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UKSim2010 UKSim 12tn International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation Cambridge, United Kingdom 24-26 March 2010 Edited by: David Al-Dabass, Alessandra Orsoni. Richard Cant Ajlth Abraham
Transcript of UKSim2010 - repository.unpar.ac.id
UKSim2010UKSim 12tn International Conference on
Computer Modelling and Simulation
Cambridge, United Kingdom 24-26 March 2010
Edited by:David Al-Dabass, Alessandra Orsoni. Richard Cant Ajlth Abraham
UKSim
H îïmAsia M odelling & S im ulation S»ciel
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UKSim 12th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation
Cambridge, United Kingdom 24-26 March 2010Edited by:David Al-Dabass, Alessandra Orsoni, Richard Cant, Ajith Abraham
Chairs’ Welcome MessageWe are delighted to welcome our colleagues from the United Kingdom, Europe and the rest of the world
to this 12th UKSim International Conference on Modelling and Simulation, held at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, United Kingdom. It follows in the footsteps of last year’s successful event which represented the 11th UKSim International Conference on Modelling and Simulation, also held at Emmanuel College. The conference program committee has organized an exciting and balanced program comprising presentations from distinguished experts in the field and important and wide-ranging contributions on state-of-the-art research that provide new insights into the latest innovations in the field of modelling and simulation. Being the UKSim’s third large international conference, we are hopeful that its outstanding technical content contributed by leading researchers in the field from United Kingdom, Europe and worldwide will ensure its continued success.
UKSim 2010 is technically sponsored by IEEE Computer Society (UK & Rl), United Kingdom Simulation Society, European Federation of Simulation Societies (EUROSIM), European Council for Modelling and Simulation (ECMS), Asia Modelling and Simulation Society, Kingston University, Imperial College, Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and Nottingham Trent University and University of Technology Malaysia (UTM). UKSim 2010 proved to be very popular and received submissions far in excess of expectation from over 30 countries. The conference program committee had a very challenging task of choosing high quality submissions. Each paper was peer reviewed by several independent referees of the program committee and, based on the recommendation of the reviewers, 116 papers were finally accepted. The papers offer stimulating insights into emerging modelling and simulation techniques and their applicaitons in a wider variety of fields within science and technoloies in the broadest sense of their meaning. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the plenary speakers, authors, session chairs, members of the program committee and additional reviewers who made this conference such an outstanding success. Finally, we hope that you will find the conference to be a valuable resource in your professional, research, and educational activities whether you are a student, academic, researcher, or a practicing professional. Enjoy!
UKSim 2010 ChairsAlessandra Orsoni David Al-Dabass Richard Cant Ajith Abraham
XIV
Organizing CommitteeConference Chair
Alessandra Orsoni, Kingston University, United Kingdom
Program ChairRichard Cant, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
General Co-chairsDavid Al-Dabass, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom Ajith Abraham, Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs)
Venue/Local Arrangements ChairRichard Cant, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
EUROSIM Liaison ChairRichard Zobel
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International Program CommitteeKai Juslin, SIMS
Esko Juuso, SIMS Khalid Al-Begain, UKSim
Gaius Mulley, UKSim Ajith Abraham, Norway
Terrence Fernando, United Kingdom Kusum Deep, India
Atulya Nagar, United Kingdom Khaled Shaalan, UAE
Hussam Tawfik, United Kingdom P. Thangavel, India
Abir Hussain, United Kingdom Dhiya Al-Jumeily, United Kingdom
Gurvinder Singh-Baicher, United Kingdom Lilia Kakaradova, UAE
Ljerka Beus-Dukic, United Kingdom Miroslav Snorek, CSSS
Andras Javor, HSS Franco Maceri, ISCS
Peter Schwartz, AS IM Charles Patchett, BAE, Warton
Richard Zobel, UKSim Henri Pierreval, FRANCOSIM
Yuri Merkuryev, LSS Gaby Neumann, ASIM Mikulas Alexik, CSSS
Borut Zupancic, SLOSIM Igor Skrjanc, SLOSIM
David Murray-Smith, UKSim Mahdi Mahfouf, UKSim
Emelio Jimenez Macias, Sapin Alessandra Orsoni, UKSim
Vlatko Ceric, CROSSIM Russell Cheng, UKSim
Miguel Angel Piera, Spain Antonio Guasch, Spain
David Al-Dabass, UKSim Jadranka Bozikov, CROSSIM
Richard Cant, UKSim Felix Breitenecker, ASIM, SNE Siegfried Wassertheurer, ASIM
Wolfgang Wiechert, ASIM Janos Sebestyen-Janosy, HSS
Olaf Ruhle, ASIM Marius Radulescu, ROMSIM
Leon Bobrowski, PSCS Mojca Indihar Stemberger, Slovenia
Vesna Bosilj-Vuksic, Croatia Roland Wertz, Germany Helen Karatza, Greece
Nikolaos V. Karadimas, Greece Piers Campbell, UAE
Marco Remondino, Italy
Fabian Bottinger, Germany Emilio Corchado, Spain Crina Grosan, Romania Xiao-Zhi Gao, Finland
Marzuki B. Khalid, Malaysia Zuwairie Ibrahim, Malaysia Daniela Zaharie, Romania Rosni Abdullah, Malaysia Carlos Martin Vide, Spain Issakki Kosonen, Helsinki
Taha Osman, United Kingdom Shamin Ahmad, United Kingdom
Andrzej Dzielinski, Poland Galina Merkuryeva, Latvia
Imed Romdhani, United Kingdom Nikolaos V. Karadimas, Greece Rubem Pereira, United Kingdom Stephen Jarvis, United Kingdom
Fengge Gao, United Kingdom Xiaohong Gao, United Kingdom
Mo Song, United Kingdom Vincent C S Lee, Australia Gerrit Janssens, Belgium
Edward Williams, USA Atulya Nagar, United Kingdom A. Shahrabi, United Kingdom
G. Min, United Kingdom A. Al-dubai, United Kingdom
M. Ould-khaoua, United Kingdom H R. Arabnia, USA
John Mellor, United Kingdom Gonzalez de Miguel, Spain
Mohamed Ould-Khaoua, United Kingdom Nigel Thomas, United Kingdom Alan Crispin, United Kingdom
Frank Ball, United Kingdom Karim Djemame, United Kingdom
Petia Koprinkova, Bulgaria Ricardo Goncalves, Portugal
Mike Woodward, United Kingdom Javier Otamendi, Spain
Muhammad Younas, United Kingdom Kuo-Ming Chao, United Kingdom
Lin Guan, United Kingdom Behzad Bordbar, United Kingdom
Charalabos Skianis, Greece Frank Ball, United Kingdom Dr. Penny Baillie, Australia Zhili Sun, United Kingdom
Xingang Wang, United Kingdom Shakeel Ahmed, Pakistan Bashir Ahmed, Pakistan
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International ReviewersAbu Khari A'ain Agostino Bruzzone Hisao IshibuchiGhulam Abbas Bustanur Busta Razali Ismail
Mohd Zaidi Abd Rozan Hueseyin Cakmak Nauman IsrarNormaziah Abdul Aziz Piers Campbell Norafida Ithnin
Izhal Abdul Halin Richard Cant Teruaki ItoRuzairi Abdul Rahim Andre Carvalho Lakhmi Jain
Rosni Abdulla Sanjay Chaudhary Sudhanshu JamuarShahrum Shah Abdullah Russell Cheng Janos-Sebestyen Janosy
Dayang Norhayati Abg Jawawi Monica Chis Gerrit JanssensShukri Abidin Sung-Bae Cho Don Jeng
Hassan Abolhassani Chin Soon Chong Emilio Jiménez MaciasAjith Abraham Monica Chris Rao Jinnah
Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar Robert Colomb Er JooRohani Abu Bakar Emilio Corchado Kasmiran Jumari
Syed Abd Rahman Abu Bakar Roy Crosbie Esko JuusoJohari Adnan Amol Deshmukh Lilia Kakaradova
Mohamad Noh Ahmad R Deshmukh Nikolaos KaradimasMohammad Nazir Ahmad Jafri Din Helen Karatza
Waqas Ahmad Jiri Dvorsky S. D. KatebiShakeel Ahmad Andrzej Dzielinski Shet K. C.Waqas Ahmed Chionh Eng Wee Arpad Keleman
Khalid Al-Begain Mazlina Esa Avinash KeskarDavid Al-Dabass Tony Fleet Marzuki KhalidDhiya Al-Jumeily Thomas Freytag Noor Khafifah Khalid
Rafe' Alasem Vikram Gadre Mohamed Khalil-HaniMikulas Alexik Boon Ping Gan Hisham KhamisBelal Alhaija G Ganesan M. KharatTony Allen Fengge Gao Shubha Kher
Ferda Alpaslan Xiao-Zhi Gao Dong-hwa KimIsmail Amin Xiaohong Gao Mario Koeppen
Shamsudin Amin Yannis Goulermas Petia KoprinkovaKonar Amit Crina Grosan Michal Kratky
Marcelo Ang, Jr Jafar Habibi Vijay KukrejaObinna Anya Abdul Razak Hamdan Rajeev Kumar
Ishak Aris Habibollah Haron Jiri KunovskyVijay Arora Faiezah Haron Tri Basuki KurniawanIrfan Awan Fazilah Haron Alhad Kuwadekar
Rassul Ayani Manaf Hashim Rik Van LandeghemEduard Babulak Uda Hashim Caroline LangensiepenKambiz Badie Aboul Ella Hassanien Vincent LeeYouakim Badr George Herterich William Gan Kai Lee
Gurvinder-Singh Baicher Seth Hetu Zhengping LiPreeti Bajaj Vlatka Hlupic Panos LiatsisFrank Ball Sadiq Hussain Mike Liow
Abhijit Bapat Abir Hussain Hongbo LiuNarendra Bawane Min-Shiang Hwang Malcolm Yoke Hean LowArijit Bhattacharya Zuwairie Ibrahim Anjali MahajanFabian Boettinger Hanif Ibrahim Ruhana Mahamud
Mohammad Razaa Borujerdi Ismail Ibrahim Mahdi MahfoufVesna Bosilj-Vuksic Subariah Ibrahim Latesh MalikFelix Breitenecker Mohd. Yazid Idris Muhammad Nadzir Marsono
Adam Brentnall Mojca Indihar Stemberger Khalid MarzukiJohn Brinkman Roily Intan Roger McHaney
X V Ü
Yahaya Md Sam Rashid Mehmood Yuri Merkuryev
Galina Merkuryeva Peter Millif
Radziah Mohamad Muhammad Faiz Mohamed Saaid
Normah Mohd Ghazali Siti Zaiton Mohd-Hashim
Samsul Bahari Mohd-Noor Salwani Mohd. Daud
Musa Mokji Farshad Moradi
Zalili Musa Navonil Mustafee Maybin Muyeba
Atulya Nagar Muhammad Nasir Ibrahim
Gaby Neumann Mohd Ngadiman Hajime Nobuhara
Lars Nolle Nor Noordin
Marek Ogiela Alessandra Orsoni
Taha Osman Mohd Fauzi Othman
Masuri Othman Jeng-Shyang Pan
Atul Pandya Millie Pant
Galina Paramei Charles Patchett Rajendra Patrikar Colin Pattinson Gillian Pearce
Mirjana Pejic-Bach Evtim Peytchev Emilia Philippe Pit Pichappan Sanjay Pokle
Heather Powell D. Pra
Steve Presland Atta Qudoos
Tatiana Radulescu Mahmood Rafiq Fua'ad Rahmat Mohd Rahmat
Abd Rahman Ramli Bilal Rassool
Marco Remondino Lewlyn Rodrigues
Andrejs Romanovs Bustanur Rosidi
Norlaili Safri
Naomie Salim Muhamad Salleh
Paramasivan Saratchandran Hamid Sarbazi-Azad
Eri Sato Zaliman Sauli
Hideyuki Sawada Ali Selamat
Hui Seng Kheong Ahmad Zuri Sha'ameri
Khaled Shaalan Shaikh Nasir Shaikh Husin
Mojtaba Shakeri Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin
Roslina Sidek Ajay Singh
Ved Pal Singh Fadzilah Siraj
Miroslav Snorek Dilbag Sokhi
Mo Song Kumbakonam G. Subramanian
Rubita Sudirman Suchitra Sueeprasan Md Nasir Sulaiman
Eko Supriyanto Sani Susanto
Hissam Tawfik Yong-Meng Teo
Nileshsingh Thakur Palaniappagounder Thangavel
Hua Nong Ting M. Tokhi
Mohan Trivedi Gancho Vachkov Pandian Vasant
Endre Vegh Sanjayan Velautham
Carlos Vide Nikola Vlahovic
Om Vyas Feng Yu Wang
Yan Wang Patrick Wang
Siegfried Wassertheurer Roland Wertz
Wolfgang Wiechert Patrick Wong Li-Pei Wong Fatos Xhafa Xiao Xia Xu
Fadi Yaacoub Omar Yaakob
Nor Adnan Yahaya Wenjing Yan Asfand-E Yar
Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis Cheah Yu-N
Jasmy Yunus Rubiyah Yusof Norazah Yusof
Muhammad Zabidi Daniela Zaharie
Ying Zhang Suiping Zhou Richard Zobel
Borut Zupancic
SponsorsUK Simulation Society
Asia Modelling and Simulation Society (AMSS) European Federation of Simulation Societies (EUROSIM)
IEEE UK and Rl European Council for Modelling and Simulation (ECMS)
Kingston University, United Kingdom Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs) Norwegian University of Science and Technology
University of Technology Malaysia
xix
Proceedings
2010 12th International Conference on Modeling and Simulation
UKSIM 201024-26 March 2010
Cambridge, United Kingdom
_____ Los Alamitos, California IEEE
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2010 12th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation
UKSIM 2010Table of Contents
Chairs' Welcome Message..................................................................Organizing Committee...........................................................................International Program Committee......................................................International Reviewers....................................................................Sponsors...................................................................
