Humanitarian Situation and Response Kachin Dec 2011 OCHA

8/3/2019 Humanitarian Situation and Response Kachin Dec 2011 OCHA

1/13

Mzlgobxgvbgo [bxzgxbno gohzlgobxgvbgo [bxzgxbno gohVj{yno{j Yego bo Dgkmboj{yno{j Yego bo Dgkmbo

7; Hjkjlfjv 6977; Hjkjlfjv 6977


2/136

Bohbkgxnv Lrgolgv Dgkmbo

Ynyzegxbno 6:%9=2%201 -L"%

61%8:=%8;6 -A"%

:7%:8=%89= -Xnxge"

102%;07 -L"

09;%2:8 -A"

7%;=;%;6: -Xnxge"

Yvnynvxbno na ynyzegxbno pbxm gk,

kj{{ xn go blyvnqjh hvbodbo` pg,

xjv {nzvkj

=6/;;

12/8:

=2/;9

=2/89

Ljg{ej{ qgkkbogxbno vgxj 29/0*

=6/;*

==/9*

1:/9*

Zohjv,abqj {jqjvj lgeozxvbxbno

-pjb`mx anv mjb`mx"

2/8 2/9

Ozlfjv na mjgexm pnvdanvkj

-ljhbkge hnkxnv% ozv{j% lbhpbaj"

:/9; yjv 79%999 yjnyej 2/98 yjv 79%999 yjnyej

Xnxge ajvxbebxr vgxj 6/9; kmbehvjo yjv pnlgo

7/2 kmbehvjo yjv pnlgo

6/6; kmbehvjo yjv pnlgo

Lgxjvoge lnvxgebxr vgxbn ;71.799%999

689.799%999

7=9.799%999

Zohjv,abqj lnvxgebxr vgxj 00.7999 -6990"

07.7999

81/7.7999

11.7999 -699;,8"

60/89.7999

Knqjvg`j na goxjogxge kgvj =;/7 02/89[dbeejh fbvxm gxxjohgokj vgxj 18/6

09/1

:7/69

Yn{x,ogxge kgvj knqjvg`j

-avjwzjokr"

:/8 :

Gfnvxbno Noj,xmbvh na gee hjebqjvbj{ Jwzgeer mb`m

Knlyvjmjo{bqj knvvjkx donpejh`j

na MBQ.GBH[ -glno` ynyzegxbno

g`jh 7:,68 rjgv{"

26/7 29/1

Fg{bk Bohbkgxnv{ bo Lrgolgv goh Dgkmbo [xgxj

[nzvkj{3 Mjgexm Lgog`jljox Boanvlgxbno [r{xjl -MLB["% LnM% 69924 Lrgolgv lzexbyej bohbkgxnv Kez{xjv {zvqjr

-LBK["% 6992,794 Boxj`vgxjh Mnz{jmneh Ebqbo` knohbxbno [zvqjr bo Lrgolgv% 6992,794 Ajvxbebxr goh VjyvnhzkxbqjMjgexm [zvqjr -AVM["% 69904 Ogxbnopbhj Zohjv : Lnvxgebxr [zvqjr% ZOBKJA.HnM% 699;,84 VM Ojjh{ G{{j{{ljox%

7222/


3/13;

Fjxpjjo Czoj goh Onqjlfjv 6977% xmj vj{zlyxbno

na xmj gvljh knoaebkx bo Dgkmbo [xgxj vj{zexjh bo xmj

hb{yegkjljox na go j{xblgxjh ;9,89%999 gkvn{{ xmj

{xgxj goh bo xmj onvxmjvo ynvxbno na [mgo {xgxj/ Na

xmj{j% {nlj 79%999 Boxjvogeer Hb{yegkjh Yjv{no{-BHY{" gvj enkgxjh bo azeer gkkj{{bfej xnpo{ na Lrbx,

drbog% Pgbo`lgp% Fmgln% Lgo{b% Lnlgzd goh

[mpj`z/ [nlj -ln{xer enkge" ygvxojv{ hn mgqj {nlj

hj`vjj na gkkj{{ xn ynyzegxbno bo nxmjv enkgxbno{%

fzx bo{jkzvbxr% en`b{xbk{ goh nxmjv knokjvo{ knl,

ynzoh xmj gfbebxr xn vj`zegver g{{j{{ ojjh{ goh yvn,

qbhj lzkm ojjhjh g{{b{xgokj xn g {b`obabkgox ynvxbno

na xmj ynyzegxbno vjynvxjher gaajkxjh/

Pmbe{x xmj {bxzgxbno bo Dgkmbo goh xmj onvxmjvo ynv,

xbno na [mgo [xgxj b{ gevjghr na knokjvo% goh pmbe{x

jaanvx{ gvj lghj xn oj`nxbgxj go joh xn xmj knoaebkx%gqgbegfej boanvlgxbno bohbkgxj xmgx% zoanvxzogxjer%

bo{jkzvbxr knoxbozj{ xn yvjqgbe% goh xmgx xmj ozlfjv

na BHY{ knoxbozj{ xn bokvjg{j gkvn{{ xmj joxbvj ga,

ajkxjh gvjg/ Ygvxojv{ mgqj geln{x j}mgz{xjh gee vj,

{nzvkj{ gqgbegfej% goh xmjvjanvj hjkbhjh xn zohjv,

xgdj g yegoobo` j}jvkb{j pmbkm bokezhj{ go goger{b{

na g{{b{xgokj yvnqbhjh xn hgxj% `gy{ bhjoxbabjh% goh

Boxvnhzkxbno

ghhbxbnoge vj{nzvkj{ vjwzbvjh anv xmj yvnqb{bno na

ebaj,{gqbo` vjebja g{{b{xgokj xn g yvncjkxjh kg{jengh

na :9%999 yjv{no{ gaajkxjh xn {nlj hj`vjj fr xmj

no`nbo` bo{xgfbebxr/ Ygvxojv{ j{xblgxjh xmgx {zkm

g{{b{xgokj pnzeh fj vjwzbvjh jqjo ba xmj {bxzgxbno

pg{ xn onvlgebsj bo xmj knlbo` pjjd{% g{ ln{x na

xmj BHY{ en{x xmjbv yn{{j{{bno{ goh mgqj en{x xmjbv

{nzvkj{ na ebqjebmnnh% goh {nkbge {jvqbkj{ pnzeh xgdj

{nlj xblj xn fjknlj g`gbo azeer azokxbnoge/ Xmb{

hnkzljox knokjoxvgxj{ no xmj blljhbgxj vjebja

vjwzbvjljox{% pmbe{x ghhbxbnoge hb{kz{{bno goh yego,

obo` b{ `nbo` xn fj vjwzbvjh xn ennd boxn eno`jv,xjvl

vjknqjvr boxjvqjoxbno{/

Xmj ZO Mzlgobxgvbgo Knnvhbogxnv% no fjmgea na xmj

mzlgobxgvbgo knllzobxr% vjbxjvgxjh bo {jqjvge nk,

kg{bno{ xmj vjghboj{{ na ZO goh O@N{ bo yvnqbhbo`

g{{b{xgokj xn gee xmn{j bo ojjh/ Xmb{ vj{zexjh bo xmj

@nqjvoljox'{ boqbxgxbno% bo [jyxjlfjv 6977% xn gee

boxjvj{xjh g`jokbj{ xn kgvvr nzx g ojjh{ g{{j{{ljox

bo Lrbxdrbog% Pgbo`lgp% Fmgln% Lgo{b% Lnlgzd

goh [mpj`z/ Ghqnkgkr anv azee gkkj{{ xn gee xmj hb{,

yegkjh ynyzegxbno vjwzbvj{ azvxmjv hb{kz{{bno pbxm

gee ygvxbj{/ Xmb{ b{ na ygvxbkzegv knokjvo g{ xmj kno,

aebkx vj,boxjo{babjh bo Nkxnfjv 6977% xmj hb{yegkj,

ljox {bxzgxbno b{ ebdjer xn fj azvxmjv yvnxvgkxjh% goh

g`jokbj{ mgqj lnfbebsjh gee j}b{xbo` {xnkd{ goh

azoh{ gqgbegfej goh mgqj on lnvj fzaajv vj{nzvkj{xn knoxbozj kgvvrbo` nzx jqjo fg{bk g{{b{xgokj bo

gkkj{{bfej gvjg{ goh anv go j}xjohjh yjvbnh na xblj/

Kzvvjox [bxzgxbnoBo{xgfbebxr bo Dgkmbo goh [mgo [xgxj{ vj{xgvxjh bo

jgver Czoj 6977 goh vj{zexjh bo xmj hb{yegkjljox na

ynyzegxbno{% en{{ na ebqj{ goh ebqjebmnnh{ goh hgl,

g`j{ xn boavg{xvzkxzvj/ Aneenpbo` g @nqjvoljox boqb,

xgxbno% go boxjv,g`jokr vgybh ojjh{ g{{j{{ljox pg{

knohzkxjh avnl 69,61 [jyxjlfjv bo ;2 enkgxbno{ bo


4/138


5/13:

{nlj BHY{ {bxj{ -kgly{% mn{x aglbebj{% yzfebk fzbeh,

bo`{" na abqj xnpo{mby{ -Fmgln% Lnlgzd% Lrbxdr,

bog% Dmgzo`egomyz goh Pgbo`lgp" xgv`jxbo` :%26:

