alfalfa $250/t $180/t

Low qual alfalfa $150/t $132/t

Corn stalks $ 80/t $55/t

Straw $100/t $80/t


Feed Current Breakeven

Distillers grain $215$387

Corn gluten feed $178$265

Soy hulls $200$212

Fuzzy cottonseed $338$247

Wheat midds $195$215

Beet pulp $270$193

Breakeven

Prices Dec, 2013, IL,

FeedVal 2012


Software Spreadsheet• http://dairymgt.info

• Select: tools

• Select: feeding

• Click on: feedval 2012



Feed Additives


U.S. Feed Additive Use (2013 Hoard’s Market Survey

2006 2012Buffers 41 39Yeast/yeast culture 28 32Rumensin 15 25Niacin 9 12Probiotics 11 12Mycotoxin binders 11 23Anionic products 3 6Don’t use 11 9


Additives Recommended• Rumen buffers• Yeast culture/yeast products• Monensin (Rumensin)• Silage inoculants• Biotin• Organic trace minerals


Hutjens Priority1. Rumen impact

1a Rumensin1b Yeast and yeast culture1c Sodium bicarb/S-carb

2 Silage inoculants3. Organic trace minerals (Zn, Se, & Cu) 4. Biotin


Hutjens “As Needs” List• Propylene glycol (300 to 500 ml)

• Calcium propionate (150 grams)

• Niacin (3 g protected; 3 g unprotected)

• Mycotoxin binders (clay mineral or yeast cell MOS compounds)

• Protected choline (15 g per day)

• Anionic products / salts (amount varies)

• Acid-based preservatives (baled hay and high moisture corn (0.5 to 1%)



Replacement Heifers


Cost of Raising Heifers(33 WI operations in 2013)

• Feed costs $1046• Labor and mgmt costs $ 333• Variable costs $ 274• Fixed costs $ 209• Total $1,862 (Add calf value and calf costs of $363)


Looking Back1999 2007 2013

Total Cost $1099 $1323 $1863

Daily Cost $1.61 $2.04 $3.04

Days on Feed 683 648 611


Economics of Age and Weight Weight Age (mo) Total Cost/Day

240 2.5 $2.15400 5.5 $2.79

610 10.0 $2.63840 13.5 $3.081050 18.0 $3.371170 22.0 $3.93


Points to Ponder• Do you raise all female replacement heifers?• Does genomics allow identification of superior

animals?• Do you use sexed semen on the best heifers

and cows?• Do you breed the bottom 1/3 cows to beef

bulls?



Grouping Cows


Economics of Three Production Groups

Milk yield Feed cost DMI Cost (lb/cow) ($/cow/day) (lb/day) ($/lb DM) 85 6.58 49.8 0.132

76 5.05 42.7 0.112

41 3.80 35.3 0.107


Economics of 85 lb vs. 76 lb TMR

1. Savings with two rations approach is $1.53

2. Adjusting for lower DMI $0.86 (42.7 lb x 13.2 cent/lb = $5.64 day

(42.7 lb x 11.2 cent lb = $4.78 day

3. Milk loss when shifting cows (4 lb @ 19 cents) $0.76


Grouping Software Program• Dr. Victor Cabrera, U of WI• Compare one group vs. to 2, 3, or 4 groups• Download your DHI herd data (milk yield,

components, DIM, and body weight)• Protein and energy costs• Current milk prices


Grouping Software Program• Enter the loss of milk yield per cow

• Number of days of lost milk production

• Added costs of mixing rations

• Savings on additives

• Comparison of IOFC: – Cluster (cows with similar needs)– Dairy Merit (milk yield and body weight at .075 power)– FCM (fat corrected milk)– DIM (days in milk)


Ration Selection• Cluster approach• Four lactating groups• 120/120/120/110 cows per group

– 16.5% CP 0.73 Mcal / lb DM– 15.1%CP 0.68 Mcal / lb DM– 14.4%CP 0.66 Mcal / lb DM– 13.2%CP 0.62 Mcal / lb DM


Economic Comparisons• 1 vs 2 group $ 27,628 per year• 1 vs 4 group $103,957 per year• 2 groups

– 300 / 170 $1,359,105– 100 / 370 $1,346,952– 235 / 235 $1,359,108


Software Spreadsheet• http://dairymgt.info

• Select: tools

• Select: feeding

• Click on: grouping strategies

http://dairymgt.info/



“Free Feed”


Control / Measuring Shrink• Measuring weigh-backs (1% to 2%)• Reducing feed losses

– Forages (5 to 35%)– Concentrates (2 to 10%)– By-products (5 to 10%

• Environment: moisture, wind , birds, mold


Must Use Silage Inoculants• 3% improvement in dry matter recovery

• 2% increase in digestibility

• Benefit to cost ratio ($1 per ton)– 3 : 1 on nutrient preserved– 8: 1 when fed to high producing cows


Oxygen Barrier Covering• 60 times more reduction in oxygen penetration in wet

silage (using OTR or oxygen transfer rate comparisons)

• Reduces DM loss by 50% in the top 1.5 to 3 feet of silage

• Results in a 2 to 5% savings in dry matter retained


Take Home Messages• Cows are always “talking” to us• Select areas that may give you the biggest

“bang” for your time• Monitor values so when changes occur,

you / we have a base line


Make Economic-Based Long Term Correct Decisions• Maintain a solid mineral program

• Holstein heifers must gain 1.6 – 1.8 lb / day

• SCC must be below 200,000

• Days open must by under 120 days

• Accelerated calf program is a must

• Select additives that pay

• Consider a low group TMR


Feed Changes: Cow Responses • Change in MUN by 3 units (8 to 12)• Change in manure score by one unit (3.0)• Change in body condition score by 0.5 (3.0)• Change > 3 lb of management level milk• Change > 0.2 % milk fat unit• Change > 0.1% milk protein unit• Change 2 lb of dry matter intake


http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/

http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/dairynet/

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Take Home Message #2 Shredlage & Forage Form

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