Keynote Speakers
Throw ing o f A xial-Sym m etric O bjects in Production S y s te m s .........................Heinz Frank
W ireless C om m unication, M ultim edia and W eb T echnologies for M useum s Jürgen Sieck
A dvances in G rid C om puting: T enfold A cceleration o f C om puting U sing
the In te rn e t/G rid ................................................................................................
Frank Zhigang Wang
Tutorial
D iscrete Event-B ased S im ulation o f G rid C om puting S y s te m s ...........................Fatos Xhafa
Track 01-A: Intelligent Systems
Turing M achine for i-H ead H y d r a .........................................................................
Rohan Kundra, Harshul Singhal, and Nitin Nitin
D esign an O ptim ized PID C ontro ller for Brushless DC M otor by U sing PSO
and Based on N A R M A X Identified M odel w ith A N F IS .......................................
Mohammad Reza Faieghi and S. Mohammad Azimi
Fuzzy C lustering-B ased O ptim ised Cell Form ation A lgorithm C onsidering
Sequence o f O perations, A lternative R outing and P art-V o lu m e.........................
Sani Susanto, Arijit Bhattacharya, and David Al-Dabass
Peak Load Forecasting of Electric Utilities for West Province of IRANby U sing N eural N etw ork w ithout W eather In fo rm a tio n .............................................................................................28
Mohammad Ghomi, Mahdi Goodarzi, and Mahmood Goodarzi
Modelling of a Flexible Manoeuvring System Using ANFIS Techniques.....................................................33M. Omar, M.A. Zaidan, and M.O. Tokhi
A rtificially Intelligent T sunam i Early W arning S y s te m ............................................................................................... 39
Carathedathu Mathew Cherian, Nivethitha Jayaraj, and Ganesh Vaidyanathan S.
A Q uantum Inspired L earn ing C ellu lar A utom aton for Solving the T ravelling
Salesm an P ro b le m ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Amer Draa and Souham Meshoul
A n Im provised Localization Schem e U sing A ctive RFID for A ccurate
Tracking in Sm art H o m e s ........................................................................................................................................................ 51
Shardid Jain, Ankit Sabharwal, and Satish Chandra
N eural N etw orks Initial W eights O p tim isa tio n ................................................................................................................ 57
A.J. Al-Shareef and M.F. Abbod
A dopting N ew Rules in R ule-B ased M achine T ra n s la tio n ........................................................................................... 62
Mohammed M. Abu Shquier, Mohammed M. A l Nabhan, and Tengku Mohammed Sembok
Simultaneous Identification of Multiple LTI Plants Using Multiple Models,Sw itching and T u n in g ...............................................................................................................................................................68
Koshy George, Prashanth Harshangi, andJayesh Sudhir Bhat
Q R -D uality Tuning o f S tandard K alm an Filters O riented to R ocket V elocity
Indirect M easu rem en t................................................................................................................................................................74
Jo cío VianaF. Neto, Jorge A. Farid, and José Alano Peres de Abreu
Track 02-B: Hybrid Intelligent Systems & Hybrid Soft Computing
Forecasting Sm all D ata Set U sing H ybrid C ooperative Feature S e lec tio n ............................................................. 80
Roselina Sallehuddin, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin, and Siti Zaiton Mohd Hashim
A Genetic A lgorithm for D ecision Problem s Stated on D iscrete Event S y s tem s.................................................86Juan Ignacio Latorre, Emilio Jiménez, and Mercedes Pérez
PDA Sim ulator for CFG Induction U sing G enetic A lg o rith m ................................................................................... 92N.S. Choubey and M. U. Kharat
Im perialist C om petitive A lgorithm U sing Chaos Theory for O ptim ization
(C IC A )........................................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Helena Bahrami, Karim Faez, and Marjan Abdechiri
A G eo-referenced Sw arm A gents Enabling Sistem for H azardous A p p lica tio n s ............................................... 104
Simone Barbera, Cosimo Stallo, Giovanni Savarese, Marina Ruggieri, Sabino Cacucci, and Francesco Fedi
A Hybrid Control Schem e for a T w in R otor System w ith M ulti O bjective
Genetic Algorithm............................................................................................................................................. 110S.F. Toha and M.O. Tokhi
Track 03-C: Methodologies, Tools and Operations Research
Logarithm ic G row th in B iological P ro c e sse s ..................................................................................................................116
Marius Paltanea, Sabin Tabirca, Ernesc Scheiber, and Mark Tangney
C riteria-B ased Evaluation Fram ew ork for Service-O riented M e th o d o lo g ie s ...................................................... 122
Mehdi Fahmideh Gholami, Jafar Iiabibi, Fereidoon Shams, and Sedigheh Khoshnevis
Enhancing C4I Security U sing Threat M od elin g ........................................................................................................... 131
Abdullah S. Alghamdi, Tazar Hussain, and Gul Faraz Khan
A M ulti-criteria D ecision M aking A pproach for Resource A llocation
in Software E n g in ee rin g ........................................................................................................................................................ 137
Carlos E. Otero, Lids D. Otero, Ira Weissberger, and Abrar Qureshi
Portal Im plem entation Issues: A C ase S tu d y ..................................................................................................................142
Abdullah S. Al-Mudimigh andZahid Ullah
M eteorological D atabase A lgorithm for Studying Boundary Layer E f fe c ts ........................................................ 147
Thomas Kokumo Yesufu, Oluwaseun Olasummbo Ajileye, and Joseph Adesola Adedokun
Sim ulation o f Standard B enchm arks in H ardw are Im plem entations o f L2
Cache M odels in V erilog H D L ............................................................................................................................................ 153Rosario M. Reas, Anastacia B. Alvarez, and Joy Alinda P. Reyes
M aterial Flow Sim ulation Using D iscrete-Event and M esoscopic A p p ro ach ......................................................159
Jelena Pecherska
M axim ising the A m ount o f T ransm itted F low through Repairable Flow
N e tw o rk s ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 163
Michael Todinov
Vehicle Schedule Sim ulation w ith A n y L o g ic ................................................................................................................ 169
Galina Merkuryeva and Vitalijs Bolshakovs
M odeling the Effects o f Inform ation Q uality on Process Perform ance
in O perating R o o m s................................................................................................................................................................. 175
Ying Su and Ningqiao Shen
A ssurance Support for Full A daptive Service Based A pplica tions.......................................................................... 179
Thar Baker, Azzelarabe Taleb-Bendiab, and Dhiya AI-Jumeily
Sim ulation-Based C om parison: A n O verview and Case S tu d y ................................................................................ 186
Galina Merkuryeva and Olesya Vecherinska
Track 04-D: Bio-informatics and Bio-medical Simulation
A Low Cost A rterial S im ulator in R elation to B lood Clot Rem oval in
the H um an V ascular S y s te m ................................................................................................................................................ 191M. Rai, G. Pearce, N.D. Perkinson, P. Brookfield, J. Asquith, C. Jadun J. Wong,
and M. Burley
A nalysis and Sim ulation o f the A dhesion Forces betw een Clot and the A rtery
W all for a N ovel T hrom bectom y D evice A pplied to the M iddle Cerebral
A rte ry ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 195
G. Romero, I. Higuera, M.L. Martinez, G. Pearce, and N.D. Perkinson
VÜ
Prediction o f Protein Secondary Structure B ased on N M R C hem ical Shift D ata
U sing Support V ector M a c h in e s ........................................................................................................................................201
Ahmad Sabouri, Adel Ardalan, andReza Shahidi-Nejad
The Effectiveness o f B ody W eight T ransfer in FE S-A ssisted W alking
w ith W heel W a lk e r................................................................................................................................................................. 206
Rozita Jailani, M. Osman Tokhi, and Zakaria Hussain
C om parative Study o f T hree H um an M uscle M o d e ls .................................................................................................212
Rasha Massoud
C ellular-A utom aton P rofiling o f A coustic D ata for Feature Extraction
o f Turbulent Flow in O ccluded C arotid A rte r ie s ..........................................................................................................216
Matthew Burley and Gillian Pearce
Track 05-E: Discrete Event and Real Time Systems
M odelling o f Process C ontrol that have T im e D elay: V erification
o f A lgorithm s Suitable for P rocess C ontrol C ontain ing T im e D elay
by S im u la tio n ........................................................................................................................................................................... 221
Mikulas Alexik
D SP Im plem entation o f T im e D elay E stim ation B ased on B ufferable A verage
Square D ifference M a tr ix .....................................................................................................................................................227
E rf an Soltanmohammadi, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Dastgerdi, and Amir Hossein Rezaie
Tow ards an E fficient P rotocol D evelopm ent Process in the ShoX N etw ork
S im u la to r.................................................................................................................................................................................... 233
Peter Janacik, Johannes Lessmann, Tales Heimfarth, and Michael Karch
Track 06-F: Image, Speech and Signal Processing
H ierarchal Spatio-color Im age Indexing and Retrieval B ased on a S tochastic
M o d e l.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 239
FaruqA. Al-Omari, Mohammad A. Al-Jarrah, and Maher M. Omari
Feature Extraction U sing O verlay B locks and M axim al E igenvalues for Im age
R e tr ie v a l..................................................................................................................................................................................... 243
Hui Zhao, Jimin Lee, Minhyuk Chang, Jonghun Chun, and Jongan Park
C B IR B ased on A daptive Segm entation o f H SV C olor S p a c e ................................................................................ 248
Youngeun An, Muhammad Riaz, and Jongan Park
M otion Estim ation U sing the G radien t M ethod by G enetic A lg o rith m ................................................................252
Mostafa Attaran Kakhki, Dawood Seyed Javan, Omid Hashemi Ghouchani, and Habib Rajabi Mashhadi
D esign o f Post-M apping Fusion C lassifiers for V oice-B ased A ccess C ontrol
S y s te m ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 256
Syazilawati Mohamed and Wahyudi Martono
Real Tim e Face R ecognition System B ased on EBG M F ra m e w o rk ..................................................................... 262Ahmed Zeeshan Pervaiz
viii
Classification of Settlements in Satellite Images Using Holistic FeatureE x trac tio n ................................................................................................................................................................................... 267
Abida Najab, Irs had Khan, Muhammad Arshad, and Farooq Ahmad
Interference C ancellation w hen D irection-of-A rrival is T im e-V ary in g ................................................................ 272
Koshy George and Kiran S. Sajjanshetty
Improving Performance in Neural Network Based Pulse Compressionfor Binary and Polyphase C o d e s ........................................................................................................................................ 278
Aditya V. Padaki and Koshy George
C olor Image D enoising w ith M ulti-channel Spatial C olor F il te r in g ......................................................................284Sukadev Meher
U sing G abor Filters as Im age M ultip lier for Tropical W ood Species
R ecognition S y stem ................................................................................................................................................................ 289
Rubiyah Yusof Nenny Ruthfalydia Rosli, and Marzuki Khalid
N ew A pproach in T ransform -B ased Speaker A daptation U sing M inim um
Classification E rro r ..................................................................................................................................................................295
Reza Sahraian, Behzad Zamani, Ahmad Akbari, Ahmad Ayatollahi, and Babak Nasersharif
Track 07-G: Industry, Business and Management
Evaluation Fram e o f T echnological D eveloping Trend Based on Patent
In fo rm atio n ................................................................................................................................................................................ 299Huang Lucheng and Li Yan
A Fuzzy Inference System A pproach for K now ledge M anagem ent Tools
E v a lu a tio n .................................................................................................................................................................................. 305
Ferdinand Murni Hamundu and Rahmat Budiarto
C om petency Based O ptim ized A ssignm ent o f P roject M anagers to P ro je c ts ......................................................311
Mohammad Hassan Sebt, Vahid Shahhosseini, and Mohammad Rezaei
Evaluation on the Industrialization Potential o f Em erging Technologies Based
on Principal Com ponent and C luster A n a ly s is ............................................................................................................. 317
Huang Lucheng and Yuan Yanhua
Pre-considered Factors A ffecting ERP System A doption in M alaysian S M E s .................................................. 323
Siti Shafrah Shahawai and Rosnah Idrus
Evaluation on the Commercialization Potential of Emerging TechnologiesBased on Structural Equation M o d e l................................................................................................................................ 329
Yan Lou, Xiaoyang Fu, and Lucheng Huang
Fram ew ork for Setting the Strategy o f R& D Industry in C h in a ...............................................................................334
Huang Lucheng and Li Xiuqin
IT G overnance and Its Im pact on the Swiss H ea lth ca re .............................................................................................340
Mike Krey, Bettina Harriehausen, Matthias Knoll, and Steven Furnell
A nalysis o f the B elluno Industrial D istrict by M eans o f a Q u es tio n n a ire ............................................................346Marco Remondino, Roberto Schiesari, and Marco Pironti
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Track 08-H: Human Factors, Social & Economic Sciences
Future G lobal O f f ic e ............................................................................................................................................................... 352
Eduard Babulak
A Prediction of the China's Scientific and Technological Input and Outputby A rtificial N eural N etw ork M o d e l .................................................................................................................................357
Zhang Yingnan
A ssessing the U tilization E ffectiveness o f F inancial Crisis B ailout Funds
in China and the U .S ................................................................................................................................................................ 363
Ma Degong and Zhou Liucen
A n A ffective Interface for C onveying U ser F e e d b a c k ................................................................................................369
Savandie Abeyratna, Galina Paramei, Hissam Tawfik, and Rentian Huang
Track 09-J: Engineering: Civil, Mechanical, Chemical, Industrial, Manufacturing and Control