BHY{/ Xpn xnpo{mby{ Lgo{b goh [mpj`z knzeh onx

fj g{{j{{jh hzj xn {jkzvbxr knokjvo{/ Na xmj g{,

{j{{jh fjojabkbgvbj{% {nlj 8* pjvj qzeojvgfej% fj,

{bhj{ xmjvj pjvj :1* kmbehvjo zohjv 7= rjgv{ na

g`j% 70* na kmbehvjo zohjv : goh 76/:* ajlgej nv

kmbeh mjghjh BHY aglbebj{/Gexmnz`m ab`zvj{ na hb{yegkjh ynyzegxbno knoxbozj

xn aezkxzgxj goh gvj vjynvxjher bokvjg{bo` no g hgber

fg{b{% bx b{ kzvvjoxer j{xblgxjh xmgx fjxpjjo ;:%999

goh 89%999 BHY{ lgr mgqj ejax xmjbv mnlj{ goh

{nz`mx vjaz`j bo kgly{% pbxm avbjoh{ goh vjegxbqj{

nv boxn xmj anvj{x gkvn{{ xmj gaajkxjh vj`bno/ G{ go

bohbkgxbno na xmj vgybher bokvjg{bo` kg{jengh% gkknvh,

bo` xn xmj Dgkmbo [xgxj gzxmnvbxbj{% fjxpjjo [jy,

xjlfjv goh xmj joh na Onqjlfjv 6977% xmj ozlfjv

na BHY{ ebqbo` bo Lrbxdrbog% Pgbo`lgp% Fmgln%

Lgo{b% Lnlgzd goh [mpj`z mg{ bokvjg{jh avnl

:%299 xn 79%999 BHY{/ Gkvn{{ gee gaajkxjh gvjg{%

gqgbegfej gefjbx onx bohjyjohjoxer qjvbabjh , boanv,

lgxbno bohbkgxj xmgx% bo xmj {glj yjvbnh% xmj ozl,

fjv na hb{yegkjh yg{{jh avnl 69%999 xn ;:,89%999

yjv{no{/

Yegoobo` g{{zlyxbno{

Pmbe{x xmj {bxzgxbno bo Dgkmbo goh xmj onvxmjvo ynv,

xbno na [mgo [xgxj b{ gevjghr na knokjvo% goh pmbe{x

Fj{xkg{j{kjogvbn

Ln{xebdjer[kjogvbn

Pnv{xkg{j

[kjogvbn

Knvj Jejljox{ Yegoobo` g{{zlyxbno{

[jkzvbxr knohbxbno{ gvj vj,

j{xgfeb{mjh% ynyzegxbno

yvn`vj{{bqjer vjxzvo{ xn

qbeeg`j{ na nvb`bo/

Hb{yegkjljox yvn`vj{{bqjer hjkvjg{j{% jqjo ba qzeojvgfej `vnzy{ knoxbozj xn

vjlgbo bo enkgxbno na hb{yegkjljox zoxbe {nkbge {jvqbkj{ gvj azeer vj,

j{xgfeb{mjh -j{yjkbgeer {xzhjox{"

G{{b{xgokj vjwzbvjljox{ {mbax avnl ebaj,{gqbo`% vjebja xn vjknqjvr boxjvqjoxbno{%

bokezhbo` vjyegkbo` en{x g{{jx{ goh ebqjebmnnh goh vj,j{xgfeb{mljox na fg{bk

{jvqbkj{/ Knokjvo{ nqjv yvj{jokj na zoj}yenhjh nvhogokj{ goh egohlboj{

vjwzbvj gxxjoxbno/

Xvgo{ynvx% jejkxvbkbxr yvn`vj{{bqjer vjxzvo xn onvlge% boxjvqjoxbno{ vjwzbvjh xn

vjygbv hglg`j{/

Gkkj{{ xn gee gaajkxjh gvjg{ yn{{bfej% vj,{xgvxbo` na eno`,xjvl yvn`vgllbo`.

boxjvqjoxbno{% j{yjkbgeer fr enkge ygvxojv{ pbxm pjee j{xgfeb{mjh yvj{jokj%

pbxm boxjvogxbnoge {zyynvx/

Bo{jkzvbxr knoxbozj{ xn

yvjqgbe% bokezhbo` {ynvghbk

gxxgkd{ bo xgv`jxjh enkg,

xbno{ na zvfgo gvjg{ goh no

boavg{xvzkxzvj% lgdbo` gk,

kj{{ goh xvgo{ynvx na

`nnh{ lnvj hbaabkzex

Hb{yegkjljox bokvjg{j{ goh vjgkmj{ zy xn :9%999 yjv{no{% bokezhbo` bo {nlj

ojp enkgxbno{ jbxmjv bo kgly{.{bxj{.mn{x aglbebj{ bo zvfgo gvjg{ nv bo xmj

czo`ej/ [nlj BHY{ j{yjkbgeer xmn{j pbxm vjegxbqj{ bo Kmbog , knoxbozj gx,xjlyxbo` kvn{{bo` xmj fnvhjv xn {jjd vjaz`j xbee xmj {bxzgxbno onvlgebsj{/

[nlj BHY{ agkj hbaabkzexbj{ bo vjgkmbo` gvjg{ pmjvj g{{b{xgokj b{ yvnqbhjh/

Ozlfjv na BHY{ knoxbozj{ xn aezkxzgxj g{ ynyzegxbno pbee vjxzvo fgkd xn

xmjbv qbeeg`j{ g{ {nno g{ xmj {bxzgxbno hj,j{kgegxj{/

BHY{ {zhhjoer aejjbo` xmjbv qbeeg`j{ ebdjer xn j}yjvbjokj en{{ na g{{jx{ goh ebqjeb,

mnnh/ [jygvgxbno na aglbebj{ ebdjer xn nkkzv/

Bo gaajkxjh qbeeg`j{% fg{bk {jvqbkj{% bokezhbo` yvblgvr mjgexm kgvj goh jhzkgxbno

{zaajv hb{vzyxbno{/ Mjgexm {xgaa goh xjgkmjv{ gvj hb{yegkjh xn`jxmjv pbxm

xmj vj{x na xmj qbeeg`j ynyzegxbno/ Yn{{bfbebxr anv hglg`j{ goh en{{ na g{{jx{

bo {kmnne{ goh mjgexm kjoxjv{/ [xgaa knoxbozj{ yvnqbhbo` {jvqbkj{ bo kgly{.

{bxj{% goh pbee vjxzvo xn qbeeg`j{ nokj xmj {bxzgxbno onvlgebsj{/

Xvgo{ynvx% jejkxvbkbxr ebdjer xn fj hb{vzyxjh/ Gbv xvgqje knoxbozj{ xn fj yn{{bfej/Bobxbgeer% ygvxojv{ knoxbozj xn mgqj gkkj{{ xn BHY{ bo Lrbxdrbog% Pgbo`lgp%

Fmgln% Lgo{b% Lnlgzd goh [mpj`z% goh eblbxjh gkkj{{ xn nxmjv gvjg{

-ln{xer yn{{bfej anv enkge ygvxojv{ pbxm pjee j{xgfeb{mjh yvj{jokj"/ Yvn,

`vj{{bqj nyjobo` na gkkj{{ xn gee gvjg{/

Bo{jkzvbxr j{kgegxj{ goh

gaajkx{ pbhjv gvjg{% lgdbo`

xvgo{ynvx lnvj hbaabkzex%

{jvbnz{er mglyjvbo` gkkj{{

xn ynyzegxbno bo ojjh

Ozlfjv na gaajkxjh ynyzegxbno bokvjg{j{ hvglgxbkgeer g{ hb{vzyxbno na fg{bk

{jvqbkj{% {zyyebj{ xn lgvdjx{% xvgo{ynvx goh jejkxvbkbxr b{ vjknvhjh/ Ynyzeg,

xbno pbee mgqj j}xvjljer eblbxjh nyxbno{ xn aejj qbnejokj/

Gkkj{{ xn ynyzegxbno bo ojjh hjkvjg{j{ g{ {nlj ygvxojv{ hjkbhj xn vjenkgxj

goh nyjvgxj vjlnxjer/ Enkge nv`gobsgxbno{ knoxbozj xn kgvvr nzx gkxbqbxbj{%

gefjbx pbxm mb`mjv vb{d{/ Yn{{bfbebxr na kvn{{,fnvhjv nyjvgxbno{ avnl Kmbog/

Yvn`vj{{bqj bokvjg{j bo lnvxgebxr goh lgeozxvbxbno/


6/131

jaanvx{ gvj lghj xn oj`nxbgxj go joh xn xmj kzvvjox

bo{xgfbebxr% gqgbegfej boanvlgxbno bohbkgxj xmgx% zo,

anvxzogxjer% bo{jkzvbxr knoxbozj{ xn yvjqgbe% goh xmgx

xmj ozlfjv na BHY{ knoxbozj{ xn bokvjg{j gkvn{{ xmj

joxbvj gaajkxjh gvjg/ G{ {zkm% ygvxojv{ hjkbhjh xn

zohjvxgdj g yegoobo` j}jvkb{j pmbkm bokezhj{ xmj

jegfnvgxbno na {kjogvbn{ anv yegoobo` yzvyn{j{/

Xmvjj {kjogvbn{ goh vjegxjh mzlgobxgvbgo kno{j,

wzjokj{ pjvj bhjoxbabjh -fj{x% ln{x ebdjer goh pnv{xkg{j"

