Irfana Omar

“The

most important thing

in

communication

is

hearing

what isn’t said”

~ Peter Drucker

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

By communication channels

By communication style and purpose

By communication environment

By communication direction

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Verbal

Non-verbal

Types of communication

By

Communication channels

Oral Face-to-face

Telephone

Voice chat

Influenced by Volume

Pitch

Speed

Clarity

Tone

Written Letters, Memos,

Reports

Emails, Fax

Text messages / chat

Influenced by Grammar

Precision

Structure

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

1. A long leave application :

"As my mother-in-law has expired and I am only one

responsible for it, please grant me 10 days leave."

2. A full day leave request :

“I am suffering from fever, please declare one day holiday."

3. A half day leave request :

"Since I've to go to the graveyard at 10 o-clock and I may not return, please grant me half day casual leave"

4. A leave letter to the headmaster:

“As I am working in this organization I am suffering from

headache. I request you to leave me today.“

5.Covering note:

“I am enclosed herewith...”

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Body language

- gestures

- posture

- facial expressions

- hand movement etc.

Use of objects

Use of space

Dress accessories

Graphics (charts, tables, diagrams)

Pictures ,visuals etc.

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Formal

Non- formal

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Types of communication

By

Style and purpose

Occurs in customary styles & settings which are officially recognized e.g.

- conferences

- meetings

- presentations

- assemblies

- letters etc.

Set rules and guidelines

Straight forward, precise and planned

Time and skill consuming

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Formal Communication

not constrained by specified ways

free and casual communication

no time and place boundaries

no rigid rules

grapevine communication

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Non-Formal Communication

Downward

Upward

Horizontal

Uni-dimensional

Multidimensional

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Types of communication

By

Direction

Transmit vital information

Give instructions about do’s & don’ts

Encourage 2-way discussion

Announce decisions

Seek cooperation

Provide motivation

Boost morale

Increase efficiency

Obtain feedback

Maintain discipline

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Downward Communication

Exchange information

Offer ideas

Express enthusiasm

Achieve job satisfaction

Provide feedback

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Upward Communication

Solving problems

Accomplishing tasks

Improving teamwork

Building goodwill

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Horizontal Communication

Barriers between employer & employees

No flexibility

No true feedback

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Uni-dimensional Communication

A

good and personalized

mixof all dimensions

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Multi-dimensional Communication

Internal

External

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

Types of communication

By

Environment

Downward

Upward

Horizontal

Uni-dimensional

Multi-dimensional

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

helps to connect with

- clients

- government

- other organizations

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N

C

O

M

M

U

N

I

C

A

T

I

O

N