Understanding Global Energy

8/14/2019 Understanding Global Energy

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Understanding Global

Energy

This presentation will change

the way you think about our

global energy problem

GlobalQBTU.com

[email protected]

This presentation was taken from The Global Energy Handbook, available through

Amazon.com, Barnes & Noble and other sources

Where Energy Really GoesAutos and EnergyHousehold EnergyElectricity GenerationAlternative SourcesEver-Increasing DemandEnergy vs. Consumer Spending


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Energy from a Global Perspective

This presentation is unlike any you have ever seen on energy. We take off

the rose-colored glasses, we look at energy from a pragmatic and globalperspective to give you a basic and essential understanding of:

Where energy comes from and how it is used

Why the demand for energy is always increasing

Why conservation and efficiency are not solving the problem

When reading about energy do you askbut what does this really mean?

Then you should find this presentation to be useful

This presentation will change the way youthink about our global energy situation


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Some Questions Addressed Here

The answers to these questions will surprise you,they are not what you would normally think

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Can energy be described in a more simple and consistent way?

What is the difference between energy production and energyconsumption?

Where is most energy actually consumed?

How much energy is used by households and autos?

How much have energy costs really increased?

What if everyone drove a fuel-efficient car or switched tofluorescent bulbs?

How much can solar and wind really do for us?

Why is the demand for energy always increasing?


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Why cant energy be explained in

simple, consistent terms? It can . . .

Are You Confused About Energy?

32 Billion barrels of oil yearly!

1.7 Billion gallons of gasoline daily!

67 EJoules of electricity yearly!

6.5 Billion short tons of coal yearly!

370 Gigawatts of nuclear power!

9 Gigawatts of solar power!

etc., etc. !

A chart used to explain energy (DoE /EIA/Sandia)

No wonder; the way energy information is presented has us allconfused, it might as well be written in a foreign language


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The BTU is a relatively small amount of energy; a can

of soda contains about 150 Calories or 600 BTU

Global energy is measured in quadrillion BTU or QBTU*

The U.S. Energy Information Agency (EIA) uses QBTU

The only thing you will need to keep in mind is:

Millions > Billions > Trillions > Quadrillions*

106 > 109 > 1012 > 1015

The BTU Approach to Global Energy

Global energy production is approaching500 QBTU per year

The BTU approach allows you to see the wholeglobal energy picture, not just pieces of it


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Total energy produced is referred toas Prime Source Energy or PSE

Global Energy Production in QBTU

Oil 189 QBTU

Gasoline 75 QBTU

Electricity 64 QBTU

Coal 130 QBTU

Nuclear 28 QBTU

Solar 0.02 QBTU

Here is the energy data

given earlier, but now in

consistent QBTU terms

Here are the prime

sources of global energy

Note the relatively small percentage

of alternative energy sources

0

50

100

150

200

250

QBTU

Global Prime Source Energy QBTU per Year

500 QBTU

87% Fossil

1.6% Alternatives

5.5% ea.


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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

QBTU

Figure 2-6: World Prime Source Energy Growth (from EIA Fig 10)

Where wehave been

Where we seem

to be going

2.0 % YearlyGrowth

470 QBTU

How Fast is Global Energy Use Increasing?

500 QBTU

The answer: very fast

(More about this later)

220 QBTU


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500 Q

End-use energy consumption is only 74%of total global energy production

LostEnergy*

Q

B

T

U

307 Q

193 Q

Gasoline, diesel,fuel oil, natural gas,coal, biofuels, etc.

ElectricityGeneration

DirectlyUsed

Energy Production and End-Use Consumption

ConsumedElectricity

129 Q

64 Q

372 Q

Total EnergyProduction

ElectricityGeneration

EndUseConsumption

307 Q

64 Q

Direct-UseConsumption

ElectricityConsumption

Energy production and end-use consumption are not thesame thing; these often get confused in media reporting

* Energy conversion, reserves, transmission losses

Total End-UseConsumption


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To Electricity

Generation

Delivered

Electricity

193 Q

The Significance of Electricity Losses

Consider this next time you look at your electricitybill or read something about electric cars

Q

BT

U

129 QLost

64 QEnd-Use

Consumption

Energy Conversion,Reserve andTransmissionLosses

For every kilowatt-hour of electricity used, three

kilowatt-hours of energy are required to produce it!