Ygvxojv{ hjkbhjh xn z{j g yegoobo` ab`zvj na :9%999

yjv{no{ pmbkm pnzeh ojjh ebaj{gqbo` vjebja g{{b{,

xgokj anv g yjvbnh na {b} lnoxm{/ Xgdbo` boxn kno{bh,

jvgxbno xmj vj{zex{ na xmj [jyxjlfjv vgybh {zvqjr%

xmj j{xblgxjh ozlfjv na yjv{no{ pbxm {yjkbge ojjh{

goh gkzxjer qzeojvgfej yjnyej knzeh vjgkm 6%970%

fj{bhj{ 60%=1: zohjv 7= rjgv{ na g`j% =%866 kmbe,

hvjo fjenp : rjgv{ goh 1%6:= ajlgej nv kmbeh

mjghjh BHY aglbebj{/ Knoxboznz{ lnobxnvbo` na xmj

{bxzgxbno% bokezhbo` boanvlgxbno no hb{yegkjljox%bhjoxbabkgxbno na `gy{ bo g{{b{xgokj% g{ pjee g{ ozxvb,

xbnoge goh mjgexm {zvqjbeegokj% gvj pgvvgoxjh% xn

jo{zvj gyyvnyvbgxj vj{yno{j xn jljv`bo` ojjh{/

Xmj Dgkmbo [xgxj @nqjvoljox% enkge Ono,

@nqjvoljoxge Nv`gobsgxbno{ -O@N{"% knllzobxr,

fg{jh nv`gobsgxbno{ -KFN{"% Agbxm,Fg{jh Nv`gobsg,

xbno{ -AFN{"% pbxm xmj {zyynvx na Zobxjh Ogxbno{-ZO" g`jokbj{ goh boxjvogxbnoge O@N{ mgqj fjjo

yvnqbhbo` {nlj g{{b{xgokj xn xmj BHY{ {bokj Czoj/ Bo

`jojvge% hzj xn jg{bjv gkkj{{bfbebxr goh xmj yvj{jokj

na g egv`jv ozlfjv na g`jokbj{% BHY{ bo Lrbxdrbog

G{{b{xgokj yvnqb{bno ! yvbnvbxbj{

goh Pgbo`lgp mgqj fjjo vjkjbqbo` lnvj g{{b{,

xgokj xmgo xmn{j bo Fmgln goh Lnlgzd% pmbkm bo

xzvo gvj vjynvxjher fjxxjv naa xmgo xmn{j bo gvjg{

pmbkm gvj onx azeer gkkj{{bfej/ Hjxgbe{ na g{{b{xgokj

yvnqbhjh goh `gy{ gvj gqgbegfej bo xmj {jkxnvge

goger{b{/

Pmbe{x ygvxojv{ gvj hnzfebo` jaanvx{ goh z{j gee

gqgbegfej vj{nzvkj{ xn vj{ynoh xn xmj ojjh{ na ga,ajkxjh yjnyej% lnvj {zyynvx b{ vjwzbvjh xn knoxbozj

kgvvrbo` nzx fg{bk boxjvqjoxbno{% j{yjkbgeer xn enkge

ygvxojv{ pmbkm mgqj fjjo xmj yvblgvr vj{ynohjox

fnxm bo xjvl{ na xjkmobkge j}yjvxb{j% lgxjvbge{ goh

azohbo`/

ANNH [JKZVBXR ! EBQJEBMNNH -Agkbebxgxnv3

PAY"

[bokj Gz`z{x 6977% bo qbjp na knokjvo{ nqjv xmj kg,

ygkbxr na BHY{ {jea,{z{xjogokj nqjv annh yvnqb{bno%PAY {xgvxjh hb{xvbfzxbo` fg{bk annh bxjl{ -Dkge

6%799.yjv{no.hgr bokezhbo` vbkj% yze{j{% nbe goh

{gex" xn ynyzegxbno bo kgly{.{bxj{ bo Lrbxdrbog%

Pgbo`lgp% Fmgln% Lgo{b% Lnlgzd goh [mpj`z

jbxmjv xmvnz`m hbvjkx blyejljoxgxbno nzv xmvnz`m

O@N{ knnyjvgxbo` ygvxojv{% bokezhbo` DL[[% [mgenl

goh Pnveh Qb{bno/ [nlj nxmjv nv`gobsgxbno{ mgqj

hjebqjvjh avj{m annh bxjl{ xn knlyejxj xmj hgber

boxgdj/ Pmbe{x {nlj knokjvo{ j}b{x nqjv gkkj{{bfbebxr

xn knlyejljoxgvr annh -kzvvr% kmbebj{% qj`jxgfej{%

ljgx% jxk"% bo xmj gfnqj,ljoxbnojh gvjg{ nv`gobsg,xbno{ boqneqjh bo ozxvbxbnoge yvn`vgllj{ hn onx

bohbkgxj% xmz{ agv% gor knokjvo{ pbxm vj`gvh{ xn xmj

ozxvbxbnoge {xgxz{ na xmj ynyzegxbno/ Annh {jkzvbxr bo

kgly{.{bxj{ g{{b{xjh fr PAY goh ygvxojv{ b{ {xgfej

fzx yvjkgvbnz{% hzj xn xmj mjgqr vjebgokj no annh

[jkxnv G{{b{xgokj Yvnqbhjh xn g{{j{{jh gvjg{

Annh Gbh 699 ljxvbk xno{ -PAY"

Ebqjebmnnh{

OAB Gyyvn}blgxjer ;/999 fg{bk goh knlyejljoxgvr OAB dbx{[mjexjv 61: MM mnz{bo` {ygkj{ zohjv kno{xvzkxbno xn mn{x 7%;6: yjnyej

Kgly Knnvhbogxbno

goh Kgly Lgog`j,

ljox -KKKL"

Xvgbobo`{ bo Lrbxdrbog goh Pgbo`lgp

Mjgexm Mjgexm g{{b{xgokj goh hb{xvbfzxbno na fjh ojx{ xn BHY{ bo xnpo{

PG[M Yvnqb{bno na pgxjv yzvbabkgxbno lgxjvbge% pgxjv knoxgbojv{ goh kno{xvzkxbno na

egxvboj{ bo knoabvljh BHY kgly{

Jhzkgxbno Xjlynvgvr ejgvobo` {ygkj{ goh {kmnne lgxjvbge xn hb{yegkjh yvblgvr {xzhjox{

Yvnxjkxbno Kmbeh Yvnxjkxbno Xvgbobo { goh yvnqb{bno na 779 kmbeh avbjoher {ygkj dbx{


7/130

g{{b{xgokj goh lboblge gqgbegfbebxr na gexjvogxbqj

knyrbo` ljkmgob{l{/

Avnl go bobxbge kg{jengh na ;%199 bo Gz`z{x% PAY,

{zyynvxjh g{{b{xgokj xn BHY{ bo Dgkmbo `vghzgeer

bokvjg{jh% goh yego{ gvj bo yegkj xn g{{b{x% anv xmj

lnoxm na Hjkjlfjv% g kg{jengh na 2%769 fjojabkbgv,

bj{ bo lgbo zvfgo gvjg{/ Ken{j xn 699 ljxvbk xno{ na

annh mgqj fjjo hb{xvbfzxjh {n agv/ Xmb{ vj{yno{jmgh fjjo hnoj {n agv hbqjvxbo` vj{nzvkj{ bo xmj PAY

ybyjeboj xn ljjx xmj ojjh{ xvb``jvjh fr xmj {bxzg,

xbno bo Dgkmbo% gefjbx gx xmj j}yjo{j na {nlj nxmjv

yegoojh gkxbqbxbj{ bo xmj vj`bno goh bo nxmjv ygvx{ na

xmj knzoxvr/

Gkknvhbo` xn xmj yegoobo` g{{zlyxbno{% pmjvjfr

{nlj :9%999 yjv{no{ pnzeh fj ojjhbo` fg{bk annh

g{{b{xgokj -azee annh fg{djx3 vbkj% yze{j{% nbe goh {gex

, fejohjh annh pmjvj goh ba vjwzbvjh" anv go ghhb,

xbnoge {b} lnoxm{% gqgbegfej vj{nzvkj{ pnzeh fj bo,{zaabkbjox xn kgxjv anv xmj{j ojjh{% goh ghhbxbnoge

j{xblgxjh Z[( 8/6 lbeebno pnzeh fj vjwzbvjh cz{x anv

fg{bk annh yvnqb{bno/ Ken{j knnvhbogxbno pbxm

Mjgexm.Ozxvbxbno {jkxnv anv g ken{j {zvqjbeegokj na

ozxvbxbnoge {xgxz{ na ynyzegxbno{ nv gor ojjh anv

ghhbxbnoge annh gbh goh fejohjh annh b{ pgvvgoxjh/

PAY mg{ xgdjo {xjy{ xn jo{zvj xmgx bx{ pgvjmnz{j{

bo xmj vj`bno gvj gepgr{ {xnkdjh gx xmjbv lg}blzl

kgygkbxr bo nvhjv xn lboblbsj yn{{bfej ybyjeboj hb{,

vzyxbno{ na {zyyer vnzxj{/ Bo ghhbxbno% gexjvogxbqj

en`b{xbk gvvgo`jljox{ anv annh goh nxmjv {zyyebj{ xnvjgkm gaajkxjh gvjg{ -xn goh pbxmbo Dgkmbo [xgxj"

gvj fjbo` vjqbjpjh% bokezhbo` go goger{b{ na gee

xvgo{ynvx ljxmnh{ -vngh% vgbepgr goh vbqjv"% goh

lg}blzl kgygkbxr na &gf{nvyxbno& na hbaajvjox knv,

vbhnv{ , bo xjvl{ na xvgo{ynvx goh {xnvg`j , b{ ge{n

fjbo` g{{j{{jh/

Fjxpjjo Onqjlfjv goh Cgozgvr agvljv{ gvj z{zgeer

boqneqjh bo yghhr mgvqj{xbo` goh pboxjv kvny{

yegoxbo`/ Mnpjqjv% g{ lgor qbeeg`jv{% agvljv{ goh

agvl egfnv{ mgqj fjjo hb{yegkjh% bx b{ ebdjer xmgx xmj

mgvqj{xbo` goh yegoxbo` pbee fj knlyvnlb{jh/Pmbe{x ZOHY mg{ fjjo {zyynvxbo` agvljv{ bo qbe,