V alidation o f the F inite E lem ent M odel and V ibration C haracteristic o f
the P iezoelectric H ead G im bal A sse m b ly ........................................................................................................................ 375
Nitipan Vittayaphadung and Pruiitkorn Smithmaitrie
3D Control for a T ronconic T e n ta c le .................................................................................................................................380
Giuseppe Boccolato, Ionut Dinulescu, Alice Predescu, Florin Manta, Sorin Dumitru, and Dorian Cojocaru
O ptim izing Safety S tock in M anufacturing Supply C hain M anagem ent: A
System D ynam ics A p p ro a c h ................................................................................................................................................ 386
Rakesh Patel, Lewlyn L.R. Rodrigues, and Vasanth Kamath
State Space M odeling o f T herm al A ctuators Based on Peltier Cells for Indirect
M easurem ents and O ptim al C o n tro l..................................................................................................................................392
Jo do Viana F. Neto, Denis Fabricio Sousa de Sa, and Leandro Rocha Lopes
A Framework for Modeling, Digital Control Design and Simulationso f D y n a m ic ................................................................................................................................................................................ 398
Gustavo A. Andrade, Joao Viana F. Neto, and Leandro Rocha Lopes
Track 10-K: Energy, Power Generation and Distribution
Electric Load P rediction U sing a B ilinear R ecurrent N eural N e tw o rk ..................................................................404
Jae-Young Kim, Dong-ChulPark, andDong-M in Woo
Short Term Load Forecasting Using an Artificial Neural Network Trainedby A rtificial Im m une System Learning A lg o r ith m ...................................................................................................... 408
M.B. Abdul Hamid and T.K. Abdul Rahman
R eal-T im e 3D Sim ulation o f a Pressurized W ater N uclear R e a c to r..................................................................... 414
Janos Sebestyen Janosy, Andras Kereszturi, Gabor Hazi, Jozsef Pales, and Endre Vegh
Some Thoughts on the Problems of Modelling and Simulations of Large ScaleNatural E v e n ts ...........................................................................................................................................................................420
Richard Zobel
Track 11-L Transport, Logistics, Harbour, Shipping and Marine Simulation
Sim ulating C row d M ovem ents U sing Fine G rid C ellular A u to m ata ..................................................................... 428
Siamak Sarmady, Fazilah Haron, and Abdullah Zawawi Talib
Perform ance M odelling o f V irtualized S e rv e r s ............................................................................................................434
Orhan Gemikonakli, Enver Ever, and Eser Gemikonakli
A nalysis o f Fem tocells D eploym ent w ith D ifferent A ir-In te rfaces ....................................................................... 439
Quratulain Kalhoro, Masood Ahmed Kalhoro, Shazia Abbasi, and Khalil Khoumabti
Using Bond-G raph Technique for M odelling and Sim ulating Railw ay Drive
S ystem s.......................................................................................................................................................................................444
José Lozano, Jesús Fêlez, José Manuel Mera, and Juan de Dios Sanz
Predicting Energy M easurem ents o f Service-Enabled D evices in the Future
S m artg rid ....................................................................................................................................................................................450
Domnic Savio, Lubomir Karlik, and Stamatis Karnouskos
D evelopm ent and Sim ulation o f B iochem ical Reactor by using M A T L A B .......................................................456Arash Assadzadeh and S.S. Jamuar
Error A nalysis o f the C om plex K ronecker C anonical F o rm .....................................................................................462
Athanasios A. Pantelous, Athanasios D. Karageorgos, and Grigoris I. Kalogeropoulos
Track 12-M: Virtual Reality, Visualization and Computer Games
M odular Technology in the M odelling o f Large V irtual Environm ents
in D riving S im u la to rs .............................................................................................................................................................468
Carlota Tovar, Ginés Jesús Jimena, José Ma Cabanellas, and Carlos Zoido
Entropy M easurem ent w ith in G raphical S c e n e s ...........................................................................................................474
Richard John Cant and Caroline Sharon Langensiepen
Case Study: V isualization M ethodology for A nalysing N etw ork D a ta ................................................................482
Doris Wong Hooi Ten and Sureswaran Ramadass
Location and Situation B ased Services for Pervasive A dventure G a m e s .............................................................485
Eileen Kuehn and Juergen Sieck
Track 13-N: Parallel and Distribute Architectures and Systems
The Effect o f U sing C ube Connected Cycle for Im proving Locality A w areness
in Peer-to-Peer N e tw o rk s...................................................................................................................................................... 491
Mohammed Gharib, Zeynab Barzegar, and Jafar Habibi
A Stackelberg G am e for M odelling A sym m etric Users' Behavior in G rid
S ch ed u lin g ................................................................................................................................................................................ 497
Joanna Kolodziej, Fatos Xhafa, and Marcin Bogdañski
D ata A llocation in D istributed D ata Base in the N etw ork Using
Modularization Algorithm................................................................................................................................ 503Rezvam Mahmoudie and Sa Eed Parsa
An A utom atic A pproach to G enerate X M L Schem as from Relational M o d e ls ................................................. 509Hossam Jumaa, Jocelyne Fayn, and Paul Rubel
XI
A Sim ulation o f Cache Sub-banking and B lock B uffering as Pow er R eduction
Techniques for M ultiprocessor Cache D e s ig n ...............................................................................................................515
Jestoni V. Zarsuela, Anastacia Alvarez, and Joy Alinda Reyes
Heuristics-Aided Load Balancing in Distributed Systems and NodePrioritization: A n Intelligent A p p ro a c h ............................................................................................................................ 521
Shardul Jain, Himanshu Singh, Ankur Chauhan, Deepak Pandey, and Satish Chandra
A Scalable H LA RTI System B ased on M ultip le-FedServ A rch itec tu re .............................................................. 527
Ding Yong Hong, Fang Ping Pai, Shih Hsiang Lo, and Yeh Ching Chung
Track 14-P: Internet Modelling, Semantic Web and Ontologies
Architectures Based on Services for Education and Physics R esea rch ..................................................................533Eliza Consuela Isbasoiu
A Com m on Inform ation Exchange M odel for M ultiple C4I A rch itec tu res..........................................................538
Abdullah S. Alghamdi, Zeeshan Siddiqui, and Syed S.A Quadri
Track 15-R: Mobile/Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Mobicast, Sensor Placement, Target Tracking
N odes Localization in W ireless Sensor N etw orks Based on Learning A u to m a ta ..............................................543Monireh H. Sayadnavard, Abolfazl T. Haghighat, and Marjan Abdechiri
FSPNS: Fuzzy Sensor P lacem ent Based on N eighbors S ta te ................................................................................... 549
Amjad Osmani, Abolfazl T. Haghighat, Mehdi Dehghan, and Pay am Emdadi
Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence on Free Space Optical Multi-carrier CodeD ivision M ultiple A ccess (M C -O C D M A ).......................................................................................................................553
Tanveer Ahmed Bhuiyan, Samiul Hayder Choudhury, A sif Al-Rasheed,
and Satya Prasad Majumder
An A lgorithm for M ulti Service C ontinuity in M ulti Radio Access C ellu lar
N e tw o rk s .....................................................................................................................................................................................558
Belal Abuhaija andKhalid Al-Begain
Perform ance Evaluation o f M ultim edia A pplications over an O LSR-Based
M obile A d Hoc N etw ork U sing O P N E T .........................................................................................................................567
Patrick Sondi, Dhavy Gantsou, and Sylvain Lecomte
Cooperative Alert-Filers for Network Surveillance....................................................................................... 573Joshua Ojo Nehinbe
Track 16-S: Performance Engineering of Computer & Communication Systems
Perform ance Prediction o f Parallel C om putation o f Stream ing A pplications
on FPGA P la tfo rm ...................................................................................................................................................................579
Radha Guha and David Al-Dabass
Com parative A nalysis o f Intrusion D etection A p p ro ach es........................................................................................586Iftikhar Ahmad, Azween B. Abdullah, and Abdullah S. Alghamdi
Exploring a N ew M arkov Chain M odel for M ultiqueue S y stem s............................................................................592Glenford Mapp, Dhawal Thakker, and Orhan Gemikonakli
A nalytical Evaluation o f Energy and Throughput for M ultilevel C a c h e s ............................................................ 598Muhammad Yasir Qadri and Klaus D. McDonald-Maier
A nalyzing Legacy System 's In terfaces through M onte C arlo S im u la tio n ............................................................ 604Hessa Almuzaini and Sami Habib
Impact of Traffic Patterns and Burst Assembly on Energy Consumptionin OBS N e tw o rk s ..................................................................................................................................................................... 609
Dong-Ki Kang, Won-Hyuk Yang, RongXie, and Young-Chon Kim
D esign o f G eneric F loating Point M ultip lier and A dder/Subtractor U n i t s .............................................................615
Lamiaa SayedAbdel Hamid, Khaled Shehata, Hassan El-Ghitani, and M ohamedElSaid
Perform ance A nalysis o f Energy Savings according to Traffic Patterns
in E thernet w ith Rate A d a p ta tio n ....................................................................................................................................... 619
Won-Hyuk Yang, Dong-Ki Kang, Fei Tong, and Young-Chon Kim
Track 17-T: Circuits, Sensors and Devices
A 3rd O rder B utterw orth G m -C F ilter for W iM A X R eceivers in a 90nm
CM O S P ro c e s s .......................................................................................................................................................................... 625
Sherwin Paul R. Almazan and Maria Theresa G. de Leon
Perform ance o f Single Junction Therm al V oltage C onverter (SJTV C ) at l
M H z via Equivalent E lectrical C ircuit S im u la tio n ........................................................................................................631Mamdouh Halawa and Najat Al-Rashid
A M ethod for C alibrating M icro E lectro M echanical System s A ccelerom eter
for Use as a T ilt and Seism ograph S e n s o r .......................................................................................................................637
Pooya Najafi Zanjani and Ajith Abraham
C om parison o f LN A T opologies for W iM A X A pplications in a Standard
90-nm CM O S P ro c e ss .............................................................................................................................................................642
Michael Angelo G. Lorenzo and Maria Theresa G. de Leon
O ptim ization o f P rocessor A rchitecture for Im age Edge D etection F il te r ............................................................ 648
Zahraa Elhassan M. Osman, Fawnizu Azmadi Hussin, andNoohul Basheer Zain Ali
Track 18-U: e-Science and e-Systems
A Secure U biquitous C om puting A pproach for Serving E lderly C it iz e n s ...........................................................653K. Kumar, J. Nafeesa Begum, and V. Sumathy
Rem ote Patient D isease D iagnosing and Treatm ent Prototype for Third
W orld/R em ote A reas U sing Real T im e P ro to c o ls ........................................................................................................ 659Ijaz Ud Din
Author Index............................................................................................................................665
xiii
Author IndexAbbasi, Shazia..................................................439
Abbod, M .F............................................................57
Abdechiri, M arjan.................................... 98, 543Abdullah, Azween B ...................................... 586Abeyratna, Savandie..........................................369Abraham, Ajith................................................... 637Abreu, José Alano Peres de............................... 74Abuhaija, Belal................................................... 558Adedokun, Joseph Adesola........................... 147Ahmad, Farooq...................................................267Ahmad, Iftikhar............................................... 586Ajileye, Oluwaseun Olasummbo....................147Akbari, Ahmad................................................... 295Al-Begain, Khalid........................................... 558Al-Dabass, David..................................... 22, 579Alexik, Mikulas.................................................. 221Alghamdi, Abdullah S................. 131, 538, 586Ali, Noohul Basheer Zain................................ 648Al-Jarrah, Mohammad A ................................. 239Al-Jumeily, Dhiya........................................... 179Almazan, Sherwin Paul R ............................. 625Al-Mudimigh, Abdullah S................................142Almuzaini, Hessa............................................... 604Al-Omari, Faruq A ............................................ 239
Al-Rasheed, Asif................................................553Al-Rashid, Najat.................................................631Al-Shareef, A .J..................................................... 57
Alvarez, Anastacia.............................................515Alvarez, Anastacia B......................................... 153An, Youngeun.................................................. 248
Andrade, Gustavo A ..........................................398Ardalan, Adel...................................................... 201
Arshad, Muhammad..........................................267Asquith, J ..............................................................191Assadzadeh, Arash..........................................456
Ayatollahi, Ahmad......................................... 295
Azimi, S. M ohammad....................................... 16Babulak, Eduard.................................................352Bahrami, Helena...................................................98Baker, Thar..........................................................179Barbera, Simone............................................... 104Barzegar, Zeynab...............................................491Begum, J. Nafeesa............................................. 653Bhat, Jayesh Sudhir............................................. 68Bhattacharya, Arijit............................................. 22Bhuiyan, Tanveer Ahmed................................553
Boccolato, Giuseppe......................................... 380Bogdanski, M arcin............................................497Bolshakovs, Vitalijs...........................................169Brookfield, P..................................................... 191Budiarto, Rahmat...............................................305Burley, M ............................................................. 191Burley, Matthew................................................216Cabanellas, José M a..........................................468Cacucci, Sabino..................................................104Cant, Richard John............................................474Chandra, Satish..........................................51, 521Chang, M inhyuk................................................ 243Chauhan, Ankur................................................. 521