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Industrial Transport Residential Commercial

Q

BT

U

Where Global Energy Goes

4 Q

246 Q

103 Q

93 Q

58 Q

Energy losses

129 QBTU

59 Q 37 Q28 Q

The industrial and commercial sectorsuse the lions share of global energy

Global energy users are divided into four majorsectors; industrial, transportation, residentialand commercial

500 QBTU Total


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Home

Heating

Air

Condition

Appliances

Plus*

Home

Lighting

32 Q9 Q

27 Q6 Q

500 Q

All Global

Energy

Residential Energy

Households use only 19% of all global energy(11% for electricity, 8% for heating fuel)

Water

Heating

Clothes

Dryer

13 Q 5 Q

Q

B

T

U

Residential

Sector

93 Q

55 Q Electricity - 11%

25 Q Natural Gas 5%

11 Q Fuel Oil 2.2%

2 Q Biofuel 0.4%

18%

92 QBTU total 19% of global energy

* kitchen appliances, electronics, indoor and outdoor tools,

yard equipment and anything else that plugs-in

Households are the main focus of all of those how to

save energy tips we see daily; but how much energy

do households really use?


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Electricity

Generation

Residential

Electricity

Residential

Lighting

193 Q

55 Q 7 Q(1.4%)

500 Q

All Global

Energy

Electricity Flow-Down

Residential lighting accounts for only1.4% of all global energy production

Q

B

TU

Home lighting is 10 to 15% of residential energy,but how much is this in terms of global energy?

11%

surprised?

39%

To answer this we must turn the telescopearound and look at entire flow-down ofglobal energy, not just home lighting


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What you dont see directly:

Typical familys share of all

energy used in the U.S.

What you see directly:Utilities and gasoline bills

U.S Overall Energy Consumption

We consume three to four time moreenergy than we think we do

In millions of BTU (MBTU)

Everything else:Consumer goods andservicesGovernmentEducationHealthFoodClothingEntertainmentTraveletc.


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0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Dollarper

Kwthr

2008 Adjusted

Dollars

Then Year

Dollars

Figure 5-7: Electricity Rates - Inflation Adjusted

energy data tables>inflat

They havent; electricity rates have generally

been coming down since 1980

Electricity Rate History

How much have electricity rates increased, relativeto inflation, over the past three decades?

2

0

10

2010

surprised?


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All Fossil Oil Transport Gasoline Motor Vehicles

436 Q

189 Q

97 Q76 Q

61 Q

500 Q

All Energy

Petroleum Energy Flow-Down

Motor vehicles use only 12% of allglobal energy production

Q

B

T

U

Yes, we use a lot of gasoline, but the real

question is; how much global energy isactually used by motor vehicles*?

* cars and light trucks

12%

surprised again?

To answer this we must turn the telescopearound and look at the entire global energyflow-down, not just at gasoline use


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The cost of gasoline is now back to theEnergy Crises peak of the early 1980s

Gasoline Cost: Inflation Adjusted

2010 Adjusted Dollars

The cost of gasoline has increased drastically over the pastseveral years, but how does this compare with historical costs?


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0.00E+00

5.00E+03

1.00E+04

1.50E+04

2.00E+04

2.50E+04

Gasoline Lithium-ion

advanced

Lithiun-ion

typical

Ni Metal

Hydride

Lead

Acid

BTUperLb

Figure 6-3b: Energy Content for Battery Types Compared to Gasoline

ev battery chain>auto

Energy Storage: Batteries vs. Gasoline

The specific energy of even our most advancedbattery is still far below that of gasoline

Think about this the

next time you read

something about

electric vehicles

GAS

BATTERY

We hear a lot about advanced technology batteries,but how much have batteries really improved?


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Yes, costs are coming down for solar and wind, but

Solar and wind can only produce electricity

They are only part-time workers

There is no viable way (yet) for mass storing their energy

Because of these inherent limitations, solar andwind can only be supplemental energy sources

What can solar and wind energy do for us?

at least until massive storage

capability becomes a reality

Solar and Wind Energy?

Electricity generation requires about 40% of global energyproductionAssuming (optimistically) that solar and wind combined work atleast 40% of the time, then by simple math;

40% x 40% equals 16% of our global energy needs


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Growing biofuels requires large amounts of farmland

which otherwise could be used to grow food

Relatively large amounts of energy are required for production;(60% of the energy in ethanol is fossil fuel based*)

Biofuels can only be a supplementalsource of global energy

What can biofuels realistically do for us?

Cellulosic plant sources grown on marginal land and low-energyproduction techniques (termites, algae, bacteria, etc.) to producebiofuels remain a future possibility, but until then . . .

* Official USDA output/input production ratio of 1.67

(disputed by many as being too high)

Biofuels?