eg`j{ pmbkm% bo lgor bo{xgokj{% gvj onp hb{yegkjh%

xmj g`jokr goh nxmjv ygvxojv{ pbee jo`g`j BHY{ bo

gexjvogxbqj ebqjebmnnh goh boknlj `jojvgxbo` gkxbqb,

xbj{/ [zkm boxjvqjoxbno{ pbee hjyjoh no ojjh{% boxjv,

j{x{ goh j}yjvbjokj na BHY{ goh nyynvxzobxr pbxm

vj`gvh{ xn egoh goh {ygkj bo xmj kgly{% fzx bo `jo,

jvge bx knzeh bokezhj qj`jxgfej `vnpbo`% {lgee ebqj,

{xnkd fvjjhbo` goh {lgee {kgej xvghbo`/

Nokj xmj {bxzgxbno onvlgebsj{% goh BHY{ vjxzvo xn

xmjbv qbeeg`j{ na nvb`bo% bx pbee xgdj xblj fjanvj xmjr

pbee fj gfej xn fj {jea,{zaabkbjox g`gbo% goh geln{x

kjvxgbo xmgx xmjbv annh {jkzvbxr {bxzgxbno pbee fj bl,

ygkxjh% g{ xmj kvny yvnhzkxbno anv 6976 b{ ebdjer xn

fj vjhzkjh/ Lnvj hb{kz{{bno{ gvj vjwzbvjh xn bhjo,

xbar gyyvnyvbgxj boxjvqjoxbno{ bo xmj ljhbzl goh

eno`jv,xjvl gbljh gx ghhvj{{bo` knllzobxbj{ vj,

{jxxejljox bo xmj yn{x,jljv`jokr ymg{j/

[MJEXJV% OAB ! KGLY LGOG@JLJOX

-Agkbebxgxnv{3 ZOMKV goh PQ"

Ono,Annh Bxjl{ -OAB"

Lgor na xmj hb{yegkjh gfgohnojh xmjbv qbeeg`j{

jlyxr mgohjh% goh% gkknvhbo` xn xmj [jyxjlfjv

g{{j{{ljox vj{zex{% hb{xvbfzxbno na ono,annh,bxjl{

-OAB{" pg{ yvbnvbxbsjh {bokj xmj no{jx na boxjvqjo,

xbno{/ G{ xmj kneh {jg{no mg{ {xgvxjh% BHY{% j{yj,

kbgeer kmbehvjo goh jehjv{% pbee ojjh pgvl kenxmj{ xn

yvnxjkx xmjl{jeqj{ avnl xmj pboxjv/ ZOMKV% ZOB,

KJA goh Pnveh Qb{bno goh nxmjv ygvxojv{ mgqj fjjo

gfej xn lnfbebsj j}b{xbo` vj{nzvkj{ goh hb{xvbfzxjh

gyyvn}blgxjer 7%299 OAB mnz{jmneh dbx{ xn hgxj/

ZOMKV goh ZOBKJA mgqj ghhbxbnoge 7%699 OAB dbx{ bo

{xnkd bo gaajkxjh enkgxbno{ anv blljhbgxj hb{xvbfz,

xbno/ Ghhbxbnogeer% ZOMKV lnfbebsjh jljv`jokr

azoh{ anv xmj yvnkzvjljox na {nlj :%:99 OAB dbx{%

pmbkm gvj j}yjkxjh xn gvvbqj bo Cgozgvr.Ajfvzgvr

6976/

G{ na fj`boobo` na Hjkjlfjv% ZOKMV mg{ gyyvn}b,

lgxjer =99 dbx{ gqgbegfej anv hb{xvbfzxbno -dbx{ avnl

ZOBKJA goh PQ mgqj gevjghr fjjo hb{xvbf,

zxjh"/ Xmb{ {xnkd pnzeh knqjv zy xn 8%999 yjnyej/

ZOMKV b{ zohjv yvnkzvjljox na ghhbxbnoge :%:99 dbx

-j{xblgxjh xblj na hjebqjvr Ajfvzgvr 6976" anv zy xn

60%:99 yjnyej/ Ba xmj ozlfjv na ynyzegxbno bo,

kvjg{j{ xn nqjv 89%999% ghhbxbnoge Z[( 7;:%999 pbee

fj ojjhjh anv gfnzx 7%:99 dbx{ -enkge goh boxjvog,

xbnoge yvnkzvjljox xgdj{ =,76 pjjd{"/

[mjexjv ! Kgly Lgog`jljoxLn{x na xmj kgly{ bo Lrbxdrbog% Fmgln% Pgbo`,

lgp% Lnlgzd goh Fmgln xnpo{mby{ enkgxjh bo

lnog{xjvbj{% kmzvkmj{% {kmnne{ gvj kvnphjh pbxm

OAB gkxbqbxbj{

Bhjoxbabkgxbno na BHY ynyzegxbno bo ojjh na OAB4

Yvnkzvjljox na OAB dbx{ -fg{bk goh knlyejljoxgvr

bxjl{"4

Knnvhbogxbno pbxm @nqjvoljox goh enkge ygvxojv{

anv yjvlbx{% en`b{xbk gvvgo`jljox{% jxk/4

Knlyejxj hb{xvbfzxbno na OAB dbx{


8/13=

ojp gvvbqge{ avnl vzvge gvjg{ goh naxjo pbxmnzx

jonz`m {ygkj.egoh xn fzbeh g {mjexjv anv jgkm agl,

ber/ Anv knndbo` yzvyn{j{% knllzobxr dbxkmjo{ pjvj

fzbex% bokezhbo` na eblbxjh gqgbegfbebxr na {ygkj/ [glj

knohbxbno{ gyyer xn nxmjv kgly{ bo xmj [xgxj/

Aneenpbo` g vjwzj{x fr xmj Dgkmbo [xgxj `nqjvo,

ljox% ZOMKV% pbxm jljv`jokr azoh{% b{ fzbehbo`

609 xjlynvgvr mnz{bo` aglber zobx{% goh mg{ kno,

hzkxjh g xmvjj,hgr Kgly Knnvhbogxbno goh KglyLgog`jljox -KKKL" xvgbobo` avnl 6: xn 60 Nkxn,

fjv xgv`jxbo` enkge gzxmnvbxbj{% O@N{% AFN{% goh

KFN{% qnezoxjjv{ goh ZO {xgaa hbvjkxer boqneqjh bo

kgly lgog`jljox gkxbqbxbj{ bo Lrbxdrbog goh

Pgbo`lgp Xnpo{mby{/

Kno{bhjvbo` xmj kzvvjox yegoobo` {kjogvbn% ygvxojv{

g`vjjh xmgx ghhbxbnoge jljv`jokr {mjexjv{ kno{xvzk,

xbno lz{x fj kno{bhjvjh noer no g kg{j,fr,kg{j fg,

{b{% goh noer anv j}xvjlj kbvkzl{xgokj{ bo qbjp na

xmj gqgbegfbebxr na nxmjv mnz{bo` gexjvogxbqj{% eblbxjh

{zyyer na xblfjv.fglfnn goh nxmjv kno{xvzkxbno{zyyebj{/ Kzvvjox ZOMKV vj{nzvkj{ pbee fj abob{mjh

fr xmj joh na xmj rjgv gaxjv xmj knlyejxbno na 609

mnz{bo` {ygkj{ kzvvjoxer zohjv kno{xvzkxbno/ Onoj,

xmjej{{% bo qbjp na egkd na yvbqgkr% nqjvkvnphbo` na

kgly{ goh {bxj{ g{ pjee g{ yvnxjkxbno knokjvo{ mb`m,

eb`mxjh bo xmj [jyxjlfjv g{{j{{ljox ojjh gxxjo,

xbno% goh ghhbxbnoge azohbo` glnzoxbo` xn Z[(

699%999 gvj zv`joxer vjwzbvjh anv xmj blyvnqjljox

na {nlj na xmj j}b{xbo` jljv`jokr {mjexjv{ -b/j/ hbqb,

{bno na aglber {ygkj{ bo knllzoge mnz{bo` kjoxjv{"%

g{ pjee g{ Z[( :9%999 anv ghhbxbnoge KKKL xvgbobo`bo nvhjv xn blyvnqj yvnxjkxbno knohbxbno{ na BHY

ynyzegxbno/ Knnvhbogxbno pbxm PG[M {jkxnv xn

knlyejljox {mjexjv kno{xvzkxbno goh yvjqjox yn{{b,

fej jljv`bo` knlyebkgxbno{ bo xjvl na {gobxgxbno%

pgxjv yvnqb{bno% jxk/ goh pbxm Jhzkgxbno {jkxnv bo

xjvl{ na gkkj{{ xn {kmnne{ anv kmbehvjo bo ojp . j},

b{xbo` BHY {jxxejljox{ b{ pgvvgoxjh/ Yjvlgojox kn,

nvhbogxbno pbxm xmj Yvnxjkxbno {jkxnv xn {jkzvj xmgx

{mjexjv goh kgly lgog`jljox boxjvqjoxbno{ gvj

gyyvnyvbgxjer vj{ynohbo` xn j}b{xbo` knokjvo{ goh

anv xmj blyejljoxgxbno na KKKL xvgbobo`/

MJGEXM.OZXVBXBNO ! PG[M -Agkbebxgxnv{3

N}agl goh ZOBKJA"

