8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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Understanding human nature:

understanding business and

global nature

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIAUniversitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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Is human nature ‘constructed’ or

given?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIAUniversitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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Kelindanan antara

“human nature”

denganpembentukan ilmu

pengetahuan, adakah?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

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Jensen and Meckling’s Nature of Men

(1994)

The Resourceful, Evaluative, Maximizing Model (REMM)

The Economic Model (or Money Maximizing Model)

The Sociological Model (or Social Victim Model)

The Psychological Model (or Hierarchy of Needs Model)

The Political Model (or Perfect Agent Model)

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIAUniversitas Brawijaya

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Why REMM is the best

(according to Jensen and Meckling?)

• We argue that REMM best describes thesystematically rational part of human behavior. Itserves as the foundation for the agency model of

financial, organizational, and governancestructure of firms.

• The growing body of social science research onhuman behavior has a common message:

Whether they are politicians, managers,academics, professionals, philanthropists, orfactory workers, individuals are resourceful,evaluative maximizers.

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIAUniversitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIAUniversitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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Bagaimana pemahaman tentang “human

nature” mengarahkan kita pada pemahaman

atas etika bisnis [global]?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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 The businessmen believe that they are defending free

enterprise when they declaim that business is notconcerned "merely" with profit but also with promotingdesirable "social" ends; that business has a "socialconscience" and takes seriously its responsibilities forproviding employment, eliminating discrimination,avoiding pollution and whatever else may be thecatchwords of the contemporary crop of reformers. In fact

they are--or would be if they or anyone else took themseriously--preaching pure and unadulterated socialism.Businessmen who talk this way are unwitting puppetsof the intellectual forces that have been undermining thebasis of a free society these past decades.

Milton Friedman said...

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

9/17

The Social Responsibility of Business is toIncrease its Profits

Milton FriedmanThe New York Times Magazine

September 13, 1970

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

10/17

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

11/17

Mengapa Teori (tentanghuman nature) Penting?

Memangnya apa arti teori?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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Kalau kata Blaikie

(2000:129)

“Theory specifies therelationship betweenconcepts; [while]concepts are regarded

building block of socialtheory...connectsfruitfully to theempirical world” 

Teori adalah... RasionalEmpiris

PragmatisAri Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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Kalau kata Al Attas (2001:118), TEORI adalah:

“Affirmation of Revelation as the source of knowledge

of ultimate reality and truth pertaining both to createdthings as well as to their Creator [that ] provides

foundation for a metaphysical framework in whichto elaborate our philosophy of science as an integrated

system descriptive of that reality and truth in a waywhich is not open to the methods of the secularphilosophic rationalism and philosophic empiricism ofmodern philosophy and science” 

Lebih dalam lagi...

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

8/18/2019 Understanding Human Nature Understanding Business and Global Nature

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Kuntowijoyo (2006:11):

“Konstruksi pengetahuan yang memungkinkan kita

untuk memahami realitas sebagaimana Al Quranmemahaminya. Konstruksi pengetahuan itudibangun oleh Al Quran pertama-tama dengantujuan agar kita memiliki hikmah atas dasar itu

dibentuk perilaku yang sejalan dengan nilai-nilainormatif Al Quran, baik pada level moralmaupun pada level sosial” 

Lebih dalam lagi...

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

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Karena kita membangun :

berdasarkan tujuan dan asumsi fundamental tentangTuhan, manusia dan semesta

 Jadi Teori menjadi

SANGAT PENTING

Nilai (etika) Pengetahuan Perilaku Peradaban

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

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Belajar TEKNIK akuntansi tanpa belajar TEORI

AKUNTANSI sama saja seperti manusia yang hanyahidup (teknik) tanpa tahu mengapa ia hidup(tujuan).

“Mati” sebelum mati 

Akuntansi tanpa pemahaman akanteori yang melandasinya akan

“menyesatkan” 

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

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 Jadi... Bagaimanakahbisnis yang etis?

 Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya