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“Understanding the Jatropha System”

IFAD – Jatropha conference, April 10 – 11, 2008 in Rome

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„The Jatropha System”

(nurseries) – plants – harvest – oil extraction – use of the oil

4baganí, Reinhard K. Henning,

e-mail: henning@bagani.de, Jatropha website: www.jatropha.de

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1. The Jatropha plant; 2. My own Jatropha activities (1987 – 2008);3. High yielding plants;4. Economic Aspects;

Content of this presentation(Understanding the Jatropha System)

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1. The Jatropha Plant

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The plantJatropha curcas L. (distribution)

is a tropical plant

from Jongschaap et al: Claims and Facts about Jatropha

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The Jatropha Plant

Jatropha School, Kasetsart University, Thailand,

Jatropha plantation, 2 years

Sr. Torres, Minas Gerais, Brazil, motherplant

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The Jatropha Plant

• Jatropha curcas L., is a small tree or large bush up to 6 m of hight; it is worlwide present in theform of protection hedges against animals, here in Mali, West Africa

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• The Jatropha plant is toxic in all its parts. It is not browsed by animals (repellent effect). Therefore its use as a “living fence”;

• The seeds contain about 30 - 35 % of a non edible oil.

• The Jatropha plant is a tropical plant;• The lifespan of the Jatropha plant is more

than 50 years.

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The Jatropha Plant

Male (left) und female flowers

Inflorescence without female flowers

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2. My OwnJatropha Activities

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My own Jatropha activities

• 3 years in Mali (1987 – 90) with GTZ (German Co-operation): collection of basic data of production of Jatropha oil and of soap manufacturing;

• 3 years in GTZ-headquarters in Eschborn (1990 - 1993): general administration work and preparation of a Jatropha project in Mali;

• 4 years execution of the GTZ-Jatropha-Project in Mali (1993 – 97).

• Since 1997 independent consultant (see CV in www.bagani.de): - Establishment and maintenance of a website www.Jatropha.de - Feasibility studies and consultancy work concerning the Jatropha

System in diff. countries and for diff. organisations.

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3. High Yielding Plants

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High yielding and low yielding Jatropha plants

Andapa, Madagascar Andapa, Madagascar

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High yielding Jatropha plants(infloescences develop only terminally)

Many branches by pruning, high yield

Few branches, low yield

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High yielding Jatropha plants

2 x pruned plant in Cambodia New shoots by pruning (after 5 days)

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High yielding plants

Brazil (Torres) Cambodia (Hak)

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High yielding plants

Malaysia, 8 months Cambodia, 7 monthsfrom seeds from Torres, Brazil

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Veg. multiplication of high yielding plants by tissue culture

India, Jain Irrigation Ltd. Mozambique, University

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4. Economic Aspects

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Economic Aspects

The economic feasibility depends very much on local situation:

1) The yield of the plants depends on the genetic properties and the environment (minerals, water, temperature);

2) The production costs of Jatropha oil depend very much on the local labour costs (about 2 hours of work for 1 liter of oil);

3) Mechanical harvesting is not possible (yet), because Jatropha - is a bush with many branches; - has flowers, unripe and ripe fruits at the same branch at the same time;

4) CDM (clean development mechanisme) financement is complicated and very expensive, so only applicable for large plantations.

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Economic Aspects

Basic dataWorking hours per day: 8 hours/dayWorking days per week: 5 days/weekWorking weeks per year: 45 weeksWorking days per year: 225 days/yearMinimal wage per day: 5000 RielMinimal wage per hour 625 RielExchange rate for 1 USD: 4000 RielNational currency: Riel RielPrice of Jatropha seeds per kg 380 Riel/kgExtraction rate with mechanical expeller:(kg seeds for 1 liter of oil): 4,55 kg of seed / l of oilDiesel consumption of expeller 2,00 liter per hourExtraction capacity of expeller 250 kg seed per hourExtraction rate of expeller 22 %Production rate of expeller 55,00 liters oil per hourWorking time to extract 1 liter of oil with expeller 0,04 hoursPersons working with the expeller: 2 personsMisc. time for oil extr. (buying spare parts, transport of seed & oil, etc) 0,25 hours/literLocal price of expeller (1500 USD, Hak bought from nephew): 6000000 RielDepreciation of the expeller per 1 liter of oil: 135 RielActual diesel price: 3200 RielLife time of expeller 10 years

Purchase of seeds + cost of working time for extraction 1 l oil + depreciation 2040,80 Riel0,51 USD

Economic estimation of JCL oil production in Cambodia

Installation costs of plantation as well as storage and transport are not considered

Cost of oil production with expeller (without plantation, storage & transport):

(Mr. Hak, Banteay Meanchey)

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Economic Aspects (price of seed)

Basic dataWorking hours per day: 8 hours/dayWorking days per week: 5 days/weekWorking weeks per year: 45 weeksWorking days per year: 225 days/yearMinimal wage per day: 5000 RielMinimal wage per hour 625 RielExchange rate for 1 USD: 4000 RielNational currency: Riel RielPrice of Jatropha seeds per kg 500 Riel/kgExtraction rate with mechanical expeller:(kg seeds for 1 liter of oil): 4,55 kg of seed / l of oilDiesel consumption of expeller 2,00 liter per hourExtraction capacity of expeller 250 kg seed per hourExtraction rate of expeller 22 %Production rate of expeller 55,00 liters oil per hourWorking time to extract 1 liter of oil with expeller 0,04 hoursPersons working with the expeller: 2 personsMisc. time for oil extr. (buying spare parts, transport of seed & oil, etc) 0,25 hours/literLocal price of expeller (1500 USD, Hak bought from nephew): 6000000 RielDepreciation of the expeller per 1 liter of oil: 135 RielActual diesel price: 3200 RielLife time of expeller 10 years

Purchase of seeds + cost of working time for extraction 1 l oil + depreciation 2586,25 Riel0,65 USD

Economic estimation of JCL oil production in Cambodia

Installation costs of plantation as well as storage and transport are not considered

Cost of oil production with expeller (without plantation, storage & transport):

(Mr. Hak, Banteay Meanchey)

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The Brazilian president Lula da Silva during the inauguration of a biodiesel production unit with a Jatropha plant in the hand.

He said u. o., that he is glad, that Jatropha oil cannot be produced industrially, so the production of Jatropha oil as a source of renewable energy will create many new work places.

Sao Paulo newspapüer, 1. Febr. 2007

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Thank you for your attention!Vision: A train will run on Jatropha oil,

like in Germany the Priegnitzer Eisenbahn

Car running with pure plant oil (PPO) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Photo: ERI

VideoTrain Fianarantsoa –

Manakara, Madagascar