Tudor dynastyTudor dynasty

The Tudor monarchsThe Tudor monarchs

Henry VIIHenry VII

1458-15091458-1509Henry VIIIHenry VIII

1509 - 1547 1509 - 1547 Edward VIEdward VI

1547 - 1553 1547 - 1553

Jane GreyJane GreyJuly 1553 July 1553

Mary IMary I

1553 - 15581553 - 1558 Elizabeth IElizabeth I

1558 - 16031558 - 1603

The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a series of The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a series of five monarchs of Welsh origin who ruled England five monarchs of Welsh origin who ruled England and Irleand from 1485 until 1603. Three of them, and Irleand from 1485 until 1603. Three of them, ((Henry VII, Henry VIII and Elizabeth IHenry VII, Henry VIII and Elizabeth I) played ) played

important roles in transforming England from a important roles in transforming England from a comparatively weak European backwater still comparatively weak European backwater still immersed in the Middle Ages into a powerful immersed in the Middle Ages into a powerful

Renaissance state that in the coming centuries would state that in the coming centuries would dominate much of the world, and Henry VIII and dominate much of the world, and Henry VIII and

Elizabeth I remain among the most famous English Elizabeth I remain among the most famous English monarchs of all timemonarchs of all time..

Henry VIIHenry VII

Henry VII, son of Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort, was Henry VII, son of Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort, was born in 1457. He married Elizabeth of York in 1486, who bore born in 1457. He married Elizabeth of York in 1486, who bore him four children: Arthur, Henry, Margaret and Mary. He died him four children: Arthur, Henry, Margaret and Mary. He died in 1509 after reigning 24 years.in 1509 after reigning 24 years.

reignreign August 22, 1485 – August 22, 1485 – April 21,1509April 21,1509

coronation October 30, 1485 October 30, 1485

bornborn January 28,1457January 28,1457

dieddied April 21,1509April 21,1509

predecessorpredecessor Richard IIIRichard III

successorsuccessor Henry VIIIHenry VIII

royal houseroyal house TudorTudor

fatherfather Edmund TudorEdmund Tudor

mothemotherr Lady Margaret BeaufortLady Margaret Beaufort

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 Januar 1547) was King of Irleand and Lord of Irleand, later King of Ireland, from 22 April 1509 until his death. He was the second monarch of the House of Tudor succeeding his father, Henry VII. Henry VIII is famous for having been married six times and breaking with the Roman Church. He wielded perhaps the most unfettered power of any English monarch, and brought about the Dissolution of the Monasteries and the union of England and Wales.

Edward VIEdward VI

Edward VIEdward VI ( (12 October12 October 15371537 – – 6 July6 July 15531553) became ) became King of King of EnlandEnland, , King of FranceKing of France (in practice only the town and (in practice only the town and surrounding district of surrounding district of CalaisCalais) and ) and Irleand Irleand on on 28 January28 January 15471547 and crowned on 20 February, at just nine years of age. and crowned on 20 February, at just nine years of age. Edward, the son of Edward, the son of Henry VIIIHenry VIII and and Jane SeymourJane Seymour, was the , was the third monarch of the third monarch of the Tudor DynastyTudor Dynasty and England's first ruler and England's first ruler who was who was Protestant atProtestant at the time of his ascension to the throne. the time of his ascension to the throne. Edward's entire rule was mediated through a council of Edward's entire rule was mediated through a council of regencyregency as he never reached maturity. The council was first as he never reached maturity. The council was first led by his uncle, led by his uncle, Edward Seymour Edward Seymour and then by and then by John Dudley.John Dudley.

When it became clear that Edward's life was to be a short one, the When it became clear that Edward's life was to be a short one, the king's advisors persuaded him to attempt to exclude his two king's advisors persuaded him to attempt to exclude his two half sisters, the devout Catholic half sisters, the devout Catholic Mary Mary and moderate Protestant and moderate Protestant ElizabethElizabeth, from the line of succession to the throne in order to , from the line of succession to the throne in order to put the put the Lady Jane GreyLady Jane Grey, the solidly Protestant daughter-in-law , the solidly Protestant daughter-in-law of the chief Regent, next in line to succeed the king. Following of the chief Regent, next in line to succeed the king. Following Edward's death at the age of fifteen, a disputed succession Edward's death at the age of fifteen, a disputed succession reopened the religious conflicts. Lady Jane was Queen for reopened the religious conflicts. Lady Jane was Queen for only nine days, during that time reigning in name only, before only nine days, during that time reigning in name only, before she was replaced by Mary. Queen Mary then sought to undo she was replaced by Mary. Queen Mary then sought to undo many of Edward's Protestant reformsmany of Edward's Protestant reforms..