Cherian, Carathedathu M athew........................39Choubey, N .S...................................................... 92Choudhury, Samiul Hayder.............................553Chun, Jonghun....................................................243Chung, Yeh Ching.............................................527Cojocaru, Dorian............................................... 380
Dastgerdi, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini................. 227Degong, M a........................................................ 363
Dehghan, M ehdi................................................ 549Din, Ijaz U d........................................................ 659Dinulescu, Ionut................................................ 380
665
Author IndexDraa, Amer.............................................................45Dumitru, Sorin.................................................... 380
El-Ghitani, Hassan............................................. 615ElSaid, Mohamed............................................615Emdadi, Payam...................................................549Ever, Enver..........................................................434Faez, Karim............................................................98Faieghi, Mohammad Reza..................................16Farid, Jorge A ........................................................74Fayn, Jocelyne.................................................... 509Fedi, Francesco................................................... 104Félez, Jesús..........................................................444Frank, Heinz........................................................... 1Fu, Xiaoyang....................................................329
Fumell, Steven....................................................340Gantsou, Dhavy.................................................. 567Gemikonakli, Eser............................................. 434Gemikonakli, Orhan.............................. 434, 592George, Koshy................................. 68, 272, 278Gharib, M ohammed...........................................491Gholami, Mehdi Fahmideh...............................122Ghomi, Mohammad............................................. 28Ghouchani, Omid Hashemi.......................... 252Goodarzi, M ahdi...................................................28Goodarzi, M ahmood............................................ 28Guha, Radha........................................................579Habib, Sami.........................................................604
Habibi, Jafar............................................ 122,491Haghighat, Abolfazl T ............................ 543, 549Halawa, Mamdouh..........................................631Hamid, Lamiaa Sayed Abdel...........................615Hamid, M.B. Abdul...........................................408Hamundu, Ferdinand M um i............................ 305Haron, Fazilah..................................................428Harriehausen, Bettina.....................................340
Harshangi, Prashanth.......................................... 68Hashim, Siti Zaiton M ohd................................. 80Hazi, Gabor...................................................... 414
Heimfarth, Tales.............................................. 233Higuera, 1...........................................................195Hong, Ding Yong............................................527Huang, Lucheng.............................................. 329Huang, Rentian................................................ 369Hussain, Tazar................................................. 131Hussain, Zakaria.............................................. 206Hussin, Fawnizu Azmadi.............................. 648Idrus, Rosnah....................................................323Isbasoiu, Eliza Consuela..................................533Jailani, Rozita...................................................206Jain, Shardul.................................................51, 521Jamuar, S.S....................................................... 456Janacik, Peter....................................................233Janosy, Janos Sebestyen................................ 414Javan, Dawood Seyed...................................... 252Jayaraj, Nivethitha...............................................39Jimena, Ginés Jesús........................................ 468Jiménez, Emilio....................................................86Jumaa, Hossam................................................ 509Kakhki, Mostafa Attaran............................... 252Kalhoro, Masood A hm ed..............................439Kalhoro, Quratulain........................................ 439Kalogeropoulos, Grigoris 1............................462Kamath, Vasanth............................................. 386Kang, Dong-Ki........................................ 609, 619Karageorgos, Athanasios D .......................... 462Karch, M ichael................................................ 233Karlik, Lubomir............................................... 450Kamouskos, Stamatis.....................................450Kereszturi, Andras...........................................414Khalid, M arzuki.................................................289
666
Author IndexKhan, Gul Faraz............................................... 131
Khan, Irshad........................................................267Kharat, M .U.......................................................... 92Khoshnevis, Sedigheh.................................... 122Khoumabti, Khalil.............................................439Kim, Jae-Young.................................................404Kim, Young-Chon.................................. 609, 619Knoll, M atthias...................................................340Kolodziej, Joanna.............................................. 497Krey, M ike.......................................................... 340Kuehn, Eileen..................................................... 485Kumar, K ............................................................. 653Kundra, Rohan.......................................................11Langensiepen, Caroline Sharon..................... 474Latorre, Juan Ignacio...........................................86Lecomte, Sylvain............................................... 567Lee, Jimin............................................................ 243Leon, Maria Theresa G. de................... 625, 642Lessmann, Johannes..........................................233Liucen, Zhou.................................................... 363Lo, Shih Hsiang..................................................527Lopes, Leandro Rocha.............................392, 398Lorenzo, Michael Angelo G ............................642Lou, Yan.............................................................. 329Lozano, José....................................................... 444Lucheng, Huang............................ 299, 317, 334Mahmoudie, Rezvam........................................ 503Majumder, Satya Prasad.................................. 553Manta, Florin...................................................... 380Mapp, Glenford..................................................592Martinez, M .L..................................................... 195Martono, Wahyudi............................................ 256Mashhadi, Habib Rajabi...................................252Massoud, Rasha................................................. 212McDonald-Maier, Klaus D ..............................598
Meher, Sukadev............................................... 284
Mera, José M anuel..........................................444Merkuryeva, Galina..................................169, 186Meshoul, Souham................................................ 45Mohamed, Syazilawati...................................256Nabhan, Mohammed M. A1.............................. 62Najab, Abida.....................................................267Nasersharif, Babak..........................................295Nehinbe, Joshua Ojo.........................................573Neto, Joäo Viana F......................... 74, 392, 398Nitin, Nitin............................................................. 11Omar, M .................................................................33Omari, Maher M .............................................. 239Osman, Zahraa Elhassan M .......................... 648Osmani, Am jad.................................................. 549Otero, Carlos E ................................................ 137Otero, Luis D ....................................................137Padaki, Aditya V ............................................. 278Pai, Fang Ping.................................................... 527Pales, Jozsef........................................................414
Paltanea, Marius.............................................. 116Pandey, Deepak............................................... 521Pantelous, Athanasios A ................................ 462Paramei, Galina............................................... 369Park, Dong-Chul................................................404Park, Jongan............................................ 243, 248Parsa, Sa Eed....................................................503Patel, Rakesh....................................................386Pearce, G .................................................. 191, 195Pearce, Gillian..................................................216Pecherska, Jelena.............................................159Pérez, M ercedes................................................... 86
Perkinson, N .D ....................................... 191, 195Pervaiz, Ahmed Zeeshan...............................262Pironti, M arco.................................................... 346
667
Author IndexPredescu, Alice................................................ 380Qadri, Muhammad Yasir............................... 598Quadri, Syed S A ............................................. 538Qureshi, Abrar.................................................. 137Rahman, T.K. Abdul......................................408Rai, M ................................................................ 191Ramadass, Sureswaran...................................482Reas, Rosario M .............................................. 153Remondino, M arco......................................... 346Reyes, Joy Alinda............................................515Reyes, Joy Alinda P ...........................................153Rezaei, M ohammad........................................ 311Rezaie, Amir Hossein.....................................227Riaz, Muhammad............................................248Rodrigues, Lewlyn L.R................................. 386Romero, G ........................................................ 195Rosli, Nenny Ruthfalydia..............................289Rubel, Paul....................................................... 509Ruggieri, Marina............................................. 104S., Ganesh Vaidyanathan...................................39Sá, Denis Fabricio Sousa de......................... 392Sabharwal, Ankit..................................................51Sabouri, Ahmad............................................... 201Sahraian, Reza..................................................295Sajjanshetty, Kiran S......................................272Sallehuddin, Roselina......................................... 80Sanz, Juan de Dios............................................ 444Sarmady, Siamak.............................................428Savarese, Giovanni.......................................... 104Savio, Domnic..................................................450Sayadnavard, Monireh H ............................... 543Scheiber, Emesc.............................................. 116Schiesari, Roberto........................................... 346Sebt, Mohammad Hassan..............................311Sembok, Tengku Mohammed...........................62
Shahawai, Siti Shafrah...................................323Shahhosseini, Vahid.......................................... 311Shahidi-Nejad, Reza..........................................201Shams, Fereidoon............................................. 122Shamsuddin, Siti M ariyam................................ 80Shehata, Khaled................................................. 615
Shen, Ningqiao................................................. 175Shquier, Mohammed M. A bu........................... 62Siddiqui, Zeeshan.............................................. 538Sieck, Juergen.....................................................485Sieck, Jürgen........................................................... 2Singh, Himanshu................................................ 521Singhal, Harshul.................................................. 11Smithmaitrie, Pruiitkorn...................................375Soltanmohammadi, Erfan................................ 227Sondi, Patrick...................................................567
Stallo, Cosimo.................................................. 104Su, Ying................................................................175Sumathy, V ..........................................................653Susan to, Sani.........................................................22Tabirca, Sabin..................................................... 116Taleb-Bendiab, Azzelarabe........................... 179Talib, Abdullah Zawawi.................................. 428Tangney, M ark................................................ 116Tawfik, Hissam............................................... 369Ten, Doris W ong H ooi.....................................482Thakker, Dhawal................................................592Todinov, M ichael............................................ 163Toha, S.F........................................................... 110Tokhi, M. Osman...............................................206
Tokhi, M .0 ................................................ 33, 110Tong, Fei...........................................................619Tovar, Carlota.....................................................468Ullah, Zahid.........................................................142Vecherinska, Olesya..........................................186
668
Author IndexVegh, Endre...................................................... 414
Vittayaphadung, N itipan............................... 375
Wang, Frank Zhigang........................................... 7Weissberger, Ira................................................. 137Wong, C. Jadun J ................................................191Woo, Dong-Min.............................................. 404Xhafa, Fatos................................................... 9, 497Xie, Rong............................................................ 609Xiuqin, Li..........................................................334Yan, Li.................................................................299Yang, Won-Hyuk................................... 609, 619
Yanhua, Yuan.................................................... 317
Yesufu, Thomas Kokumo................................147Yingnan, Zhang............................................... 357Yusof, Rubiyah..................................................289Zaidan, M A ........................................................ 33Zamani, Behzad.................................................295Zanjani, Pooya Najafi...................................... 637Zarsuela, Jestoni V ......................................... 515Zhao, Hui............................................................ 243
Zobel, Richard................................................... 420Zoido, Carlos......................................................468
669
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Keynote Speakers
□ Throwing of Axial-Symmetric Objects in Production SystemsHeinz Frank
□ Wireless Communication, Multimedia and Web Technologies for MuseumsJürgen Sieck
□ Advances in Grid Computing: Tenfold Acceleration of Computing Using the Internet/Grid
Frank Zhigang Wang
2010 12th International Conference on Com puter M odelling and Simulation
Keynote Abstract I
Throwing of Axial-Symmetric Objects in Production Systems: Investigating of Throwing as a New Technology for Production Systems
Heinz FrankReinhold-Wuerth-University o f the Heilbronn-University, Germany
frank@ hs-heilbrom. de
AbstractThe author is convinced, that throwing o f objects will achieve an increasing relevance in the production systems
of the future. This new technology will allow the implementation o f logistic functions like transportation, commissioning and sorting for work pieces, assemblies, products, packaging and others with very high speeds and with very high flexibility. At the beginning of the talk the potential of this new technology will be discussed.
