UN humanitarian presentation west bank jerusalem: dec 2010

UNITED NATIONS

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

occupied Palestinian territory

HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010

West Bank including East Jerusalem Humanitarian Overview, June 2010

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West Bank Key IssuesShrinking Space for Palestinians

• Restricted access in Area C and East Jerusalem

House Demolition, Settler Violence

• Access and Movement Restrictions and recent

movement easings

• Fragmentation of the West Bank

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West Bank Overview

Greenline

West Bank: 5,600 km2

Palestinian Built-up areas Population: 2,350,583PCBS Census 2007Israeli settlementsapprox. 149 settlements,100 outpostsPopulation: Approx. 500,000

Oslo A & B

WEST BANK

Area C

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HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010December 2009Restricting Space: The Planning Regime Applied by Israel in Area C of the West Bank

Restricting space in area C of the West Bank

• Area C: 60% of West Bank

• Land Reserves for Urban Expansion and Infrastructure.

• Palestinian construction prohibited in 70% of Area C and restricted in 29%

• Only 1% of Area C planned for Palestinian development

• Population: est. 150,000

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House Demolitions

Area C:• 200 demolitions a year (av.)• > 3,000 pending ordersEast Jerusalem• 100 demolitions a year (av.)• > 1,500 pending orders• > 60,000 vulnerable

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19872005

Jerusalem – Restricted space BARRIER

ConstructedUnder constructionPlanned

E1 project

Palestinian built-up areaSettlement

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Shrinking Space for Palestinians in E. Jerusalem

• Restrictive planning• Restrictive permit

regime• Shortfall of about

1,100 HU/year

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East Jerusalem,

Silwan-Al Bustan

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East Jerusalem, Sheikh Jarrah• Settler attempts to take over land for expansion/ new settlements.

• Land/property expropriated by court order, in contravention of international law.

• Plans to build over 540 residential units and public/commercial buildings for settlers.

• About 70 Palestinian residents were so far forcibly evicted (2009-2010)

• Estimated 500 at risk of displacement

Al-Kurd

Ghawi

OCHA Office

HannounKubbania Um

Haroun

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East Jerusalem

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Displacement in 2009 & 20102009 Adults Children Total

East Jerusalem 151 149 300

*Eviction from Sheikh Jarrah 53

Area C 152 167 319

303 316 673January–December 2010:

2010 Adults Children Total

East Jerusalem 28 34 62

*Eviction from Sheikh Jarrah 14

Area C 191 202 393

219 236 569

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Settler Violence“Price tag” strategy since

2007• Jan-Nov. 2010: Incidents

leading to casualties & property damage:

up 450 from 320 in the same period in 2009

Impunity: lack of law enforcement

• 92% of 600 cases monitored by Yesh Din between 2005- 4/2010 closed

Susiya South Hebron/ BTselem

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Settler related violence incidents trend

182

243

395

352

450

15.2 20.3 32.9 29.3 40.9

0

100

200

300

400

500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

YearMonthly Average

117%Increase since

2006

Last update: December 2010

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2009 Settler relatedincidents by governorate

Three governorates represent 75% of incidents

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South HebronShattered tombstone in Awarta, January 2010. photo: B'Tselem

Hawara Mosque, April 14, 2010 Jinsafout, 16.04.2010 /AP

Intimidation & harassment

Physical AssaultProperty DamageMosque VandalismCemetery

VandalismSettler

Violence

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Access and Movement:Multi-layered system of restrictions

• Checkpoints & roadblocks• Barrier and ‘Seam Zone’• Restricted roads• Closed military areas (Firing Zones)

• Nature reserves• Israeli settlements• Administrative restrictions

Shrinking Space, Displacement

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Closures in the West Bank

Greenline

CheckpointsTrenches / EarthwallsRoad BarrierRoad GatesRoadblocksEarthmounds

Roads

WEST BANK

PARTIAL CHECKPOINT An established checkpoint operating periodically.

CHECKPOINTSA barrier manned by IDF

and/or Border Police.

ROAD GATESA metal gate, often manned by IDF, to control movement along roads.

ROAD BLOCKSA series of 1 metre high concrete blocks used to obstruct vehicle access.

EARTHMOUNDSA mound of rubble, dirt and/or rocks used to obstruct vehicle access.

TRENCHES A ditch used to prevent vehicle crossing. Total of 33.6 km

ROAD BARRIERS

Road barriers alongside major roads to prevent movement across the roads.Total of 125 km

D D D

EARTH WALLS

A continuous wall or series of earth mounds.

DDDD

CheckpointsTrenches / EarthwallsEarthmoundsRoad BarrierRoadblocksRoad Gates

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Number of Closures

CHECKPOINTSA barrier manned by IDF and/or Border Police.

PARTIAL CHECKPOINTSAn established checkpoint operating periodically.

ROAD GATESA metal gate, often manned by IDF, to control movement along roads.

ROADBLOCKSA series of 1 metre high concrete blocks used to obstruct vehicle access.

EARTHMOUNDSA mound of rubble, dirt and/or rocks used to obstruct vehicle access.

65

23

115

70

164

TRENCHES A ditch used to prevent vehicle crossing.

ROAD BARRIERS

Road barriers placed alongside major roads prevent movement across the roads.

EARTH WALLS A continuous wall or series of earth mounds used to restrict access.