Lady Jane GreyLady Jane Grey

Lady Jane Grey (Lady Jane Grey (15371537 – February– February 12 12, , 15541554), a great-), a great-granddaughter of granddaughter of Henry VII of EnglandHenry VII of England, reigned as uncrowned , reigned as uncrowned queenqueen reignedreigned of the of the Kingdom of EnglandKingdom of England for nine days in for nine days in JulyJuly 1553 1553.Though Jane's accession, pursuant to the Will of .Though Jane's accession, pursuant to the Will of King Edward VIKing Edward VI, may have breached the laws of England, , may have breached the laws of England, many powers of the land proved willing to accept her as many powers of the land proved willing to accept her as Queen of England, even if only as part of a power-struggle to Queen of England, even if only as part of a power-struggle to stop Henry's elder daughter, Princess stop Henry's elder daughter, Princess MaryMary, a Roman Catholic, , a Roman Catholic, from acceding to the throne. Jane's brief rule ended, however, from acceding to the throne. Jane's brief rule ended, however, when the authorities revoked her proclamation as queen.when the authorities revoked her proclamation as queen.When Princess Mary returned to accesing the throne, she When Princess Mary returned to accesing the throne, she exectuted Jane Grey.exectuted Jane Grey.

Popular history sometimes refers to Lady Jane as "The Nine Days' Popular history sometimes refers to Lady Jane as "The Nine Days' Queen" (Queen" (July 10July 10 – – July 19July 19, , 15531553) or, less commonly, as "The ) or, less commonly, as "The Thirteen Days' Queen" (Thirteen Days' Queen" (July 6July 6 – – July 19July 19, , 15531553) — owing to ) — owing to uncertainties as to when she succeeded to theuncertainties as to when she succeeded to the throne throne. Historians have . Historians have taken either the day of her predecessor's death (taken either the day of her predecessor's death (July 6July 6) or that of her ) or that of her official proclamation as Queen (official proclamation as Queen (July 10July 10), as the beginning of her ), as the beginning of her short reign.short reign.

Lady Jane had a reputation as one of the most learned women of her Lady Jane had a reputation as one of the most learned women of her day, and the historical writer day, and the historical writer Alison WeirAlison Weir describes her as one of "the describes her as one of "the finest female minds of the century".finest female minds of the century".

Mary IMary I

Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, was born in 1516 and suffered through of Aragon, was born in 1516 and suffered through a terrible childhood of neglect, intolerance, and ill-a terrible childhood of neglect, intolerance, and ill-health. She was a staunch catholic from birth, health. She was a staunch catholic from birth, constantly resisting pressure from others to renounce constantly resisting pressure from others to renounce her faith, a request she steadfastly refused. She her faith, a request she steadfastly refused. She married Philip II of Spain in 1555, but was unable married Philip II of Spain in 1555, but was unable to produce a childto produce a child. .

Mary began her tumultuous reign at 37 years of age, arriving Mary began her tumultuous reign at 37 years of age, arriving in London amid a scene of great rejoicing. Following the in London amid a scene of great rejoicing. Following the disarray created by Edward VI's passing of the succession disarray created by Edward VI's passing of the succession to Lady Jane Grey (Jane lasted only nine days), Mary's first act to Lady Jane Grey (Jane lasted only nine days), Mary's first act was to repeal the Protestant legislation of her brother, Edward was to repeal the Protestant legislation of her brother, Edward VI, hurling England into a phase of severe religious VI, hurling England into a phase of severe religious persecution. Her major goal was the re-establishment persecution. Her major goal was the re-establishment of Catholicism in England, a goal to which she was totally of Catholicism in England, a goal to which she was totally committed. Persecution came more from a desire for purity committed. Persecution came more from a desire for purity in faith than from vengeance, yet the fact remains that nearly in faith than from vengeance, yet the fact remains that nearly 300 people (including former Archbishop of Canterbury, 300 people (including former Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer and many of the most prominent members Thomas Cranmer and many of the most prominent members of society) were burned at the stake for heresy, earning Mary of society) were burned at the stake for heresy, earning Mary the nickname, "Bloody Mary."the nickname, "Bloody Mary."

Mary's marriage to the militant Catholic Philip was again designed to enforce Mary's marriage to the militant Catholic Philip was again designed to enforce Roman Catholicism on the realm. Unfortunately for Mary, two factors Roman Catholicism on the realm. Unfortunately for Mary, two factors

compelled opposition to her plans: the English people hated foreigners - compelled opposition to her plans: the English people hated foreigners - especially the Spanish - and twenty years of Protestantism had soured the especially the Spanish - and twenty years of Protestantism had soured the English on popery. She met with resistance at every level of society, and, English on popery. She met with resistance at every level of society, and,

unlike her father and brother, failed to conform society into one ideological unlike her father and brother, failed to conform society into one ideological pattern. Philip II, cold and indifferent to both Mary and her realm, pattern. Philip II, cold and indifferent to both Mary and her realm,

remained in England for only a short time. He coerced Mary to enter into remained in England for only a short time. He coerced Mary to enter into war with France, resulting in defeat and the loss of the last English war with France, resulting in defeat and the loss of the last English

continental possession, Calais. With the retirement of his father, Charles V continental possession, Calais. With the retirement of his father, Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire, Philip returned to Spain; Mary died a mere ten of the Holy Roman Empire, Philip returned to Spain; Mary died a mere ten

months later.months later.England suffered during the reign of Mary I: the economy was in ruin, England suffered during the reign of Mary I: the economy was in ruin, religious dissent reached a zenith and England lost her last continental religious dissent reached a zenith and England lost her last continental

territory. Jane Austen wrote this rather scathingterritory. Jane Austen wrote this rather scathing commentary about Mary: commentary about Mary:

