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1 . Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia 24, pp. 306 - 307.

2 . Jan Harold Brunvand, Folklore, A Study and Research Guide (New York:

St. Martin’s Press, Inc., 1976 ) , p. 6.

3. Ibid.,p. 14.

4. Ibid., p. 10.

5. w0PdlognsPla"w~~~~ar~~~l~~"snqu-~waa~~alv~~~neaolw,~~l315.

6 . h1&u-d&.i,Mh237.

7. &GiuafYw, l&l 115.

8 . Linda DCgh, “Folk Narrative,” in Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction. ed.

Richard M. Dorson ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972 ) , p. 55.

9 . Jan Harold Brunvand, Folklore, A Study and Research Guide, p. 12.

10. Richard M. Dorson, The British Folklorists, A History ( Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 1968 ) , p. 187.

11. Maria Leach, ed. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend

(New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1959 ) , p. 876.

12. Richard M. Dorson, ed. Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction ( Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 1972 ) , p. 7.

13. Ibid., p. 8.

14. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, Anthropology, 4 th eds. ( Englewood Cliffs,

New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1985 ) , p. 182.

15. Ibid.

16. Charlotte Seymour - Smith, Macmillan Dictionary of Anthropology ( London:

Macmillan Press Ltd, 1986 ) , p. 126.

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18. William A. Haviland, Cultural Anthropology, 4 th ed. (New York: Holt, Rinehart

and Winston, 1983 ) , p. 40.

19. William R. Bascom, “Four Functions of Folklore,” in The Study of Folklore. ed.

Alan Dundes ( Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1965 ) , pp. 279 - 298.

20. Alan Dundes, ed. The Study of Folklore ( Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice

Hall, Inc., 1965 ) , p. 279.

21. Ibid., p. 217.

22. Richard M. Dorson, ed. Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction, p. 25.

23. Ibid., p. 26.

24. Victor Barnouw, An Introduction to Anthropology, 4 th ed. ( Homewood, Illinois:

The Dorsey Press, 1982 ) , p. 97.

25. Robert Scholes, Strueturalism in Literature ( New Haven and London: Yale

University Press, 1974 ) , pp. 42 - 50.

26. Richard M. Dorson, Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction, p. 34.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid., p. 35.

29. Ibid., p. 36.

30. Robert Scholcs, Structuralism in Literature, p. 68.

31. Ruth Finnegan, Oral Traditions and the Verbal Arts ( London: Association of

Social Anthropologists, 1996 ) , p. 121.

32. Ibid., p. 122.

33. Richard M. Dorson, ed. Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction, p. 36.

34. Albert B. Lord, The Singer of Tales, 4 th ed. ( Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard

University Press, 1981 ), p. 101.

35. Ibid.

36. Ruth Finnegan, Oral Traditions and the Verbal Arts, p. 120.

37. Richard M. Dorson, ed. Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction, p. 45.

38. Ibid., pp. 45 - 46.

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39. Jan Harold Brunvan, Folklore, A Study and Research Guide, p. 138.

40. Barre Toelken, The Dynamics of Folklore ( Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company,

1979 ) ) p. 50.

41. Ibid., p. 51.

42. Richard M. Dorson, ed. Folkiore and Folklife: An Introduction, pp. 46 - 41.

43. Ruth Finnegan, Oral Traditions and the Verbal Arts, p. 13.

44. Ibid., p. 92.

45. Ibid.

46. Dell Hymes, “Breakthrough into Performance,” in Folklore: Performance and

Communication. eds. Dan Ben - Amos and Kenneth S. Goldstein ( The Hague: Mouton & CO.

N. V. , Publishers, 1975 ) , p. 11.

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