10

46

20

In total 513 closuresAs of 1 December 2010

Flying CheckpointsAverage: 2009 65 2010 91

DDDD

D D D

As of December 2010

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Closure Trend

Number of West Bank Closures

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

376533

AMA

A 36% increase since AMA was signed

471

625

533561 569

396

Disengagement

PalestinianElections Annapolis

614

HamasTake-over

Aug 05 Nov 05 Jan 06 Oct 06 Oct 07 Jan 08 March 09 June 09 Feb ’10 Dec ‘10

550 513

18 % decrease since March 09

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Other Closures

• 123 obstacles in Hebron City (H2)• 64 Barrier gates• 8 Green Line checkpoints

* Not included in OCHA closure count (Dec. 2010)

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Easing of movement between urban centers

• Removal of obstacles

• Shifting permanent checkpoints

into partial

• Ad hoc checks

• Lifting some permit requirements

Yet - Key routes remain blocked

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Movements and Access Easings since 2009

Atara became a partial Checkpoint, 1 July 2009

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Easing of movement between urban centers

Removal of obstacles

Dismantled Earthmound in Sinjil - Ramallah Dismantled Partial checkpoint Nwemeh- Jericho

Ad hoc checks at staffed

checkpoints

•Lifting/easing some permit requirements Yet - Key routes remain

blocked

Bet El Checkpoint - RamallahTunnels checkpoint on road 60

Atara Checkpoint, 1 July 2009

•Shifting permanent checkpoints into

partial

Huwara April 2010

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Alternative roads: Biddu sunken road

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Tunnel – Entry to Sunken road

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Expanded Enav checkpoint

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Western Ramallah Fragmentation

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No improvement in access to

• Areas isolated by the Barrier (inc.

East Jerusalem)

• The Jordan Valley

• Land in the vicinity of settlements

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The Jordan Valley

Access to, and land use within the eastern strip remained restricted

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YitavYitav

Ma’aleh Efraim

Ma’aleh Efraim

Hamra

Hamra

Tayyasir

Tayyasir

The Jordan Valley

• Access tightly controlled by checkpoints

• Entry of private vehicles restricted

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Access to land in the vicinity of Israeli settlements remained limited

South Hebron

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Construction of Barrier in the West Bank

Started in June 2002 after an escalation of suicide bombings- issue is the route

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The Barrier

WEST BANK

Constructed61.4% (434 km)

Under Construction8.4% (60 km)

Planned30.2% (213 km)

Green Line

Total Length: 707 kmWithin the West Bank 85%

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Closed Area Communities• 7,800 people in closed

areas• “Permanent Resident”

PermitsWhen route completed:• 85% of the completed route

will be in the WB• 33,200 will live in closed

areas”• 125,000 surrounded / 3

sidesAccess problems

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Qalqilia Jayyous

Miles0 21

55

ACTIVATELAYERS

Habla Tunnel

Road 55

Jayyus’ Land

Water wells

Green Line

West Bank BarrierConstructedPlanned

Dismantled

PalestinianBuilt-up

IsraeliSettlements

Barrier Gates

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Barrier related: • Access to services• Communities & land “dislocated” by

Barrier In addition:• Evictions, Demolitions• Residency rights• Poor living conditions

Displacement

East Jerusalem: Key Humanitarian Concerns

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East Jerusalem Access

Qalandiya

Olives

Gilo

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Restricted Access

Al-Ram/East Jerusalem – Formal commercial area

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•All Jerusalem ID holders / West Bank and Gaza residents

•Permits & access for West Bank patients, staff & ambulances to East Jerusalem hospitals

•Problems of access for Jerusalem residents who live outside Barrier

•Access problems within East Jerusalem due to ambulance escorts (ICRC/PRCS/MADA agreement)

•Access to West Bank/Jerusalem hospitals for dislocated communities

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Access to Education

• Permits & access for West Bank teachers /students to Jerusalem

• Classroom shortage in Municipal system / Demolition / sealing of Al Waqf schools

• Estimated 5-10,000 pupils not enrolled / high dropout rate

• Access to West Bank/Jerusalem schools for dislocated communities

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Residency rights

• Revocation of social benefits & Jerusalem ID cards

• Family reunification

• Registration of children

• Municipal boundary vs. Barrier boundary

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‘Dislocated’ communities & isolated land

• West Bank Palestinian communities on ‘Jerusalem’ side of Barrier

• East Jerusalem communities on ‘West Bank’ side of the Barrier

• West Bank communities severed from their previously close ties to Jerusalem

• West Bank land isolated on ‘Jerusalem side’ of Barrier

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Areas A and B (Oslo Accords)Areas C

149 Israeli settlements,100 outposts and land cultivated by Israelis

Israeli military closed areas (Fire Zones) and 48 military bases

Nature Reserves

West Bank Barrier and Areas between the Barrier and the Green Line

Restricted Roads

Closures and Checkpoints

The effect of the closures and the road system

Fragmentation of the West Bank

Tunnels(As of September 2008)

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Israeli annexation into JerusalemIDF closure of Dead Sea coast line (32 Km)Israeli settlements (19), Israeli pop. 86,000Area C (66%) – full Israeli controlIsraeli military closed areas (40% of the governorate and 60% of Area C)Nature Reserves (19.4%)Bypass roadsIsraeli settlement outposts (16)Barrier – constructed & under constructionBarrier - PlannedClosures : checkpoints and obstacles (29)Settlement expansion

The Shrinking Space of Bethlehem GovernorateGovernorate comprised of approximately 658 square KmPotential sites for development of Bethlehem tourism if Israeli measures lifted Mar Saba

Dead SeaHusanBedouin Life

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ConclusionsFor Humanitarian and/or

full economic recovery there is a need to:

• Lift Access restrictions• Establish Palestinian

Control over Space & Resources.

• Barrier on 1967 Green Line

Bethlehem Barrier Crossing 2008

UN humanitarian presentation west bank jerusalem: dec 2010

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