Afterwards the actual state o f the art for throwing o f ball shaped objects will be described. In various research works camera systems were developed which are measuring the trajectories o f flying balls and which are controlling robots to capture the balls. In a research project of the author throwing devices were developed, which are able to throw balls with a high accuracy directly into predefined stationary targets. Such a target can be for example the gripper of a robot. The most important challenges for this approach are the calculation o f the throwing parameters to success the target and the control o f accurate launching motions. The advantages of this approach are that the camera system and the tracking o f the robot for capturing the balls are not required anymore.
An important class for the geometric shapes o f realistic objects in production systems are axial symmetric objects. For throwing such objects not only their trajectories but also their orientations must be considered during a flight. Based on the fundamentals in the fields o f ballistic and flow mechanics several physical effects will be explained, which are acting especially on cylinders, during a flight. Some of them are working to destabilize and others to stabilize their orientation.
Finally throws of some real axial symmetric objects, like work pieces from mechanical manufacturing systems and packaging from the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, will be presented on videos. Different stabilization effects like shoulder stabilization, arrow stabilization and spin stabilization are keeping the direction of these objects during their flight in a determined orientation. Based on these examples for axial-symmetric objects sub classes can be defined, which are suited for throwing with good flight stability.
Author’s BiographyHeinz Frank received the M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering, Control- and
Automation Engineering, from the Stuttgart University, Germany, in 1979. In the same year he joined the Institute for Control Engineering o f Machine Tools and Manufacturing Equipment at the same university, were he received his Ph.D in 1985.From 1985 to 1991 he worked at the machine tool company Liebherr Verzahntechnik,Kempten, Germany. There he was in charge for the development o f control systems for flexible manufacturing systems and production lines for the automotive industry.
Since 1991 he has been with the Reinhold-Wuerth-University of the Heilbronn University in Kuenzelsau, Germany. His fields o f teaching are electrical engineering and automation engineering. In his research work he has two fields of interest, which are fast mechatronic systems and industrial communication systems. Currently his main projects are throwing/shooting as a new technology for logistic functions in production systems and the application o f the new standard IEC 61850 for distributed energy resources.He is a member in particular in the IEEE Robotics & Automation Society and in the TC-BACM (Building, Automation, Control, and Management) o f the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. He is also active working in several other scientific groups in Germany.
2010 12th International Conference on Com puter M odelling and Sim ulation
Wireless Communication, Multimedia and Web Technologies for Museums
Jürgen SieckUniversity of Applied Sciences HTW Berlin, [email protected]
Abstract - This article describes several technical aspects o f mobile devices, sensor networks, web technologies, multimedia applications, and context sensitive services in information systems for museums developed at the author’s university. Additionally, this paper describes several ideas and techniques o f Green IT. It examines key features o f the technologies and the systems, shows multiple methods of using mobile devices, sensor systems and multimedia as well as future research potentials.
Keywords - wireless information systems, mobile devices, sensor networks, multimedia, web technology, context sensitive services, IT-infrastructure in museums, Green IT
I. In t r o d u c t io n
The development of sensor technology, mobile devices, multimedia and web technologies during the past 25 years has continually affected the creation o f new mobile multimedia applications based on emergent technologies. While newly developed device types with different technical specifications have surrounded us in our everyday life and private environment, new base technologies have also been established step-by-step.
Industrial standards and paradigms tremendously affect inventions and developments in the mobile sector nowadays, starting in the field of ergonomic hardware design for the mobile market and ending with common patterns for highly effective software engineering and electrical power-efficient hard- and software.
By combining the advantages o f established technologies with these new approaches and furthermore adapting those criteria to the different user needs and application scenarios, including the special context of the location of the users and the specific environmental conditions, we are able to extend existing applications with new mobile components and services. Moreover, highly innovative concepts can be realised and integrated in a given environment with minimal electrical power consumption.
I I . R F ID S e n s o r N e t w o r k s a n d C o n t e x t S e n s it iv e S e r v ic e s o n t h e B a s is o f t h e
O p e n B e a c o n T e c h n o l o g y
OpenBeacon is an active RFID device. It operates in the 2.4. GHz ISM band and each device contain a unique ID.
OpenBeacon is designed to transmit and receive radio waves. The advantages of an active RFID system are:
• high range,
• transfer o f more than just an unique ID,
• cryptograph ically secure,
• full processor on the tag and base station side,
• tags can control peripheral devices.
The OpenBeacon technology consists of two main components - the tags and the base stations.OpenBeacon base stations are small network devices to receive and process the signals sent by OpenBeacon tags. The OpenBeacon tags are tiny battery-powered devices and consist of a RF24L01 2.4 GHz transceiver controlled via a microcontroller (Microchip PIC16F684). The device is powered with one CR2032 coin cell and is expected to run for up to several months without battery change. The 8-Bit RISC CPU with special low-power features provides the opportunity to implement a very sleek and power efficient transmitting routine at minimal costs.
Every tag transmits six to eight times per second and operates sequentially at four different power levels. The illustration describe the transmitted protocol:
- * l T x J steep Tx steep Tx steep T x s leep j 1 - -
| 1 Byte t Byt» 1 0 *1»»iMwujeri 1 Byt«
»«ju*nc* m im or « By»
OKI uR 4 B»« 2 8, 1« 1
Fig. 1. OpenBeacon protocol
The OpenBeacon tag sends not only the unique ID, but can also send much other information. The unique ID, the specific information o f an OpenBeacon tag and the packet loss per period can be used for distance and position estimation and for the development of location and context based services.
Location and context based services as well as mobile information systems and multimedia applications require the same computer, sensor and network components. Not
978-0-7695-4016-0/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE DOI 10.1109/UKSIM.2010.128
2 c|» computersociety
only the hardware components of the different IIIOpenBeacon applications are the same, but also the software components. We built a standardised modular toolbox for the different OpenBeacon applications which contains software modules and hardware components. We use this toolbox to also build standard system architecture.
C o n t e x t S e n s it iv e M o b il e M u l t im e d ia G u id e
(T h e P o s e id o n p r o j e c t )
Aggregator Prom etheus
M ediensta tion
(TP)
Fig. 2. O penBeacon standard system architecture
The project Poseidon was established in a co-operation between the Jewish Museum Berlin, the Humboldt- University, the University o f Applied Sciences Berlin (HTW) and two companies Acoustiguide and Bitmanufactur. Here, the main focus o f the Poseidon project is to design mobile multimedia indoor information systems, context sensitive services based on a RFID sensor network in the Jewish Museum Berlin and to personalise information systems based on passive RFID tags. The challenges in the project Poseidon are the realisation of these services and systems throughout the building as well as within the permanent and temporary exhibitions with the following requirements:
• high performance,• reliability and precision,• cost-efficiency,• subtle installation,• easy maintenance.
In order to fulfil all requirements we developed a RFID based positioning system. The main components of the System are active RFID transponders located at different locations with 10 to 15 meters spacing between each transponder and a mobile device-based determination of the position as well as passive RFID transponders in tickets and on artefacts in the museum. Each active RFID transponder for example sends signals with four different signal strengths (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and unique signal IDs. The mobile device determines the closest transponder.
After finding the actual position, the multimedia guide system collects the relevant data and presents only information that is relevant to the museum artefacts in the immediate proximity of the visitor.
The intuitive graphical interface, the location and context sensitive information retrieval as well as the personal pre-configuration of the multimedia guide provide additional value to the user and help them to explore museums and towns more effectively.
The standard system architecture consists of:• Aggregator: a simple server to collect all incoming
OpenBeacon tag frames. The Aggregator decrypts the frames and relays them to the Prometheus server.
• Prometheus: is the core for the location based content delivery. This server determines the position of the tags and notifies the coupled devices of position changes.
• CMS: the content management system is the central management system. It manages the workflow for data management and delivery. It provides the logic for loose coupling devices.
• Media Station: a media station provides special contents for visitors, such as movies, interactions and textual information. The video station provides mechanism to synchronise an audio stream, locally stored on the mobile device. Visitors with the mobile device can watch and listen to a video in different languages simultaneously.
• Mobile devices: are the clients o f the application. The device is loose coupled with an OpenBeacon tag. Mobile devices provide all the content for visitors, such as audio tracks, video, pictures and textual information.
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Fig. 3. G raph ica l U se r In te rface o f th e P ose id o n G uide
Additional applications are possible. The user can access more detailed information about the visited artefacts and additional information about other artefacts in the exhibition that the visitor did not see.
If the visitor wants to have more information about the objects in the room and the attached recipes he has to place the spoon on the plate. The RFID reader under the plate receives the ID from the spoon and sends the ID with a time stamp to the server. If the transfer of the ID was successful the media station generates an optical and acoustic feedback. Now the visitor knows that he collected the recipes on his spoon.
There are 3 recipes of 3 different categories in each room. The 3 categories are “5 ingredients”, “5 senses” and “5 minutes”. The “Koscher & Co” context-sensitive software decides which recipes fit best for the visitor. The selection of recipes and category for the specific visitor is dependent on the visit of the exhibition. Criterias are for example the visited media station, the sequence and the duration of the visit.
5 INGRE 5 MINUTESDIENTS
Fig. 4. Content o f the Poseidon Guide.
The museum can also recommend additional tours through the museum. The staff members can use the data and sensor networks for the management of the museum and the exhibition.
5 SENSES ALACARTE
IV. “A L a C a r t e ” In s t a l l a t io n - p e r s o n a l is e d
INFORMATION SYSTEMS BASED ON PASSIVE RF1D TAGS
(T h e P o s e id o n p r o je c t )
The main idea of the RFID based “A La CARTE” installation is data collection without a typical computer interface. The visitor o f the museum receives as an entrance ticket a spoon with an attached passive RFID tag and a short description how to use the spoon for data collection. In addition there is a unique spoon (RFID-) ID and the URL of the “Koscher & Co” Website printed on the spoon. The user will find in each of the 10 rooms of the temporary exhibition one media station. The media station consists o f a plate, a hidden RFID reader and a tiny hidden computer. The plates have unique labels for example fish, lamb, grapes, chicken, and pomegranates. The user will see only the plate and only the spoon and the plate can interact.
Fig. 5. passive RFID tag & reader.