Mjgexm.Ozxvbxbno

Xmj cnbox vgybh ojjh{ g{{j{{ljox zohjvxgdjo bo

[jyxjlfjv 6977 anzoh ajp vjynvx{ na hb{jg{j nzx,

fvjgd goh on kg{j na lnvxgebxr glno` xmj hb{yegkjh

ynyzegxbno {bokj xmj vj{xgvxbo` na bo{jkzvbxr bo Czoj/

Xmj ln{x knllnoer vjynvxjh hb{jg{j{ gx xmj xblj

pjvj gkzxj vj{ybvgxnvr xvgkx boajkxbno% aneenpjh fr

{dbo hb{jg{j% lgegvbg% gkzxj `g{xvbxb{% hbgvvmjg% hr{,

joxjvr% xvgzlg goh {j}zgeer xvgo{lbxxjh hb{jg{j{/

[bokj xmj g{{j{{ljox% g{ xmj ozlfjv na BHY{ bo,

kvjg{jh goh {bxj{ fjknlj bokvjg{boèr nqjv,

kvnphjh% xmj mr`bjobk knohbxbno{ bo kgly{.{bxj{

mgqj pnv{jojh/ Ghhbxbnogeer% gkknvhbo` xn ygvxojv{%

xmj ln{x vjkjoxer j{xgfeb{mjh kgly{ gvj na enpjv

{xgohgvh% pbxm boghjwzgxj {gobxgvr goh mr`bjoj

knohbxbno{% goh naxjo enkgxjh bo vjlnxj gvjg{ pbxm

eblbxjh gkkj{{ xn fg{bk {jvqbkj{/

G{ xmj pboxjv {jg{no b{ gyyvngkmbo`% j}yn{zvj xn

{jg{noge aez pbee bokvjg{boèr fjknlj na knokjvo%

ygvxbkzegver anv xmj jehjver goh kmbehvjo/ Xmj yvjqg,

ejokj na XFK b{ mb`m bo xmj gvjg zohjv onvlge kbv,

kzl{xgokj{% goh nqjvkvnphbo` goh yvnxvgkxjh hb{,

yegkjljox pbee bokvjg{j xmj vb{d na g azvxmjv {yvjgh,

bo` na xmj hb{jg{j/ Azvxmjvlnvj% g{ xmj ebqbo` knohb,

xbno{ bo kgly{ gvj onx blyvnqbo`% {xjyybo` zy na

{zvqjbeegokj bo fnxm zvfgo goh vzvge kgly{ pbee fj,

knlj bokvjg{boèr kvbxbkge/ Yvnqb{bno na OAB goh na

pgvl kenxm{ goh fegodjx{ bo ygvxbkzegv% pbee fj kvbxb,

kge xn vjhzkj xmj yvjqgejokj na vj{ybvgxnvr beeoj{{j{/

Yvnqb{bno na ln{wzbxn ojx{ pbee fj jwzgeer blynvxgox

xn yvjqjox xmj {yvjgh na lgegvbg/ [xjyybo` zy pgxjv

goh {gobxgvr boxjvqjoxbno{ pbee fj vjwzbvjh xn lbxb,

`gxj xmj vb{d na azvxmjv nzxfvjgd{ na knllzobkgfej

hb{jg{j{/

Xmj [jyxjlfjv g{{j{{ljox vgb{jh knokjvo{ nqjv

bllzobsgxbno knqjvg`j na xmj hb{yegkjh ynyzegxbno%pmbkm b{ ygvxbkzegver gegvlbo` anv ljg{ej{ goh ynebn%

goh azvxmjv knlynzohjh fr xmj nqjvkvnphbo` na

kgly{.{bxj{/ Aneenpbo` xmj g{{j{{ljox% mjgexm naab,

kbge{ knohzkxjh g xgv`jxjh -{kvjjobo`" ljg{ej{ kgl,

ygbò na BHY{ kmbehvjo zohjv abqj rjgv{ na g`j bo gee

BHY enkgxbno{ bo Lrbxdrbog goh Pgbo`lgp/ G{ g ygvx

na xmj ogxbnoge bllzobsgxbno kglygbò {kmjhzej{

anv Lgvkm na 6976% gee zohjv abqj kmbehvjo bo xmj ga,

ajkxjh xnpo{mby{ {mnzeh vjkjbqj lzexb,goxb`jo qgk,

kbogxbno% bokezhbo` ljg{ej{% {zyyejljoxjh pbxm go

[mjexjv ! Kgly lgog`jljox gkxbqbxbj{

Bhjoxbabkgxbno na {mjexjv kno{xvzkxbno goh.nv bl,

yvnqjljox ojjh{4

Yvnkzvjljox na {mjexjv kno{xvzkxbno.blyvnqjljox

lgxjvbge{ goh gvvgo`jljox na egfnv.xjkmobkge

ojjh{4

Knnvhbogxbno pbxm `nqjvoljox goh enkge ygvxojv{

anv yjvlbx{% en`b{xbk gvvgo`jljox{% jxk/4

Kno{xvzkxbno.vjonqgxbno na jljv`jokr {mjexjv{4

KKKL xvgbobo`{ anv enkge O@N{% gzxmnvbxbj{ goh

BHY{/


9/132

ghhbxbnoge hn{j{ na qbxglbo G/ Xmj kn{x na {zkm kgl,

ygbò anv xmj gaajkxjh gvjg{ na Dgkmbo% j}kezhbo` xmj

gkxzge kn{x na xmj qgkkboj{% pnzeh glnzox xn {nlj

Z[( 79%999/Mjgexm gzxmnvbxbj{ mgqj yvnqbhjh fg{bk

mjgexm g{{b{xgokj% pbxm ZO {zyynvx% yvblgvber bo xmj

zvfgo goh yjvb,zvfgo BHY{ kgly{.{bxj{/ [yjkbgebsjh

ljhbkge O@N{ mgqj knlyejljoxjh xmb{ g{{b{xgokj

bo vjlnxj enkgxbno{/ Gexmnz`m {nlj g`jokbj{ lgr

fj gfej xn {kgej zy xmjbv j}b{xbo` g{{b{xgokj% ghhb,xbnoge vj{nzvkj{ anv fg{bk xvjgxljox goh vjajvvge

