Transoceanic Connections and Global Encounters
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Transcript of Transoceanic Connections and Global Encounters
Transoceanic Connections and Global Encounters
Readings: Smith, et al., 474-505
Eurasia and Africa Very Connected
Center of Trade—Asia:
Japan Moluccas China India
More Peripheral but still involved in Trade
Swahili Trading Cities—Kilwa
Sahara Desert Cities—Timbuktu
MAIN GOODS Spices—
Pepper, Cloves, Gold, Frankincense, Myrrh
Chinese Porcelain
Silk
Main Source of Gold: Africa
West Africa along Niger River
East Africa: The Great Zimbabwe
Central Area of Early Modern Trade and Empire Centered on Inida
India Early Began Exporting Cotton, especially to Egypt, the Mediterranean, and East Africa
400 C.E. Malay sailors trading goods from Easter Island to East Africa
Rode the monsoons without a compass
Used square pivot sails that allowed them to sail into the wind, by tacking against it—the prototype of the triangular lateen sail
China and Early Trade
Cities on China’s southern coasts became centers of overseas commerce
Exported silk, porcelain, iron hardware—needles, scissors, and cooking pots
To facilitate commerce, conquest, and government—invented printing and paper, gunpowder, and the compass
Muslim Trade Spread crops developed or improved in India to Middle East, North
Africa, and Islamic Spain: Sugar, cotton, and citrus fruits Arabs first to import large numbers of enslaved Africans to produce
sugar By 1000 sugarcane major crop in Yemen, Arabia, Syria, Lebanon,
Palestine, Egypt, the Mahgrib, Spain and Mediterranean areas controlled by Muslims—in many places had to develop sophisticated irrigation
Also spread cotton from Iran and Central Asia to Spain and the Mediterranean
Used silver from mines they developed in Afghanistan and gold from across the Sahara
East Africans, Muslims, and Europe’s Problem
East Africans—the Swahilis controlled the Indian Ocean Trade until Annihilated by the Portuguese.
Arabs controlled overland trade to Asia
Triple threat: economic, religious, cultural
Turned to seaborne exploration
Complicated by winds and currents
EUROPE’S PROBLEMS Europe increasingly on Periphery
Rise of Great Islamic Empires, especially the Ottoman Empire
Problems gets worse With Conquest of Constantinople, the Great Byzantine City
Europe’s Problem and Solutions
Columbus Solution: Sail across the Atlantic
Why was Columbus’ voyage possible?
The European Printing Press
New Maps Travel Accounts like
Marco Polo’s Inventions
WHY NOT CHINA? Zheng He and Ming
Treasure Ships, which were largest ships, largest in the World At Time
Got to Africa, But then China Threatened from the North—Emperor Ends Voyages
Timeline 1492—Thinking he
reached islands near China, Columbus probably hit what is now the Dominican Republic
1497 Vasco Da Gama sails around Cape of Good Horn (Africa)
1501—Amerigo Vespucci 1513—Vasco Nunez de
Balboa 1519-1522—Ferdinand
Magellan
Timeline (Continued)
1493-1494 Treaty of Tordesillas - happened with the blessing of the Pope
1501—Slaves brought to Americas 1505—Portuguese destroy Kilwa 1522—Spanish conquer the Americas and the Americas are
incorporated into Eurasian trade 1542 Spanish claim the Philippines and later create the Manila
Galleon