The Periodic Table Metals, Transition metals, Metalloids, and Non- metals Groups and Periods.
UNIT 3. Metals, Non- metals, Metalloids Lab Activity Use paper strips with element properties to...
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Transcript of UNIT 3. Metals, Non- metals, Metalloids Lab Activity Use paper strips with element properties to...
UNIT 3
Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids Lab
Activity•Use paper strips with element properties to create
your own periodic table.• How did you arrange your table?•What trends do you see?
•Use the element key to compare your layout with the real periodic table.•What similarities do you see?•What differences do you see?
• Then rearrange your elements so they match the real periodic table.• Compare data for elements in the same group (column).
Melting• Some attractive forces holding the particles together are
broken and particles move freely around each other but are still close together. The stronger these forces are, the more energy is needed to overcome them and the higher the melting temperature.
Boiling• The remaining attractive forces are broken so the particles
can move freely and far apart. The stronger the attractive forces are, the more energy is needed to overcome them and the higher the boiling temperature.
Period Table ArrangementRussian ChemistDmitri Mendeleev
Mendeleev’s table as published in 1869, with many gaps and uncertainties
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
Elements in the same group have similar properties.
Each Group shares many properties such asboiling point, melting point, conductivity, density.• Alkali Metals form alkaline solutions when reacted with water.
• Alkaline Earth Metals - "Earth" was the alchemists term for the oxides of alkaline earth metals.• Transition metals – Can have valence electrons in a shell other than the
outer shell.• Post-Transition metals – Lower melting and boiling points. Al, Sn, Pb• Metaloids – Can exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals• Halogen means “salt former”.• Noble Gases - called "noble" because they rarely bond with other elements.
ELECTRONS
What is an electron and how does it
behave?
Parts of a wave
Wavelength
AmplitudeOrigin
Crest
Trough
What do you think is causing the images in the next 4
slides?Discuss with a neighbor.
Electrons shot one at a time – 100 Electrons
Electrons shot one at a time – 3,000 Electrons
Electrons shot one at a time – 20,000 Electrons
Electrons shot one at a time – 700,000 Electrons
Single slit - Classical Particles
Single Slit - Waves
Double Slit – Classical Particles
Double Slit - Light
Double Slit Experiment
Are electrons particles or waves?
Double Slit
Electrons form a diffraction pattern just like light.
Electrons shot one at a time – 100 Electrons
Electrons shot one at a time – 3,000 Electrons
Electrons shot one at a time – 20,000 Electrons
Electrons shot one at a time – 700,000 Electrons
Okay, so are electrons waves or particles?
Quantum particles (like electrons) behave as both particles and waves.
What would happen if you do the same experiment and record which electron goes through each slit?
Double Slit – Electrons NOT Recorded
Double Slit – Electrons Recorded
Disconnect the Recorder but leave the detectors on.
Leave Recorder on but pull the tape out.
Turn everything back on.It’s like they know they are being watched.
Video – You Tube• Video – Dr. Quantum – Double Slit Experiment
DeBroglie’s TheoryStanding WaveRope
What does “quantum” mean?
A quantum is a distinct quantity of energy.
Energy being absorbed or emitted from electrons happens only in particular quanta.
DeBroglie’s TheoryComplete “standing” waves only are allowed – (“Quantized”)
How does this affect how the electron orbits the nucleus?
Example on boardDraw wave orbitals standing and destructiveCalculate the hydrogen electron wavelength
DeBroglie’s Theory
Video – You Tube• Video – How does the electron move around the atom?• Video – Is the electron a wave or a particle?
• St. Mary’s Physics Online
Activity• Cut out different numbers of wavelengths; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.• Demonstrate how the electron would create a wave around the
nucleus.• Demonstrate different energy levels using the same method.