{zyynvx pbee fj vjwzbvjh xn knlyejljox goh

{xvjo`xmjo j}b{xbo` jaanvx{/ Ljhbkge {zyyebj{ gvj bo

{mnvxer {zyyer goh pbee ojjh xn fj vj{zyyebjh xn

knqjv xmj azee ynyzegxbno na :9%999 nqjv g yjvbnh na

{b} lnoxm{/ Bo nvhjv xn j{xgfeb{m g fg{bk yvblgvr

mjgexm knqjvg`j -{zvqjbeegokj% hbgòn{b{% xvjgxljox%

vjajvvge goh bllzobsgxbno" {zyynvx pnzeh ojjh xn

fj kmgoojejh xmvnz`m xmj j}b{xbo` yzfebk mjgexm {r{,

xjl% knlyejljoxjh goh gz`ljoxjh fr {yjkbgebsjh

ljhbkge nv`gobsgxbno{ pbxm xjkmobkge kgygkbxr% g{

pjee g{ qnezoxjjv{ lnfbebsjh xmvnz`m enkge ygvxojv{

goh kgly lgog`jljox knllbxxjj{/ Xmj yego

pnzeh ojjh xn fj aej}bfej% goh gor gkxbqbxr bohbkgxjh

xjoxgxbqj% `bqjo xmj aezkxzgxbo` {bxzgxbno goh xmj

lgor zokjvxgboxbj{ xmgx yjvxgbo/

Xmj kzvvjox ejqje na {zyynvx kgo fj lgboxgbojh boxn

6976 pbxm j}b{xbo` vj{nzvkj{ xmvnz`m `nqjvoljox

{jvqbkj{ -{zyynvxjh fr ZO" goh xmvnz`m xmj ljhb,

kgeer {yjkbgebsjh O@N{ nyjvgxbo` bo xmj gvjg{/

[mnzeh xmj ozlfjv na ynyzegxbno g{{b{xjh bokvjg{j

bo xmj azxzvj% ghhbxbnoge vj{nzvkj{ pbee fj vjwzbvjh/

Gkxbqbxbj{ bo xmj mjgexm {jkxnv% bokezhbo` {jo{bxbsgxbno

na qnezoxjjv{% ljhbkge {zyyebj{ goh hbgòn{xbk g{

pjee g{ kejgo hjebqjvr dbx{ yvnkzvjljox goh hb{xvbfz,

xbno% BJK lgxjvbge{% xvgo{ynvxgxbno jxk pnzeh kn{x

{nlj Z[( 7;9%999/

Azvxmjvlnvj% g{ yjv xmj vjknlljohgxbno{ na xmj

[jyxjlfjv g{{j{{ljox% bo qbjp na xmj yvnxvgkxjh

annh bo{jkzvbxr xmgx lgor na xmj hb{yegkjh aglbebj{

mgqj agkjh {bokj Czoj% g ozxvbxbno g{{j{{ljox b{

{mnzeh fj kgvvbjh nzx g{ g lgxxjv na yvbnvbxr% z{bo`

xmj enkge ojxpnvd{ xn vjgkm jqjvr enkgxbno/ [zkm

j}jvkb{j pnzeh kn{x gyyvn}blgxjer Z[( 7:%999/

PG[M

[gaj pgxjv b{ noj na xmj yvbnvbxr ojjh{ na hb{yegkjh

ynyzegxbno% gkknvhbo` xn enkge g`jokbj{% hj{ybxj xmj

lgor vbqjv{ goh kvjjd{ bo xmj enkge jkn{r{xjl/

Lgor na xmj lgdj{mbax kgly{ mgqj fjjo j{xgf,

eb{mjh geno` xmj vbqjv xmgx hbqbhj{ Lrgolgv avnl

Kmbog% pmbkm yvnqbhj{ {zaabkbjox pgxjv anv hgber hn,

lj{xbk z{j/ Xmjvj gvj knokjvo{% mnpjqjv% na xmj

pgxjv wzgebxr anv hvbodbo`/ Xmj pgxjv gqgbegfbebxr

hbaajv{ fjxpjjo kgly{ pbxm xmj ln{x vjkjoxer j{,

xgfeb{mjh kgly{ agkbo` g hbvj {bxzgxbno/ Xmj gkkj{{

xn {gaj pgxjv bo zvfgo kgly{ -Lrbxdrbog% Fmgln%

goh Pgbo`lgp" b{ vjynvxjher fjxxjv% gexmnz`m xmj

j}b{xbo` pgxjv {zyyer {r{xjl{ -yvblgvber pjee{" pbee

ojjh xn fj {zyyejljoxjh bo xblj anv xmj gyyvngkm,

bo` hvr {jg{no/

Enkge ygvxojv{ mgqj yvnqbhjh pgxjv yzvbabkgxbno lg,

xjvbge -:%999 Pgxjv@zgvh fnxxej{"% kno{xvzkxjh 00

egxvboj{ goh yvnlnxjh mr`bjoj anv nqjv 1%799 BHY{

bo hbaajvjox enkgxbno{/ N}agl pbxm enkge O@N{ ygvx,

ojv{ mgqj fjjo {zyynvxbo` pbxm xmj yvnqb{bno na

mr`bjoj dbx{ anv 1%999 BHY{ -fg{bk mr`bjoj bxjl{ bo

MJGEXM.OZXVBXBNO gkxbqbxbj{

[xvjo`xmjobo` na {zvqjbeegokj na knllzobkgfej

hb{jg{j{4

Xvgbobo` na qnezoxjjv{ anv {rohvnlbk vjynvxbo` na

jqjox{ goh hb{xvbfzxbno na BJK lgxjvbge xn

knlyejljox xmj kgygkbxr na lbhpbqj{ xn

vj`zegver knqjv gee BHY enkgxbno{

Hb{xvbfzxbno na vgybh hbgòn{xbk dbx{ anv avnoxeboj

mjgexm pnvdjv{ xn hbgòn{j knllzobkgfejhb{jg{j{ -hjo`zj% kmnejvg% lgegvbg% [XB% goh

xrymnbh"4

Yvnqb{bno na {yjkbljo kneejkxbno dbx{ goh xvgo{,

ynvxgxbno kn{x anv kneejkxbno na {yjkbljo anv

goger{b{

Xvjgxljox goh vjajvvge4

Yvnqb{bno na kejgo hjebqjvr dbx{ xn knqjv gee

pnljo na kmbeh fjgvbo` g`j/ Hbòbxr dbx{

pnzeh fj knqjvjh xmvnz`m xmj {mjexjv ! OAB

{jkxnv -hb{xvbfzxbno"/

Vjajvvge kn{x {zyynvx anv jljv`jokr kgvj gohhjebqjvr/

[zyyer na j{{joxbge ljhbkboj -BJMD" xn knqjv

:9%999 yjnyej anv {b} lnoxm{

Gpgvjoj{{ vgb{bo` goh yvjqjoxbno4

Yvnqb{bno na BJK lgxjvbge xn jhzkgxj knllzobxbj{

no jaajkxbqj ljgo{ xn yvjqjox knllzobkg,

fej hb{jg{j{

Bllzobsgxbno na lzexb,goxb`jo{ -ljg{ej{% HYX%

NYQ% XX% F@K" na gee zohjv xmvjj kmbehvjo bo

xmj gaajkxjh xnpo{mby{ g{ g ygvx na xmj og,

xbnoge bllzobsgxbno kglygbò/ Azohbo` anv

qgkkboj{ b{ {jkzvjh% pmbej ghhbxbnoge azohbo`

pnzeh fj vjwzbvjh anv nyjvgxbnoge kn{x{4

Hjxgbejh mjgexm g{{j{{ljox4

Ozxvbxbno g{{j{{ljox na gee zohjv kmbehvjo bo xmj

gvjg{ na hb{yegkjljox4

Vj`zegv lnobxnvbo` na xmj mjgexm {bxzgxbno fr ZO

{xgaa enkgeer


10/1379

eboj pbxm [ymjvj"% pgxjv yzvbabkgxbno bxjl{ goh pg,

xjv kneejkxbno goh {xnvg`j kgygkbxr anv 1%999 BHY{%

kno{xvzkxjh 8:9 xjlynvgvr egxvboj{% 79 pg{mvnnl{

goh : ghhbxbnoge pgxjv ynbox{% yvnqbhjh azje xn {zy,

yer pgxjv anv ;%999 BHY{ goh kgvvbjh nzx vgybh mr,

`bjoj yvnlnxbno ankz{bo` no djr yzfebk mjgexm lj{,

{g`j{ xgv`jxbo` nqjv 2%999 BHY{ bo hbaajvjox enkg,

xbno{/ Pnveh Qb{bno mg{ g yego xn kno{xvzkx 61 eg,

xvboj{ pbxm enkgeer gqgbegfej vj{nzvkj{ bo anzv kgly{.{bxj{ bo Pgbo`lgp% z{bo` xmjbv npo vj{nzvkj{/

G{ xmj ozlfjv na hb{yegkjh knoxbozj{ xn aezkxzgxj%

xjlynvgvr goh lnfbej ljg{zvj{ bokezhbo` mnz{j,

mneh pgxjv yzvbabkgxbno gvj ebdjer xn fj xmj ln{x

{zbxgfej goh jaajkxbqj {nezxbno bo xmj {mnvx xjvl/ G{

{nno g{ xmj {jkzvbxr {bxzgxbno blyvnqj{% lnvj eno`

xjvl pgxjv {zyyer nyxbno{ pnzeh ojjh xn fj kno{bh,

jvjh/

Xmj {gobxgvr {bxzgxbno bo xmj lgdj{mbax kgly b{ na

knokjvo g{ noer {mgeenp nyjo ybx egxvboj{ mgqj fjjo

kno{xvzkxjh {n agv% boxjohjh anv xjlynvgvr z{j/ G{xmj hb{yegkjljox yvneno`{ xmj{j ybx{ mgqj fjjo

abeejh% goh lnvj gyyvnyvbgxj egxvboj kno{xvzkxbno b{

vjwzbvjh/ Kgly lgog`jljox knllbxxjj{ ojjh xn

fj {zyynvxjh bo fzbehbo` ghhbxbnoge goh lnvj gyyvn,

yvbgxj egxvboj{ bo xmj kgly{.{bxj{/

Xmj hb{yegkjh aglbebj{ pbee vjwzbvj {gaj ljgo{ na

j}kvjxg hb{yn{ge% kno{xgox {zyyer na kejgo pgxjv goh

mr`bjoj {zyyebj{ xn lboblbsj xmj vb{d na pgxjv goh

{gobxgxbno vjegxjh hb{jg{j{% j{yjkbgeer bo nqjv,

kvnphjh kgly{.{bxj{% go joqbvnoljox pmbkm xmj{j

yjnyej gvj onx aglbebgv pbxm g{ xmjr z{jh xn ebqj bovzvge gvjg{/

Xmj pgxjv {zyynvx yvnqbhjh fr ZOBKJA goh N}agl%

pbxm pgxjv yzvbabkgxbno lgxjvbge goh knoxgbojv{% xn

gyyvn}blgxjer 76%999 yjnyej pbee eg{x zoxbe xmj joh

na Hjkjlfjv 6977/ Xmj {glj glnzox na yjnyej mg{

vjkjbqjh {zyynvx pbxm {gaj {gobxgxbno -egxvboj{ goh

mr`bjoj yvnlnxbno"/ Pnveh Qb{bno b{ yegoobo` xn

{zyynvx go ghhbxbnoge 6%999 yjnyej bo 8 kgly{ bo

Pgbo`lgp xmvnz`m xmj kno{xvzkxbno na egxvboj{ z{,

bo` j}b{xbo` vj{nzvkj{/ G{ na Cgozgvr 6976% ghhb,

xbnoge Z[( 7%6=6%1=9 pbee fj vjwzbvjh xn {zyynvx gee

:9%999 yjnyej pbxm {gaj pgxjv goh {gaj {gobxgxbno/

JHZKGXBNO ! YVNXJKXBNO -Agkbebxgxnv{3

ZOMKV goh ZOBKJA"