Costs are coming down, but


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Energy Savings Initiatives: Looking Back

We are now using energy 2 to 3 more efficiently, butconsumption continues on its relentless rise

Since the early 1970s great strides have been made in

conservation, efficiency and public awareness of energy

Auto mpg has doubled

More efficient appliances

Building codes revised

Clean Air Act initiated

Recycling becomes routine

Earth Day & Earth Summit

Drive less, car pool

Lower our thermostats

Use fluorescent bulbs

Get energy-eff. windows

Buy a fuel-efficient car

Use a clothes line etc.

500 QBTU

2010

220 QBTU

1970

720 QBTU

2030


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Energy Demand Keeps Growing Because . . .

Energy does not hold still while we try to fix it

Nearly two billion people still do not have electricity

Several billion others would like to own an automobile

Billions more would like to have bigger, better homes

Everyone would like to become big-time consumers like us

Can we blame them?

Yes, the worlds population is increasing, but the demand for

energy from those of us already here is increasing even faster


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Most energy use is considered necessary and useful,

at least by those using it

Most energy savings initiatives focus on our cars and homes, i.e.personal solutions

Personal Solutions Are Not Working

Global energy demand is increasing at 2.0% yearlydespite all of our emphasis on Personal Savings

Do you know of anyone who thinks they waste energy?

But most energy is consumed in the Industrial and Commercial Sectors

(i.e., on the goods and services we buy)

Conservation and improved efficiency have not

translated into reduced energy consumption

Personal energy savings, although helping, are not solvingtheglobal energy problem


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What if every household in the worldswitched from incandescent bulbs to

fluorescent light bulbs?

Global energy consumption would be

reduced by 3.5 QBTU or 0.7%

Some What-If Examplesfrom the Global Energy Handbook

What if every family in the world reduced

their household electricity use by 10%?

Global energy consumption would bereduced by 5.5 QBTU or1.1%

With the demand for global energy increasing at 2.0%yearly, savings like these are quickly washed away

23


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Today there are over 800 million

cars in the world

Looking at gasoline savings alone doesnot give the whole energy picture

Some What-If Examplesfrom the Global Energy Handbook

What if average auto fuel-efficiency went

from todays 22 mpg to 44 mpg by 2030

2010 2020 2030

Q

B

T

UIf mileage rose

to 44 mpg avg.

If mileage stayed

at 22 mpg avg.

500 Q

720 Q

680 Q

Unfortunately, global energy consumption would

not be reduced, only slowed down slightly

The other uses of energy (non-auto)

will continue to grow, regardless

By then (2030) there will be nearly

two billion cars in the world

It will take about 20 years for the

world fleet to reach 44 mpg avg.


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Near-Term vs. Long-Term Solutions

In discussions on energy many will say not to worry;

everything will be run using renewable energy sources

solar and wind with mass storage capability; biofuels grownon arid land; platforms in space beaming down energy andnuclear fusion.Do not deny the possibility of these, just point that they arefar-term solutions, hopefully for our grand children or their

grand children, they are not near-term solutions

In most discussions on global energy the first casualtyis the distinction between near and far-term solutions

The global energy perspective given here is for the near-term;

the next 30 years or so when diminishing fossil-fuel suppliescombine with the dire predicted effects of greenhouse emissions


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Energy Consumption vs. Consumer Spending

At the same time we are also bombarded to consume

more: designer clothes, the latest high-tech gadgets, fast

foods, new and better cars

Unfortunately, energy consumption and consumerspending are two sides of the same coin

Energy consumption is bad

Consumer spending is good

a least in the way our globaleconomy is currently structured

Energy and spending are treated as

two separate things in the media:

We are constantly bombarded with pleas to save energy:drive less, turn down the heater, shut off the computer, usefluorescent bulbs, install energy-efficient appliances


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What Do You Think?

If you like the way global energy ispresented here go to

gloalqbtu.com

To contact the author with

questions or comments go [email protected]

You now should have a better understanding of global energy

You should see why conservation and improved efficiencyhave not been able to reduce the demand for energy

You should see why the solution goes far beyond thecommercial and political slogans we hear daily

And freely pass this on to anyone else that may be interested

This presentation was taken from The Global Energy Handbook, available throughAmazon.com, Barnes & Noble, Robertson Publishing and other sources


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GlobalQBTU.com

[email protected]

This presentation was taken from The Global Energy Handbook,available through Amazon.com, Barnes & Noble, Robertson Publishing

and other sources

Understanding Global Energy

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