"This woman had the good luck of being advanced to the throne "This woman had the good luck of being advanced to the throne of England, in spite of the superior pretensions, Merit and of England, in spite of the superior pretensions, Merit and

Beauty of her Cousins Mary Queen of Scotland and Jane Grey. Beauty of her Cousins Mary Queen of Scotland and Jane Grey. Nor can I pity the Kingdom for the misfortunes they Nor can I pity the Kingdom for the misfortunes they

experienced during her reign, since they fully deserved experienced during her reign, since they fully deserved them..."them..."

Elizabeth IElizabeth I

Elizabeth was the second child of King Henry VIII of England Elizabeth was the second child of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife Anne Boleyn, born on September 7, 1533. and his second wife Anne Boleyn, born on September 7, 1533. Before Elizabeth was even three, Henry had grown tired of Before Elizabeth was even three, Henry had grown tired of Anne and the fact that she had not borne him a son, and had Anne and the fact that she had not borne him a son, and had her beheaded under charges of adultery. Elizabeth was then her beheaded under charges of adultery. Elizabeth was then taken out of her father's sight, as she was a reminder of Anne. taken out of her father's sight, as she was a reminder of Anne. When Henry VIII died, Elizabeth's brother Edwards became When Henry VIII died, Elizabeth's brother Edwards became the King of England, but died only a few years later of the King of England, but died only a few years later of consumptionconsumption..

Elizabeth's biggest troubles began when her elder sister Mary, Elizabeth's biggest troubles began when her elder sister Mary, daughter of Henry and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Henry and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, ascended to the throne. Mary, unlike Henry VIII, Edward, and ascended to the throne. Mary, unlike Henry VIII, Edward, and Elizabeth, was Catholic, the religion of England prior to Henry's Elizabeth, was Catholic, the religion of England prior to Henry's creation of the Church of England and the installation of creation of the Church of England and the installation of Protestantism in England. Mary tried to bring back Catholicism to Protestantism in England. Mary tried to bring back Catholicism to England, burning heretics creating much unrest. The English England, burning heretics creating much unrest. The English people were beginning to support Elizabeth rather than Mary, and people were beginning to support Elizabeth rather than Mary, and so Mary, seeing her sister as a potential enemy, had her so Mary, seeing her sister as a potential enemy, had her imprisoned. Eventually, Mary became pregnant, and Elizabeth imprisoned. Eventually, Mary became pregnant, and Elizabeth was no longer seen as a threat to the throne. However, Mary's was no longer seen as a threat to the throne. However, Mary's pregnancy was actually an illness, which she eventually pregnancy was actually an illness, which she eventually succumbed to and died. As a result, in November of 1558, succumbed to and died. As a result, in November of 1558, Elizabeth became Elizabeth I, Queen of EnglandElizabeth became Elizabeth I, Queen of England..

      Elizabeth's reign, although it faced some troubles at the Elizabeth's reign, although it faced some troubles at the beginning, brought about much growth and prosperity in beginning, brought about much growth and prosperity in

England. Under her hand, England became one of the most England. Under her hand, England became one of the most powerful countries in the world.powerful countries in the world.

QuestionsQuestions Who were the Tudors? Who were the Tudors?

Why are they so famous? Why are they so famous?

What is the 'Tudor Rose'?What is the 'Tudor Rose'?

Why did Henry VIII have six wives? Why did Henry VIII have six wives?

Who were the six wives? Who were the six wives?

Did Henry VIII really murder all his wives? Did Henry VIII really murder all his wives?

How did Edward VI die?

Who is the 'Nine Days Queen'?

Did Lady Jane Grey want to be Queen of England?

Did Lady Jane Grey love her husband?

Why is Mary I called 'Bloody Mary'?

Was Elizabeth I truly a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?

How smart was Elizabeth I? How smart was Elizabeth I?

Did Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone? Did Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone?

Did Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone? Did Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone?

Was Elizabeth really a 'Virgin Queen'?  Did she have secret Was Elizabeth really a 'Virgin Queen'?  Did she have secret lovers and/or children?lovers and/or children?

Thank youThank you for your attentionfor your attention

Natalia MatuszekNatalia MatuszekJoanna KamińskaJoanna Kamińska