Jhzkgxbno

Gkknvhbo` xn [jyxjlfjv{ lzexb,{jkxnv g{{j{{ljox

goh vjynvx{ avnl ygvxojv{ nyjvgxbo` bo xmj BHY

kgly{.{bxj{% xmj lgcnvbxr na BHY{ -:1*" gvj kmbehvjo

zohjv xmj g`j na 7=/ Bo gvjg{ knqjvjh fr `nqjvo,

ljox {jvqbkj{% xmj hb{yegkjh {kmnne kmbehvjo mgqj

knoxbozjh jhzkgxbno {bokj Czoj gxxjohbo` enkge

{kmnne{% nv fr vjkjbqbo` yvblgvr jhzkgxbno gx xjl,

ynvgvr ejgvobo` {ygkj{ {jxzy fr enkge agbxm,fg{jh

nv`gobsgxbno{/ Xmj boaez} na xmj hb{yegkjh kmbehvjo

mg{ yzx ghhbxbnoge {xvgbo no fg{bk jhzkgxbno agkbeb,

xbj{% vj{zexbo` bo ojjh{ anv ghhbxbnoge {ygkj% g{ pjee

g{ ghhbxbnoge xjgkmbo` goh ejgvobo` lgxjvbge{/ Vj,

ynvxjher% bo gvjg{ onx knqjvjh fr `nqjvoljox {jv,

qbkj{% {kmnne{ mgqj fjjo ken{jh hnpo -bo xpn nzx na

abqj hb{xvbkx{" {bokj Czoj.Czer% hzj xn xmj yvjqgbebo`

bo{xgfbebxr/ Xmjvj gvj bohbkgxbno{ xmgx {nlj na xmj

kmbehvjo gaajkxjh fr xmj ken{zvj mgqj fjjo gkknl,

lnhgxjh bo xjlynvgvr ejgvobo` agkbebxbj{ {jxzy bo

{nlj xnpo{% bokezhbo` Egbsg goh LgbcgRgo`/

ZOBKJA goh Dgkmbo fg{jh ygvxojv{ mgqj nv gvj bo

PG[M gkxbqbxbj{

Yvnqb{bno na go ghjwzgxj ozlfjv na egxvboj{.xnbejx{

gkknvhbo` xn [ymjvj {xgohgvh{ anv {gaj hb{yn{ge

na mzlgo j}kvjxg4

Yvnqb{bno na {gaj goh jwzbxgfej gkkj{{ xn g {zaab,

kbjox wzgoxbxr na pgxjv anv hvbodbo`% knndbo` g{

pjee g{ yjv{noge goh hnlj{xbk mr`bjoj4

Yvnqb{bno na pgxjv na {zaabkbjox wzgebxr xn fj hvzod

goh z{jh anv knndbo` goh yjv{noge goh hnlj{,xbk mr`bjoj4

Yvnqb{bno na ghjwzgxj agkbebxbj{ xn kneejkx% {xnvj goh

z{j {zaabkbjox wzgoxbxbj{ na pgxjv anv hvbodbo`%

knndbo` goh yjv{noge mr`bjoj4

Xvgbobo` anv gaajkxjh pnljo% ljo goh kmbehvjo na

gee g`j{ xn fj gpgvj na djr yzfebk mjgexm vb{d{4

Knoxbo`jokr anv pgxjv {kgvkbxr4

[zyynvx xn enkge O@N{ avnl j}yjvbjokjh mr`bjoj

yvnlnxbno xvgbojv{ -N}agl" goh j}yjvbjokjh

PG[M xjkmobkge ghqb{nv{ -ZOBKJA"4

Lnobxnvbo` na blyejljoxgxbno goh PG[M b{{zj{ fr

xpn j}yjvbjokjh PG[M {yjkbgeb{x{ -ZOBKJA"/


11/1377

xmj yvnkj{{ na kno{xvzkxbo` ghhbxbnoge xjlynvgvr

ejgvobo` {ygkj{ bo {jqjvge enkgxbno{% bokezhbo` Lrbx,

drbog% Pgbo`lgp% Lnlgzd goh Fmgln/ Gqgbegfej

boanvlgxbno bohbkgxj xmgx% bo xmj lgdj{mbax kgly{.

{bxj{ {jxzy ken{j xn xmj fnvhjv pbxm Kmbog% kgly

lgog`jljox knllbxxjj{ mgqj kno{xvzkxjh fg{bk

xjlynvgvr jhzkgxbno agkbebxbj{ pbxm xmj {zyynvx na

enkge ygvxojv{% bo pmbkm hb{yegkjh xjgkmjv{ gvj yvn,

qbhbo` kmbehvjo pbxm yvblgvr jhzkgxbno/Gee hb{yegkjh kmbehvjo gvj egkdbo` j{{joxbge ejgvobo`

lgxjvbge -j}jvkb{j fnnd{% xj}x fnnd{ jxk/" g{ aglbebj{

ejax xmjbv qbeeg`j{ pbxm noer g ajp mnz{jmneh yn{{j{,

{bno{/ ZOBKJA mg{ {zyyebjh xmj hb{yegkjh yvblgvr

{kmnne kmbehvjo bo gvjg{ pmjvj `nqjvoljox {jvqbkj{

gvj gqgbegfej% pmbej enkge nv`gobsgxbno{ gvj {zyyerbo`

{kmnne lgxjvbge je{jpmjvj% gexmnz`m {nlj enkgxbno{

mgqj onx rjx fjjo vjgkmjh hzj xn xmj yvjqgbebo`

bo{xgfbebxr/

Agbxm,fg{jh nv`gobsgxbno{% knllzobxr,fg{jh nv,

`gobsgxbno{ goh qnezoxjjv{ gvj yvnqbhbo` g{{b{xgokjxn yvj,{kmnne g`jh BHY{ kmbehvjo bo kgly{.{bxj{%

pbxm xmj {zyynvx na O@N{ goh na ZOBKJA% bokezhbo`

y{rkmn{nkbge {zyynvx pmbkm b{ ghlbob{xjvjh fr qne,

zoxjjv{ bo Kmbeh Avbjoher [ygkj{ -{jj Yvnxjkxbno"/

G{ xmj kzvvjox {kmnne rjgv joh{ bo Ajfvzgvr% g`jo,

kbj{ lnfbebsjh boxjvoge vj{nzvkj{ pmbkm pbee fj {zaab,

kbjox xn kgxjv anv kzvvjox ojjh{% bokezhbo` anv xmj

{jxzy na xjlynvgvr ejgvobo` {ygkj{/ Mnpjqjv%

{mnzeh xmj yegoobo` ab`zvj goh na hb{yegkjljox -zy

xn :9%999 BHY{ anv {b} ghhbxbnoge lnoxm{" fjknlj g

vjgebxr% xmj yvncjkxjh ozlfjv na yvblgvr {kmnne g`jkmbehvjo pnzeh glnzox xn gfnzx 79%999% pmbej xmj

ozlfjv na kmbehvjo fjxpjjo ; goh : pnzeh fj gy,

yvn}blgxjer 8%999/ Pbxm xmj {kmnne {kmjhzejh xn

vjnyjo bo Czoj% fr Ajfvzgvr jhzkgxbno ygvxojv{ pbee

ojjh xn vj,j}glboj xmj {bxzgxbno goh jqjoxzgeer

kno{bhjv xmj nyxbno na vj{xnvbo` j}b{xbo` xjlynvgvr

ejgvobo` {ygkj{ goh fzbehbo` ojp noj{ xn knqjv gee

yvblgvr {xzhjox{ anv xmj oj}x rjgv/ G`gbo% j}b{xbo`

vj{nzvkj{ {mnzeh knqjv xmb{ ojjh% fzx lnvj hjxgbejh

ojjh{ g{{j{{ljox pbee ojjh xn fj knohzkxjh xn lgy

nzx xmj ynxjoxbge ojjh anv ghhbxbnoge XE[{/

ZOBKJA goh enkge ygvxojv{ mgqj {zaabkbjox {kmnne

{zyyebj{ xn knqjv xmj ojjh{ na xmj hb{yegkjh yvblgvr

{kmnne {xzhjox{ g{ pjee g{ xmj fg{bk ojjh na xjgkm,

bo` gbh{/ Xmj j}b{xbo` jgver kmbehmnnh gkxbqbxbj{ -anv

kmbehvjo ; xn :" knqjv gyyvn}blgxjer ;%999 kmbehvjo/

Xmj ghhbxbnoge hb{yegkjh kmbehvjo joqb{g`jh knzeh

fj knqjvjh pbxm j}b{xbo` ljgo{ -JKH dbx{ jxk/"/

Nokj xmj {bxzgxbno onvlgebsj{% gxxjoxbno pbee ojjh

xn fj ygbh xn xmj vjygbv goh vj,jwzbyljox na

{kmnne{% bokezhbo` xjgkmbo` jwzbyljox goh {zyyebj{

anv {xzhjox{/

Yvnxjkxbno

Abohbo`{ na xmj [jyxjlfjv vgybh ojjh{ g{{j{{ljox

mb`meb`mxjh g ozlfjv na yvnxjkxbno knokjvo{% ygv,

xbkzegver anv BHY kmbehvjo goh pnljo% bokezhbo` agl,

ber {jygvgxbno% kmbehvjo fjbo` ejax zo{zyjvqb{jh% g{

pjee g{ egohlboj{ yvj{jokj% glno` nxmjv{/ Na ygv,xbkzegv knokjvo fjkgz{j na mb`mjv vb{d xn yn{{bfej

gfz{j{ gvj kgxj`nvbj{ {zkm g{ {jygvgxjh goh zogk,

knlygobjh kmbehvjo goh na ajlgej nv kmbeh,mjghjh

BHY aglbebj{ anv pmbkm yvjqjoxbqj% lbxb`gxbo` ljg{,

zvj{ ojjh xn fj yzx bo yegkj/ Xmj vjynvx ge{n mb`m,

eb`mxjh xmgx BHY pnljo pjvj agkbo` hbaabkzexbj{ fj,

kgz{j na egkd na {jygvgxj {gobxgvr agkbebxbj{ anv ljo

goh pnljo% ynnv eb`mxbo` gx ob`mx% goh ajjebo` bo{j,

kzvj gx ob`mx/ Hzvbo` azvxmjv nf{jvqgxbno{ goh kg,

ygkbxr fzbehbo` pbxm {jqjvge O@N{% AFN{ goh enkge

gzxmnvbxbj{% bx mg{ fjjo j}yvj{{jh xmgx {bokj xmj BHYynyzegxbno b{ lghj zy yvblgvber na pnljo goh kmbe,