[ " ........................ A LA CARTE - TAKE-AW AY RECIPES
Fig. 6. Personalise W ebpage o f “Koscher & Co”
After the visit to the museum the visitor can go to the website. First they log in (enter the ID of the spoon). After that they will see their profile, the category and the collected recipes. The visitor can continue to visit the exhibition - not the real but the virtual exhibition. They can for example collect more recipes from their category but also recipes o f the other two categories. To do so they have to go to a virtual table with 10 plates and have to place the virtual spoon on a specific plate. They can do that with three tables for each category. An empty plate means the attached recipe is not collected and a plate with food means the recipes is collected. This is implemented as a flash game.
V. Li viNG Equia - C o n t e n t M a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m , M u l t im e d ia G u id e , M e d ia St a t io n s
a n d C o n t e n t S y n c h r o n is a t io n
The aim of the LIVING EQUIA guide project was to design a multimedia guide to support the presentation of a “plus energy house” that was developed for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2010 in Madrid. Integrated into a sectioned house tour the mobile multimedia guide should provide the media content o f each section and additional information automatically and, according to the current
LOGIN
KOSCHER
4
position of the visitor, the actual context. Very high demands were made on intuitive handling and energy efficiency. Furthermore, a broad support of multimedia formats was required. Since the house tour is located in an outdoor environment it was necessary to develop a position sensing system that detects the crossing of a given barrier, so called checkpoints, accurately. The architecture of the system is shown is figure 7.
The position sensing system uses the OpenBeacon technology to detect a crossing of checkpoints, an efficient low-power server to process the position calculations and a WLAN infrastructure for the communication and the information about position changes. The basis for the position detection is a self developed heuristic.
VI. G r e e n - IT E x t e n s io n f o r P o w e r S a v in g
AudioPosition
- Anfrage AudioPosition---------
-\ \ M edienstation Anfrage Sync \
Inhalte -
/ Anfrage Sync I / iPod Toucl
\ ' / V\—i>| «— ;
CMS I
1 :Position — '
1— OpenBeacon Tag Protocol —I
OpenBeacon Tag Protocol
fWebFrontend
RFID Application Server OpenBeacon BaseStation
Fig. 7. LivingEquia A rchitecture
The central part is the content management system (CMS). Other systems are the position sensing system, called PROMETHEUS and immobile media stations.
The media guide is based on Apple’s iPod Touch. This mobile device provides an intuitive user interface and is very energy efficient. Some native iPod Touch applications are also part of the system. These applications provide for example multimedia content dependent on the position of the user or synchronise language-specific audio on the iPod with the videos of the media stations.
The content and the necessary settings can be managed via the CMS and easily synchronized to the iPod Touch devices as well as to the media stations. Utilising efficient and capable mobile devices, low-power servers and RFID technology we were able to create a system that fits into the environment of a “plus energy house” and enhances the user experience of the house tour.
Content M anagem ent System
iPod Guide
synchronisation request
/ SI content.xml
media request
H» media fileW .1
We use only Green IT certified hardware. We also implement several ideas and techniques to save power. Some of the ideas will be described in the following chapter.
Media stations within exhibitions are usually energy inefficient. They consist o f a small computer, a visual display unit and WLAN access point for audio-video synchronisation. In most museums and exhibitions they will run during the entire opening time, but do the visitors use the stations the whole time? Is it really necessary, that the installation runs permanently in a high power consumption mode? We tested two mechanisms for reducing power consumption. The first idea correspondents to our positioning and is very simple. If users are tracked in a section with a media station, the station will wake up from idle mode. If no user is in a section the station will fall back to the idle mode and shut down the displays and WLAN connection. This simple mechanism saves significant electrical energy.
Secondly, servers and network components consume much electrical energy. We provide services, based on the positioning application, in order to recognise that visitors are in a museum or exhibition area and that there are server requests. If there is no visitor in the area or there are no requests to the server, the server and network components will switch to idle mode and disable certain hardware such as OpenBeacon Base Stations and network components such as switches and WLAN access points.
VII. C o n c l u s io n
Several features of what has already been outlined were developed and tested separately in the projects described above. However, there was limited investigation regarding a potential permanent use of a highly sophisticated mobile information system, which combines these results with the dynamic context and location-based data selection with presentation in a multi-modal manner.
Therefore, two new projects “Poseidon” and “Hardmut” were established in a co-operation between the Jewish Museum Berlin and the University of Applied Sciences HTW Berlin, where the main focus is to design and implement mobile multimedia applications for the Jewish Museum Berlin.
Fig. 8. LivingEquia SynchronisationA c k n o w l e d g m e n t
This paper describes the w ork undertaken in the
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context o f the projects “Poseidon” and “Hardm ut” hosted by the research group “ Information and Communication System s” (IN K A ) that is gratefully funded by the European Regional D evelopm ent Fund (ERDF).
R e f e r e n c e s
[1] Research group “Information and Communication Systems”, HTW Berlin, http://inka.htw-berlm.de
[2] S. Niedermeyer, Cocoon 2 und Tomcat. Galileo Computing, 2005.
[3] M. Hybsier, A. Lang, J. Sieck, K. Sommer, C. Friedrich, Design and implementation o f multimodal museum information systems in a prototype approach for the Berlin Museum o f Modern Art, Proceedings of the Conf. Electronic Imaging and the Visual Arts (EVA), SPK Berlin, 2006, pp. 89-93.
[4] M. Schwarzer, Art & Gadgetry - The Future o f the Museum Visit, published in Museum News, The American Association of Museums, 2001.
[5] J. Mohnke, J. Sieck, History, philosophy, and computer science — How to bring them together to develop an outstanding eLearning tool fo r a museum. Proceedings of the 2007 UICEE 11th Baltic Region Seminar on Engineering Education, Tallinn, June 2007.
[6] J. Schiller, Mobilkommunikation (Mobile Communication), Addison-Wesley, 2003.
[7] Merkle and M. Middendorf: An ant algorithm with global pheromone evaluation fo r scheduling a single machine.
Applied Intelligence, 18(1): 105-111,2003.[8] Fiedler, Hohendorf, Meriac, Mohnke, Reinhardt, Starostik,
localization techniques fo r a mobile museum information system, Proceedings of Wireless Communication and Information, S. 122-133
[9] Ainworth, BE ; Haskell, WL ; Whitt, MC ; Irwin, ML ; Swartz, AM ; Strath, SJ ; O ' Brien, WL ; Basset, DR J. ; Schmitz, K.H ; Emplaincourt, PO ; Jacobs, DR J. ; Leon, AS: Compendium of physical activities: An update of activity codes and MET intensities. In: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32 (2000), S. 489-516
[10] Bauer, Manfred: Vermessung und Ortung mit Satelliten. GPS und andere satellitengestützte Navigationssysteme. 5. Auflage. Heidelberg : Herbert Wichmann Verlag, 2002. - ISBN 3-879-07360-0
[11] Crawford, Chris: Art of Computer Game Design: Reflections of a Master Game Designer. Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 1984. - ISBN 0-078-81117-1
[12] Inc., Apple: Cocoa Fundamentals Guide: The Model-ViewControl ler Design Pattern. http://developer.apple.com/documentation/
[13] Inc. Apple: Apple Developer Connection - Developer Tools andTechnologies Download Xcode. http://developer.apple.com/technology/xcode.html.
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2010 12th International Conference on Com puter M odelling and Simulation
Keynote Abstract II
Advances in Grid Computing: Tenfold Acceleration of Computing Using the Internet/Grid
Frank Zhigang Wang SMIEEE, FBCS
Centre for Grid Computing Cambridge-Cranfield High Performance Computing Facility, United Kingdom
AbstractProfessor Wang and his group have developed a Grid Computing platform, which supports universally network
applications with a speedup o f 2-25. Its associated protocol is the first of its kind worldwide. Best o f all, this platform requires no changes in the way users work with their applications since it conforms the existing IT infrastructures. During his presentation, he is going to show a demo of using this platform to accelerate applications, ranging from IBM DB2, MySQL, Office, Firefox Web Browser, Google Earth to Media Player. This work has won an ACM/IEEE Super Computing Award.
Evolution of network storage architecture: Storage architecture for networks continues to evolve. To deploy storage resources on the network, one can choose to “split” different components in the complete application/data path. A NAS (Network-attached Storage) [1] splits its filesystem via the NFS protocol (server/client mode). A NAS client mounts a file server on a remote disk to its local file tree /mnt/nfs/ via the NFS protocol, and thus applications can access it as if it were local. A NBD (Network Block Device) [2] splits its device driver, making a remote disk on a different machine act as though it were a local disk on the local machine appearing as /dev/nda via a pair o f split device drivers. An iSCSI [3] splits its SCSI bus, allowing a machine to use an iSCSI initiator to connect to remote targets such as disks and tape drives on an IP network for block level I/O. Consequently the target devices appear as locally attached SCSI ones. As a variant or successor of NAS, a Grid-oriented Storage (GOS) appliance splits its specific GOS-FS protocol through introducing parallel streams and GSI (Grid Security Infrastructure) to address larger network latencies on the computational grids.
Table 1 GOS virtualizes and accelerates the access to the remote data for different distributed applications.Applications Performance over NFS/pNFS(PVFS)/AFS//HTTP/FTP Performance over GOS (#tcp) Speedup (max)
1243 s (nfs) 123 s (#tcp = 32)vi/Emacs Opening a 16MB document remotely over EuroAsiaGrid (rtt=20-500ms) with a 4Mbps link to the
Internet10.1
OpenOffice 180 s (nfs) 28 s (#tcp = 32)Writer/Calc/
ImpressSaving a 16 MB modified document remotely over EuroAsiaGrid with a 2 x 100Mbps link to the Internet
6.4
MySQL/ 23971 s (nfs) 4087 s (#tcp=64) 5.9IBM DB2 Backing up a 652 MB genome database via mysqldump over EuroAsiaGrid175 s (ftp) 31 s (#tcp=64)
Firefox Downloading a 16 MB hyperlinked object from a remote Website on EuroAsiaGrid, UK e-Science Grid, etc
5.6
15.3 frames/s (http) 26.9 frames/sMPlayer Playing a 36.4 MB Bondgirls video clip online from a remote Website on EuroAsiaGrid, UK e-
Science Grid, etc1.8
400 s (http) 52 s (#tcp=64)Google Earth Loading a 41.8 MB map into a layer of the Google Earth browser on EuroAsiaGrid, UK e-Science
Grid, etc7.7
411s (DDM over NFSv4) 175 s (DDM over GOS, #tcp = 64)Distributed Data Mining (DDM)
A Drosophila Melanogaster Genome database of 652MB (122 tables) over DiscoveryNet/GOS was used. This size was found to be large enough to average out the network fluctuations. Network latency = 40ms.
2.4
GOS Implementation: The GOS uses Globus XIO to communicate with the parallel stream accelerator engine during a file read/write operation. The Globus XIO framework manages I/O operation requests that an application makes via the user API. The parallel stream driver is responsible for manipulating and transporting user data. The
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GSI driver performs necessary messaging to authenticate a user and the integrity o f the data. The TCP driver executes the socket level transport code contained within to establish a connection to the given contact string.
Key Advances: OpenOffice, MySQL, IBM DB2, Firefox browser, Media Player, Google Earth are deployed on top of GOS. These applications achieve up to tenfold accelerations (Table 1). GOS addresses the challenge of sharing files across LANs with "LAN-like" performance, which is a highly beneficial aspect to the Virtual Organizations (VOs). With the accelerated GOS-FS engine that remains fully compatible with the existing IT infrastructures, users can efficiently manipulate and move remote files and multimedia clips on computational grids.
Scientific Impact: We have proposed and implemented a new Grid-Oriented Storage (GOS) architecture [4], in which a disk drive or disk array with an electronic board connects it directly to the Grid. GOS products fit the thin- server categorization, with re-developed and simplified operating system, and can accelerate tenfold the access to data on the Internet/Grid. Best o f all, this platform requires no changes in the way users work with their Media/Web/Office/Database applications since it conforms to the existing IT infrastructures (POSIX). The developed GOS-FS protocol is the first o f its kind worldwide and a RFC (Request for Comments) is now being drafted in an attempt to include it in the Internet Protocol suite.
References[1] Gibson, G.A.. R. Van M eter, "N etw ork A ttached Storage A rchitecture," Comm, o f the ACM , 2000[2] en.w ikipedia.org/w iki/N B D , 2007[3] en.w ikipedia.org/w iki/lscsi, 2007[4] Frank W ang, Sining Wu, N a Helian, Andy Parker, Y ike Guo, Yuhui Deng, V ineet Khare, G rid-oriented Storage: A SingleImage, C ross-Dom ain, H igh-B andw idth A rchitecture, IEEE Transaction on C om puters, V ol.56, No.4, 2007.
