Types of ships

Prepared and presented by

T Jonas & A Simmonds

introduction

Types of ship

GENERAL CARGO

BULK CARRIERS CONTAINER

ROLL ON ROLL OFF

REEFERS

CRUISE SHIP TANKERS

General cargo

• General cargo ships usually have spacious holds with a carrying capacity of up to 20,000 t

• General cargo includes items which are: – packed (boxes, barrels, bags, packages) – or not packed (pipes, bricks, machinery, rolls of

wire).

• There are also refrigerator chambers to keep perishable foods, and tanks for carrying vegetable oils

General cargo

Bulk carriers

• Bulk-carriers (bulkers) carry loose goods which constitute about 70% of all the shipments carried by sea; speed - 14 - 16 knots, carrying capacity ranging from 30,000 to150,000 t

• Bulk-carriers do not have cargo-handling gear aboard and have their goods loaded/unloaded by means of port devices.

•

Bulk cargo includes: ore, coal and coke; building materials, such as cement and gravel; grain, salt and sugar.

• Bulkers can also be all-purpose i.e. they may export bulk cargo and import oil or vehicles.

Bulk carriers

CONTAINER ships

• Container ships – now have a carrying capacity of up to 30,000 t and speed of over 26 knots

• Goods are carried in huge boxes (called containers) of standard size. These containers, may carry anything:

• Fruit And Meat (In Special Refrigerator Containers), • Chemicals And Acids, Textile, Instruments And

Metals, • TV Sets, Radios And Computers, • Even Cars And Ships!

CONTAINER

Roll on – Roll off (ro-ro)

• Ro-ro ships - used for transporting motor vehicles and other wheeled equipment.

• Ro-ro ships sail at an average speed of 22 knots. A common "representative" of ro-ro type is the car carrier which usually has cars directly loaded on the ship without putting them in containers.

• Modern car carriers are capable of carrying about 6,500 automobiles

Roll on – Roll off (ro-ro)

reefers

• Reefers have a carrying capacity of up to 12,000 t

• They transport perishable foods such as fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and dairy, in holds with good heat and freezing insulation at a temperature varying from -25 C to +13 C depending on the type of cargo

• They sail at a speed of 18-22 knots which is higher than that of the common general-cargo ships because these perishable goods require faster delivery.

Reefer

Cruise ship

• Cruise ships are usually white-painted multi-decked vessels sailing at an average speed of 20-22 knots.

• Ramps at the stern make boarding of passengers easier.

• Also, machinery noise is brought to minimum for the convenience of passengers.

• Restaurants, bars, casinos, discos, swimming pools, fitness centers and shops make cruise ships look like a real resort complex.

Cruise ship

Cruise ship

tankers

• Over 65% of water transport are tankers transporting over 500,000 t crude oil and petroleum products at speeds of 12-20 knots.

• Each tank is equipped with a heating coil to keeps the cargo fluid making pumping easier and faster.

• Ship design also includes a "catwalk" which is a bridge connecting the superstructure (in the rear) with the forecastle (in the front).

• Thus, sailors do not have to walk along the deck to reach the forecastle machinery but can use this bridge. This is done as a safety measure because tankers have quite a low freeboard, and in a storm high waves may flow over the deck and threaten the crew.

tankers

acknowledgement