hvjo% goh fjkgz{j na xmj egkd na ebqjebmnnh gkxbqbxbj{%

pnljo gvj j{yjkbgeer gx vb{d na {j}zge j}yenbxgxbno/

G ozlfjv na BHY{ mgqj ge{n qnbkjh knokjvo{ nqjv

egohlboj{ goh xmj ojjh anv egohlboj vb{d gpgvj,

oj{{/ Bx pg{ ge{n j}yvj{{jh xmgx g ozlfjv na BHY{ hn

onx yn{{j{{ aglber eb{x{ nv Kbxbsjo{mby [kvzxbor Kgvh{

-K[K"/

Xn vj{ynoh xn {nlj na xmj knokjvo{% ygvxojv{ mgqj

lnfbebsjh vj{nzvkj{ blljhbgxj vj{yno{j/ ZOBKJA

{zyynvxjh xmj {jxzy na 779 Kmbeh Avbjoher [ygkj-KA[" dbx{ xn 89 BHY enkgxbno{/ Xmb{ pg{ {zyynvxjh

xmvnz`m kmbeh yvnxjkxbno xvgbobo` yvnqbhjh xn 89

{xgaa goh qnezoxjjv kgvj `bqjv{% pmn vzo xmj {ygkj{

xn yvnqbhj g {gaj joqbvnoljox anv kmbehvjo% hjebqjv

blynvxgox lj{{g`j{ no yvnxjkxbno bokezhbo` lboj

vb{d gpgvjoj{{ goh z{j xmj {ygkj{ anv yvnqb{bno na

y{rkmn{nkbge {zyynvx goh knzo{jebo`/ Xmj{j xvgbobo`

pjvj mjeh bo Lrbxdrbog avnl 68,60 Nkxnfjv goh bo


12/1376

Fmgln avnl ;7 Nkxnfjv xn ; Onqjlfjv/

Ghhbxbnoge vj{nzvkj{% anv g xnxge na Z[(87=%999 gvj

mnpjqjv vjwzbvjh xn ghhvj{{ vjlgbobo` knokjvo{/

[bokj xmj vj{zlyxbno na bo{xgfbebxr bo Czoj% ygvxojv{

bo Rgo`no {jxzy knnvhbogxbno gvvgo`jljox{ xn jo,

{zvj xmj aneenp zy na xmj {bxzgxbno goh bhjoxbar {xjy{

xn g{{b{x xmj gaajkxjh ynyzegxbno/ Gx yvj{jox% ljjx,

bo`{ pbxm mzlgobxgvbgo nv`gobsgxbno{ gvj xgdbo`

yegkj xn {zyynvx abjeh,fg{jh knnvhbogxbno% gogersj

xmj {bxzgxbno goh bhjoxbar {xvgxj`bj{ xn ghhvj{{ b{,

{zj{ na knokjvo% bokezhbo` gkkj{{ g{ pjee g{ yvnln,

Knnvhbogxbno gvvgo`jljox{

xbno na yvbokbyejh mzlgobxgvbgo nyjvgxbno{% goh

bhjoxbar gqjozj{ na hbgen`zj pbxm gee ygvxbj{ xn xmj

knoaebkx anv azee goh zoblyjhjh gkkj{{ anv mzlgob,

xgvbgo nv`gobsgxbno{ xn vjgkm gee xmn{j bo ojjh/

Knnvhbogxbno jaanvx{ mgqj fjjo {xjyyjh zy bo Lrbx,

drbog% pbxm boxjv,g`jokr ljjxbo`{ xgdbo` yegkj no gpjjder fg{b{% xn pmbkm gzxmnvbxbj{ gvj ygvxbkbygxbo`/

Xmj{j knnvhbogxbno gvvgo`jljox{ gx abjeh ejqje gvj

kvbxbkge xn jo{zvj boanvlgxbno {mgvbo`% knnvhbogxj

vj{yno{j jaanvx{% bhjoxbar ojjh{ goh `gy{% yvnlnxj

yvbokbyejh mzlgobxgvbgo gkxbno goh xgfej b{{zj{ na

knokjvo% bokezhbo` gkkj{{ xn gee xmn{j bo ojjh/ Xmj

j}jvkb{j b{ ge{n hjjljh kvzkbge xn fzbeh xmj kgygkb,

xbj{ na enkge gzxmnvbxbj{ no knnvhbogxbno na g{{b{,

xgokj bo hb{g{xjv {bxzgxbno{/ Bo Fmgln% knnvhbogxbno

ojjh{ azvxmjv {xvjo`xmjobo` goh lb{{bno{ avnl Lr,

Yvnxjkxbno Gkxbqbxbj{

Kbqbe Hnkzljo,

xgxbno

Bhjoxbabkgxbno na BHY ynyzegxbno bo ojjh na kbqbe hnkzljoxgxbno bo knnvhbogxbno pbxm

O@N{% enkge gzxmnvbxbj{ goh Bllb`vgxbno Hjygvxljox4

[zyynvx% {zkm g{ jwzbyljox goh naabkj {zyyebj{% anv Bllb`vgxbno Hjygvxljox naabkj{ bo

xmj gvjg

Yvnxjkxbno Vj,

ajvvge{

Bhjoxbabkgxbno na yvnxjkxbno bokbhjox {zvqbqnv{3

Lgyybo` na j}b{xbo` vjajvvge {r{xjl goh bhjoxbabkgxbno na gy{4

[xvjo`xmjo kgygkbxbj{ na O@N{ goh AFN{ pmn gvj kzvvjoxer yvnqbhbo` ljhbkge% y{rkmn,{nkbge goh ej`ge g{{b{xgokj xn {zvqbqnv{ na yvnxjkxbno bokbhjox{

[xvjo`xmjo vjynvxbo` ljkmgob{l{

Gpgvjoj{{ Vgb{,

bo`

Knnvhbogxbno pbxm ygvxojv{ xn bhjoxbar yvbnvbxbj{ anv gpgvjoj{{ vgb{bo`4

Xvgbobo` goh pnvd{mny no Fg{bk Yvnxjkxbno% Kgly Knnvhbogxbno Kgly Lgog`jljox

-KKKL"% [@FQ% anv BHY{% AFN{% O@N{% goh enkge gzxmnvbxbj{

Kmbeh Yvnxjkxbno Bhjoxbar g yjv{no anv gkxbo` g{ ankge ynbox anv kmbeh yvnxjkxbno vj{yno{bfej anv xmj ane,

enpbo`3 b" [jxxbo` zy g yvnxjkxbno vjajvvge ljkmgob{l anv kmbehvjo4 bb" vj`b{xjvbo` zogk,

knlygobjh.{jygvgxjh kmbehvjo goh jo{zvbo` xmgx xmjr gvj yvbnvbxbsjh anv vjkjbyx g{{b{,

xgokj4 bbb" lgboxgbobo` aglber ebod{ fjxpjjo xmj zogkknlygobjh.{jygvgxjh kmbehvjo goh

kmbeh mjghjh mnz{jmneh{ goh xmjbv aglbebj{4 bq" Lgog`bo` xmj yvnkj{{ na vjzobabkgxbnopbxm aglbebj{ gx xmj vjejqgox xblj xn jo{zvj xmgx xmj{j kmbehvjo gvj yvnxjkxjh avnl vb{d

na vjkvzbxljox% xvgaabkdbo` nv egfnv j}yenbxgxbno

Yvnqbhj xvgbobo`% lnobxnvbo` goh aneenp,zy na xmj pnvd na xmj{j ankge ynbox{

Yvnqbhj ankge yjv{no{ pbxm g azoh xn jogfej vjajvvge{ goh anv vjzobabkgxbno anv zogkknl,

ygobjh kmbehvjo% {jygvgxjh kmbehvjo% kmbeh mjghjh mnz{jmneh{% xmjo ajlgej mjghjh

mnz{jmneh{ -j/`/ xvgqje anv ljhbkge% ej`ge g{{b{xgokj% xvgqje anv vjzobabkgxbno"/

Knoxbozj yvnqb{bno na {zyyebj{ anv KA[ goh xvgbobo` anv {xgaa goh qnezoxjjv{ no mnp xn

vzo xmj KA[

J}xvjljer Qze,

ojvgfej Yny

Bhjoxbabkgxbno na J}xvjljer Qzeojvgfej Bohbqbhzge{ -JQB"% xmvnz`m kgly . kneejkxbqj kjo,

xjv{ lgog`jljox ygvxojv{% O@N{ goh AFN{4

Yvnqb{bno na kg{m qnzkmjv g{{b{xgokj xn bhjoxbabjh JQB{4

Knnvhbogxbno pbxm `nqjvoljox goh enkge ygvxojv{ anv gyyvnyvbgxj nxmjv vjajvvge{ ba

ojjh fj/


13/13

bxdrbog,fg{jh ygvxojv{ gvj xgdbo` yegkj xn {zyynvx

{zkm jaanvx{/ Knnvhbogxbno gvvgo`jljox{ anv gkxbqb,xbj{ bo nxmjv gaajkxjh gvjg{ gvj na knokjvo goh vj,

wzbvj ghhbxbnoge gxxjoxbno/

Pbxm xmj nfcjkxbqj na hjabobo` xmb{ yego% goh bhjoxbar

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Humanitarian Situation and Response Kachin Dec 2011 OCHA

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Transcript of Humanitarian Situation and Response Kachin Dec 2011 OCHA