Author’s BiographyProf. Frank Wang is a Fellow o f British Computer Society, Professor and Chair in e-
Science and Grid Computing, Director o f Centre for Grid Computing within the context of Cambridge-Cranfield High Performance Computing Facility (CCHPCF). His appointment is seen as crucial to the initiative o f the CCHPCF, which is a collaborative research facility in the Universities o f Cambridge and Cranfield, with an investment size o f 40 million GBPs. Prof Wang has a publication record including an edited book titled "Encyclopaedia o f Grid Computing", 67 journal papers [14 IEEE Transactions, 5 JAP, 1 APL, 3 ACM publications, etc] and 49 conference papers. Prof Wang is Co-Editor-in-Chief of Encyclopedia o f Grid Computing, Co-Editor-in-Chief o f International Journal o f Grid and High Performance Computing. Prof Wang is also on the Editorial Board o f another 4 international journals. He serves the High End Computing Panel for Science Foundation Ireland (SFI). He was elected as the Chairman (UK & Republic o f Ireland Chapter) o f the IEEE Computer Society in 2005. He serves the UK e-Science Project Panel. Frank is the holder of a number o f EPSRC/DTI/EC grants, totalling 3.5 million euros. He has been invited to report his work at Princeton University, Carnegie Mellon University, Oxford University, Edinburgh University, Manchester University, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Taiwan Tsinghua University, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India) and King's College London, etc. He has fostered a number of collaborations with industrial giants, including IBM, Microsoft, BBC, Xerox, CERN, Rolls Royce, HP and EADS.
2010 12th International Conference on Com puter M odelling and Simulation
Tutorial
Discrete Event-Based Simulation of Grid Computing Systems
Fatos Xhafa Visiting Professor
Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom
Grid systems are emerging as new large scale distributed computing paradigm aiming to manage and allocate geographically distributed computing resources such as processing power, memory, storage and networking to applications and users in an efficient and transparent manner. Grid systems, however, are new paradigms as regards their infrastructure, specific software and deployment, making thus their use very difficult and complex for experimental studies o f large-scale distributed applications. The simulation o f such systems is therefore a de facto approach. Although the simulation field is mature and there are fundamental results for the simulation o f distributed computing systems, recent developments in large-scale distributed systems such as Grids, are raising issues not tackled in the simulation o f the traditional distributed systems.
In this tutorial we will present some research and development issues on the design and implementation of Grid computing systems. The tutorial will be organized along the following parts (tentative):
I. Introduction and Motivation■ Grid Computing■ Job Scheduling on Computational Grids
We will introduce the paradigm o f Grid computing, its main concepts and architectures. Also, some examples of paradigmatic Grid middleware (such as Globus) will be shortly introduced. Similarly, we will introduce the scheduling in Grid systems, as a family of problems that arise to support the different needs o f Grid-enabled applications.
We will further motivate the need o f Grid simulators by the new characteristics o f Grid computing systems.
II. Overview of existing Grid simulators in the literature
We will overview some o f the existing proposals of Grid simulators in the literature. Their advantages and limitations will also be discussed.
III. Requirements for Grid simulators
The main requirements for Grid simulation will be analyzed. The focus will be on the new requirements due to the characteristics of Grid systems, not present in traditional distributed systems. The set of the identified requirements is then used as a basis for the development of HyperSim-G Grid simulator (see later).
IV. Discrete Event-based simulation
Some main concepts from discrete event-based simulation will be recalled. Also, the advantage of using it for simulation of large-scale distributed systems, such as Grid systems, will be discussed.
V. Design and implementation of the HyperSim-G simulator
We will then move to the design and implementation of a concrete Grid simulator. In this part o f the tutorial, the design and implementation o f the HyperSim-G simulator will be presented. We will show how the set of requirements o f the Grid simulator was further designed and implemented.
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VI. Web interface for HyperSim-G simulator
We will show a web interface for working with the simulator. The participants will be given the chance to connect to the website (hosted at Technical University of Catalonia, in Barcelona, Spain) and see in practice the HyperSim-G simulator.
VII. Evaluation of HyperSim-G simulator using Genetic Algorithms (GA) based Schedulers
Grid schedulers are useful, among others, for analyzing the performance o f different classes o f schedulers. We will present GA-based schedulers and their analysis using HyperSim-G simulator.
VIII. Research Issues and future developments
The tutorial will conclude with some ongoing research issues and future developments in the field of Grid Computing systems.
Author’s BiographyFatos Xhafa holds a PhD in Computer Science from the Department o f Languages and
Informatic Systems (LSI) of the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain. He is currently a Visting Professor at the Department o f Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck, University o f London (UK). He holds a permanent position o f Associate Professor with tenure (Professor Titular) at the Department o f LSI, UPC (Spain). His research interests include parallel and distributed algorithms, combinatorial optimization, approximation and meta-heuristics, networking systems, distributed programming, Grid and P2P computing.
Dr. Xhafa has widely published in peer reviewed international journals, conferences/workshops, book chapters and edited books and proceedings in the field. Dr. Xhafa has an extensive editorial and reviewing service. He is a member o f Editorial Board o f 9 International peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Journal o f Systems and Software (Elsevier), Journal o f Simulation and Modeling: Practice and Theory (Elsevier), International Journal o f Grid and Utility Computing (Inderscience), International Journal o f Autonomic Computing (Inderscience), among others. He has also guest co-edited many special issues of International peer-reviewed Journals.
Dr. Xhafa is actively participating in the organization of several international research conferences and workshops. He is presently General Chair o f 2nd Int’l Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS-2010), Aristotle University o f Thessaloniki, 24-26 November 2010, Greece; PC Co-Chair of NBiS-2010, the 13-th Int’l Conference on Network-Based Information Systems Takayama, Japan, Sept. 15-17, 2010, PC CoChair o f AINA-2010, the IEEE 24th Int’l Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Application, Perth,Australia, 20-23 April 2010 and General Co-Chair o f CISIS 2010 (4th International Conference on Complex,Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems), held February, 15th - 18th 2010 at Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski College Krakow, Poland.
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2 0 1 0 12ili In t er na t i ona l C o n f e r e n c e o n C o m p u t e r M o d e l l i n g a n d S i m u l a t i o n
Fuzzy Clustering-based Optimised Cell Formation Algorithm Considering Sequence of Operations, Alternative Routing and Part-Volume
Sa n iS u sa n toDepartment of Industrial Engineering. Facultv of
Industrial Tcclinologv Paralnangan Catholic Univcrsil>
Jl Ciumbulcuit 94. Bandung-40141. Indonesia, e-mail: sirh a bdn.ccnlrin.ncl.id
Arijit BhattacharyaEnteiprise Process Research Centre (EPRC). School ol
Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Dublin Cit> Univcrsitx
Glasnevin. Dublin 9. Ireland, e-mail: aniil.bhattachan a2QQ5 a umail.com
David Al-DabassSchool of Computing & Technology
Nottingham Trent University. Nottingham. NGl I XNS. UK.
c-mail: dav id.al-dabass a ntu.ac.uk
Ibstruct— CM is the grouping o f discrete multi-machines that produce part families with similar geometry or sequence o f process anil aims to improve manufacturing systems products i t \ . The methods/models used are classified into: array-based, clustering mathematical programming based (viz., integer programming), graph theoretic, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MC DM) and artificial intelligence techniques. Fuzzy c-means clustering approach has been used to manufacturing cell formation problem by Clin and Hayya, this differs from a previous ones proposed In \ u and Wang, and later l>\ Li and Ding, in the sense that Chu and Hayya use manufacturing routing data rather than design features in part family formation. Optimised cell formation, taking into account sequence o f operations, alternative routing and partvolume together is not present in Chu and Hayya. Thus this paper focuses on stages selection of parts and part families generation, and selection o f machines and process and grouping o f these into cells in the design of a new manufacturing system considering sequence o f operation, alternative routing and part-volumc. One o f the crucial steps in the design o f a cellular manufacturing system is the cell formation problem, which involves grouping the parts into part families and machines into machine groups.
Keywords- fu/./.v clustering, optim ised cell formation, m anufacturing s\ stem s
I. INTI« >1)1 CHON'
Broadly. Cellular Manufacturing (CM) refers to machine, process and man power grouping into cells according to the philosophy of Group Technology (GT) |1 |. CM is the grouping of discrete multi-machines that produce part families with similar geometry or sequence of process |2|. CM is considered as a tool to improve the productiv it> of manufacturing systems. The principle aim of CM is the formation of machine cells and part families |. '|. The methods/models used for this purpose can be classified primarily into: array-based methods, clustering methods, mathematical programming based methods (vi/.. integer
programming |4|). graph theoretic methods. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MC'DM) methods and artificial intelligence techniques. A brief list of research based on this classification is illustrated in Tabic 1.
T;ibli* 1: ( h iss it lm tion o f tin* m ethods used f o i c i l l fo rm ation
M ach in e cell Resell ic hfo rm a tio nm ethods
Arras-based Chu and Isai |5|: Chan and Milner |(>|: Slavic ol al. |7 |: kins: |X|: McConuick ol al. |*)|.
Clustering 1 u /y \ c-moans clustering approach |Clui and Ilaw a 11011: Xu and Wang | l l | : Li and Ding | I2 |: Srinivasan |1|: Wang |L>|. Susanlo ol al. 114|: Susanlo ol al. | I5 |: Li ol al. |l<>|: 1 i ol al. 117 |: 1 o/ano ol al. 11X|.
Mathematical ChiHihinoh |4|: Narayanasuaniy. ol al. |19|programming based Report a non-hiiiary machine compononl
matrix wherein each enlrs indícalos Iho suitability ol a machine to process a part. lavakkoii-Moghaddalll ol al. |20|: Alhadawi el al. 1211: / In i ' el al. |22|. Adil el al. |2.'|: Xlalakooli el al. |24|: I'ham el al. 1251: Arikan el al. 12<<|.
(iraph llioordic Vannolli and Ravi Kumar |27|: Askin el al. |2X|. _
NICDM Alii ol al. |2l)|: Malakooli and Yang |.'0|: 1 ladi'juna |.»11.
Arlilicial Liao el al. |.'2|: Chon and Chong |.V>|:intolliüonco. e.si.. (ioncalvos. J.L. and Rosendo |.'4|: Chu |.'?j:Neural networks. Mak ol al.Genetic Algorithms
Fuzzy c-means clustering approach has been used to manufacturing cell formation problem In Chu and Haw a 11(>|. The method proposed b> |lo | differs from Xu and Wang 11 11 and Li and Ding 112 1 in the sense that Chu and Havya |lo | use manufacturing routing data rather than design features in part family formation. The consideration of optimised cell formation, taking into account sequence of operations, alternative routing and pan-volumc together is not present in Chu and Hawa | lo|.
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In view of the above, this paper focuses on stages selection of parts and part families generation, and selection of machines and process and grouping of these into cells in the design of a new manufacturing system considering sequence of operation, alternative routing and part-volume. One of the crucial steps in the design of a cellular manufacturing system is the cell formation problem, which involves grouping the parts into part families and machines into machine groups.
The organisation of the paper is as follows: Section 2 narrates the background of the research. Section 3 describes optimised fuzzy clustering cell formation methodology. An illustrative example is elucidated in Section 4. Finally, Section 5 concludes the research with a brief discussion on the proposed methodology and its application.
II. BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
Numerous methods are proposed for the cell formation problem under CM scenario. For example, Cheng et al. [37] view the problem as a Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). The solution to their TSP is based on genetic algorithms. Their model consider only 0-1 (binary) machine-part incidence matrix that ignores the sequence of operations in manufacturing parts. Further, Ankan and Giingor [26] report a multi-objective fuzzy mathematical model for the design of a cellular manufacturing system. A Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach is used by [30] to obtain the most preferred alternative for the machine-part cell formation problems when there exists multiple and conflicting goals. Instances are present where fuzzy clustering models have been used [38, 39].
The primary objective of clustering methodology is to partition a given set o f objects into so-called homogeneous clusters (groups) [15, 38], Globally, the clustering problem can be divided into two main categories i.e.. hard clustering, in which an object belongs only to one cluster, and fuzzy clustering, in which every object belongs to all clusters with different degrees of membership.
CM problem formulation is rarely deal with sequence of operation, volume of part and alternate routing simultaneously. Literature reveals that the CM problem is solved with clustering methodology. However, more than 95% cases are with crisp clustering techniques and fuzzified clustering is dealt with in rare occasion considering only any of the aspects, i.e., any of the sequence of operation, volume of part and alternate routing cases. The fuzzy clustering application in forming part clusters and machine-clusters involves finding matrices:
M j. ={UeUeV fc PC
c pu e[0,llVr,i; £ « . =1 Vr, 0< Z u <P Vi
n . , n , ni =1 r = 1
and v e Rpc that minimize the function
J / ( U ,v ) = Z v ( vlri) / ( d r i)2
r=ll=1 — (2) (Sum of square error functionas given in[39]) where
Uri : the degree of membership o f part r to belong to part
cluster i;
dri - ||xr _vii js tilc distance between two vectors Xr and v>;
” is any inner product on Rm;
xr =(xir ,x2r,...,xmr) -s t|)e attribute vector of part r;
vi=(vii>->vmi) eR is the cluster centre of ui ={uh ....u pi 'j'
/ is the degree of fuzziness, / e (1, ° ° ) .
III. FUZZY C-MEANS ALGORITHM
The proposed optimised cell formation algorithm consists o f five major steps as indicated in Figure 1.
Symbols Descriptioni, j. k________Indices for machine, part and part routing respectivelyC Number o f part families, machine groups as well as
_____________ manufacturing cells______________________________
M. P, Machine i and part j respectively
171 Number o f machine-typeNumber o f part-type
r{ j ) Number of routing to manufacture part-type j ( 1 )
R K j ) The k-th routing to manufacture part j (i.e., 1 )
D ,The volume of part j ( 1 ) demanded
V The volume of part j ( 1 ) to be manufactured using
kU) R ._____________ its k-th routing (i.e., k^'>)______________________
The number of inter-cell travel to be experienced by
part j (i.e., J ) when manufactured by its k-th
R H n______________ routing (i.e., J' ) ____________________________
MAs a first step, the machine-part-routmg matrix ( ' ,
P R1 , k<1>) is determined. The matrix is for a particular
situation and the number of manufacturing cells (i.e., the number of part-families and machine groups) to be formed (i.e., c). In the 2nd step, the sequence of operations is ignored initially. The c part families and the C machine groups are
. ( 1) formed. Such formation is carried out utilising the fuzzy c- means clustering algorithm. Next step allows formation of the c manufacturing cells by finding the ‘best match’ between part-families and machine groups. The ‘best match’ is the manufacturing cells with maximum non-zero elements in the machine-part incidence matrix. The ‘best match’ is found by applying the Hungarian (assignment) algorithm.
23
The 4th step of the algorithm calculates k(j) which is theP
number of inter-cell travels experienced by part j ( 1 ) when
it is manufactured by its k-th routing ( ^ '* (-/) ). This step of the algorithm considers the sequence of operations start. The last step of the algorithm relates to optimisation. This step considers the volume of part and part routing start. A detailed description of the symbols used in the algorithm is summarised below:
Figure 1. The optimised fuzzy C-means cell formation algorithm
In the cell formation algorithm the following LP problem is formulated with an aim to minimise the total number of inter-cell travel. Thus, the objective function of the LP model is:
'•(/) nmin z= XX V/)v *o)*-W=i ...(3 )
subject to the constraints that relate to the total number of part produced by the whole associated routing with the total demand of that part, i.e.,
for j = 1, 2 , . . . , p .. .(4 )
where, ^ k[j) are the decision variables and k(n are the objective function coefficients.
r( j )
EV.U,*D,k = 1
IV. NUMERICAL ILLUSTRATION
The devised optimised fuzzy c-means cell formation algorithm is illustrated with the help of a numerical example. Let us consider a machine-part-routing incidence matrix as elucidated in Table 2.
It would be advantageous to assess the proposed algorithm if the step-wise results are provided utilising the proposed cell formation algorithm.
Step 1: The machine-part-routing incidence matrix is as displayed in Table 1. The objective is to form manufacturing cells. Thus, three part families and three machine groups are required to be generated.
Tab le 2. Th e m achine-part-rou ting incidence m atrix
Part-1 P art-2 P art-3
Run R 2ll> Rl(2> R 2(2> R|(J> R201 . i-; RJ(3I
Ml 1 0 1 0 1 I 0 0 0M2 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1M3 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 0M4 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 0 0MS 3 2 0 0 3 2 3 0 2
M6 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 2 0M 7 0 0 0 3 0 4 4 3 0M8 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 3
M9 0 3 0 4 0 0 5 0 4
M 10 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 4 0D, = 1000 D 2 = 2000 D 3 = 3000
Step 2: In the 2nd step of the fuzzy C-means algorithm, the original non-binary machine-part-routing incidence matrix presented in Table 2 is transformed into binary matrix as illustrated in Table 3.
Table 3. The b inary version o f m achine-part-rou ting incidence m atrix inT a b le 2
Part-1 P art-2 P art-3
Rim Rim Rl(2) R;i2i Rj(2) RlOl Rw) R«j> Rjui
M, I 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
M, 1 0 1 0 0 0 I 1 0
m4 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
M, 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
Mc 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
M, 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
M.j 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1Mm 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
v,= 1000 V2 = 2000 V, = 3000
This step involves fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. Matlab® R2007b software is used to form machine groups and part families. In obtaining the machine groups each
24
column of Table 3 serves as vector X in equation 2. As a result, we get the following Table 4 that describes the matrix U, i.e., the degrees of membership matrix for each machine to belong to the three possible machine groups (MG-1, MG-2, and MG-3).
The machine groups are formed based on the maximum degree of membership in Table 4 and the results are:
Machine Group-1 (MG-1) = {M2, M9}Machine Group-2 (MG-2) = {M4„ M6, M7. M10} Machine Group-3 (MG-3) = {M l, M3, M5, M8}
Table 4. Assignment of machines to machine ______________ groups_______ __________
Machine degree of membership to machine
group MachineAssignment
MG-1 MG-2 MG-3
M, 0.0967 0.4169 0.4864 MG-3
m 2 0.9750 0.0095 0.0155 MG-1
m 3 0.1682 0.2716 0.5602 MG-3
m 4 0.2136 0.3973 0.3891 MG-2
m 5 0.3212 0.2560 0.4228 MG-3
m 6 0.0649 0.7973 0.1378 MG-2
M, 0.3021 0.4003 0.2976 MG-2
M8 0.2599 0.1845 0.5556 MG-3
M9 0.9750 0.0095 0.0155 MG-1
Mio 0.0430 0.8266 0.1304 MG-2
Similarly, in getting the part-families, each row of Table 3 serves as vector X in equation 2. Therefore. Table 5 is obtained describing the matrix U, i.e., the degrees of membership matrix for each part-routing for the three possible part families (PF-1, PF-2, and PF-3).
The part families are formed based on the maximum degree of membership in Table 5 and the results are:
Part Family 1 (PF-1) = {R l(l), Rl(2)>Part Family 2 (PF-2) = {R3(2),R1(3),R3(3)}Part Family 3 (PF-3) = {R2(1),R2(2),R2(3),R4(3)}
Step 3: This step involves Hungarian algorithm. As an initial solution Machine Group-c (MG-c) to Part Family-c (PF-c) is assigned so as to form Manufacturing Cell-c (MC- c). This assignment leads to generation of Table 6 which indicates the number of non-zero element in each cell.
In this step, QM for Windows software package (Version 2.1) is used in order to obtain the final solution to the assignment problem. The final solution to the assignment problem is presented in Table 6.
Table 6 shows that, for example, Part-3 is manufactured in MC-2( using routing R l(3) and R3(3)) and in MC-1 ( using routing R2(3) and R4(3)).
Table 5. Assignment of parts to part familiesPart degree of membership
to part family PartAssignment
PF-1 PF-2 PF-3
R u n 0.5701 0.2090 0.2209 PF-1
R a n 0.0357 0.0294 0.9349 PF-3
R i ■ 0.8263 0.1054 0.0683 PF-1
R2(2) 0.2560 0.2641 0.4799 PF-3
R 3QÏ 0.2706 0.6027 0.1267 PF-2
Rl(3) 0.0863 0.8573 0.0564 PF-2
R2(3) 0.2097 0.2298 0.5605 PF-3
R3(3) 0.2906 0.5515 0.1579 PF-2
R-Ml 0.0357 0.0294 0.9349 PF-3
Table 6. Initial solution using the Hungarian method______
PF-1 PF-2 PF-3
MC-1 0 0 8
MC-2 2 9 3
MC-3 7 5 6
Step 4: In this step it is required to calculate the number of inter-cell travel occurred when manufacturing certain part using certain routing, i.e., computation of the values for
k( j ) . This calculation is required to be fed to the LP model in Step 5. The procedures of calculation are indicated below by way of examples from Table 6.
Let us, for example, manufacture Part-2 using routing R l(2) in MC-3. In order to perform this operation three intercell travels are demanded, viz., M3—>M4, M4—>M8, and M8—>M10. This leads to tl(2 ) = 3.
Similarly, manufacturing of Part-1 using routing R l( l) in MC-3 do not call for inter-cell travels. This is because all the machines listed in this routing are all members of MC-3. Therefore, this situation leads to 11(1) = 0
Values for are computed in these fashion as described above. The complete results are as follows:
*10) = 0> tad) = 3
* 1( 2) = 3 * 2(2) = 3 3(2 ) _ 3
* 1 ( 3 ) = *2 (3 ) = 3 ̂ 3(3) _ ^ *4 (3 ) = 2
Step 5: The LP model is formed. Equations (5) - (8) are obtained from equations (3) & (4):
Min z = 0V1(1) +3V2(1)+3V1(2)+3V2(2)+3V3(2)+1V1(3)+3V2(3)+1V3(3)+ 2V4(3) ...(5 )
subject to
25
V1(1)+V2(1)>1000 (6)
V l(2 ) + V 2(2) + V 3(2) - 2 0 0 0 ( 7 )
V](3) + V 2(3) + 3̂(3) + Vt(3) - ^000 ^for all non-negative integer constraint.In addition to the manufacturing cells formed (see Step
3), a solution to the LP model formulated above is as follows:
V l(l)=1000, Vl(2)=2000, Vl(3)=3000, V2(1)=3V2(2)= V3(2)= V2(3)=V3(3)=V4(3)= 0
and z=9000.
V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
From the step 5 of the proposed algorithm it is noticed that the best decision is 9000 inter-cell travels while considering the demand of each part. This is achieved through the production of 1000 units of Part-1 (PI) with its first routing, 2000 units of Part-2 (P2) with its first routing and 3000 units of Part-3 (P3) with its first routing. The other routings are not recommended to be manufactured.
The numerical experimentation indicates the efficacy of the proposed cell formation algorithm that integrates the three manufacturing criteria, i.e., sequence of operations, alternative routing and part-volume. The algorithm optimises three aspects:
(i) firstly, the clustering of machines to form machine groups, and the clustering of part-routings to form partrouting families (or simply, part families), both through the c-means clustering algorithm,
(ii) secondly, the formation of manufacturing cells, through the Hungarian (assignment) algorithm and
(iii) thirdly, the total number of inter-cell travel through the Linear Programming model.
The proposed algorithm is a continuation to authors’ earlier work [1], where fuzzy clustering rather than crisp clustering was applied in forming machine groups and part- families. Based on limited numerical experience, this development lias an advantage as well as a disadvantage compared to the earlier version. The advantage is that the proposed fuzzy C-means algorithm gives the option to select the most appropriate part (machine) assigned to part families (machine groups) due to the various degree of membership resulted from the fuzzy clustering algorithm. The disadvantage is that the proposed algorithm resulted in more inter-cell travels.
R e f e r e n c e s
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Table 6. The form ed m anufacturm ” cells
R2<1) R2<2> 1*2(3) 1*4(3) 1*3(2) U1(3) 1*3(3) 1*1(1) 1*1(2)
M ; 1 1 1 1 o 0 0 0 0
Mo 4 > 4 0 0 ii 0 0
M j 0 •> 0 0 *> (1 ii 0 3
i i (1 0 n 4 : 0 o
M t (i 4 n 0 4 0 0
M 10 ii 0 0 0 "N > 4 () s
M i 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
M , i) 0 : 0 0 0 1 : ■>
M s 2 0 3 "> 3 : n ;> (1
M , 4 0 0 3 0 o (I 4 4
