TITLE 2ŠTHE CONGRESS · sections 2a and 2b of this title. §2a. Reapportionment of...

TITLE 2THE CONGRESS

Chap. Sec.1. Election of Senators and Rep-

resentatives ....................................... 12. Organization of Congress ................. 213. Compensation and Allowances of

Members ............................................. 314. Officers and Employees of Senate

and House of Representatives ..... 605. Library of Congress ............................ 1316. Congressional and Committee Pro-

cedure; Investigations .................... 1907. Contested Elections [Repealed] ...... 2018. Federal Corrupt Practices [Re-

pealed] ................................................ 2418A. Regulation of Lobbying [Repealed] 2619. Office of Legislative Counsel ........... 2719A. Office of Law Revision Counsel ...... 2859B. Legislative Classification Office

[Repealed] .......................................... 2869C. Office of Parliamentarian of House

of Representatives ........................... 2879D. Office of Senate Legal Counsel ........ 28810. Classification of Employees of

House of Representatives .............. 29110A. Payroll Administration in House of

Representatives ............................... 33111. Citizens Commission on Public

Service and Compensation ........... 35112. Contested Elections ............................ 38113. Joint Committee on Congressional

Operations [Repealed] ................... 41114. Federal Election Campaigns ............ 43115. Office of Technology Assessment .... 47116. Congressional Mailing Standards ... 50117. Congressional Budget Office ............ 60117A. Congressional Budget and Fiscal

Operations ......................................... 62117B. Impoundment Control and Line

Item Veto ........................................... 68118. Legislative Personnel Financial

Disclosure Requirements [Trans-ferred] ................................................. 701

19. Congressional Award Program ....... 80119A. John Heinz Competitive Excellence

Award ................................................. 83120. Emergency Powers To Eliminate

Budget Deficits ................................. 90021. Civic Achievement Award Program

in Honor of Office of Speaker ofHouse of Representatives [Re-pealed] ................................................ 1001

22. John C. Stennis Center for PublicService Training and Develop-ment .................................................... 1101

22A. Center for Russian Leadership De-velopment .......................................... 1151

22B. Hunger Fellowship Program ............ 116123. Government Employee Rights

[Transferred or Repealed] ............ 1201

Chap. Sec.

24. Congressional Accountability .......... 130125. Unfunded Mandates Reform ............ 150126. Disclosure of Lobbying Activities ... 160127. Sound Recording Preservation by

the Library of Congress ................. 170128. Architect of the Capitol ..................... 180129. Capitol Police ....................................... 190130. Operation and Maintenance of

Capitol Complex .............................. 2001

CHAPTER 1ELECTION OF SENATORS ANDREPRESENTATIVES

Sec.1. Time for election of Senators.1a. Election to be certified by governor.1b. Countersignature of certificate of election.2. Omitted.2a. Reapportionment of Representatives; time

and manner; existing decennial census fig-ures as basis; statement by President; dutyof clerk.

2b. Number of Representatives from each Statein 78th and subsequent Congresses.

2c. Number of Congressional Districts; number ofRepresentatives from each District.

3, 4. Omitted.5. Nominations for Representatives at large.6. Reduction of representation.7. Time of election.8. Vacancies.9. Voting for Representatives.

§ 1. Time for election of Senators

At the regular election held in any State nextpreceding the expiration of the term for whichany Senator was elected to represent such Statein Congress, at which election a Representativeto Congress is regularly by law to be chosen, aUnited States Senator from said State shall beelected by the people thereof for the term com-mencing on the 3d day of January next there-after.

(June 4, 1914, ch. 103, § 1, 38 Stat. 384; June 5, 1934,ch. 390, § 3, 48 Stat. 879.)

AMENDMENTS

1934—Act June 5, 1934, substituted ‘‘3d day of Janu-ary’’ for ‘‘fourth day of March’’.

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

The first section of Amendment XX to the Constitu-tion provides in part: ‘‘* * * the terms of Senators andRepresentatives [shall end] at noon on the 3d day ofJanuary, of the years in which such terms would haveended if this article had not been ratified; and theterms of their successors shall then begin.’’

Time for election of Senators, see Const. Art. I, § 4, cl.1.

Vacancies in the Senate, see Const. Amend. XVII.

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS§ 1a

§ 1a. Election to be certified by governor

It shall be the duty of the executive of theState from which any Senator has been chosento certify his election, under the seal of theState, to the President of the Senate of theUnited States.

(R.S. § 18.)

CODIFICATION

R.S. § 18 derived from act July 25, 1866, ch. 245, § 3, 14Stat. 244.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 1b of this title.

§ 1b. Countersignature of certificate of election

The certificate mentioned in section 1a of thistitle shall be countersigned by the secretary ofstate of the State.

(R.S. § 19.)

CODIFICATION

R.S. § 19 derived from act July 25, 1866, ch. 245, § 3, 14Stat. 244.

§ 2. Omitted

CODIFICATION

Section, act Aug. 8, 1911, ch. 5, §§ 1, 2, 37 Stat. 13, 14,fixed composition of House of Representatives at 435Members, to be apportioned to the States therein enu-merated. For provisions dealing with reapportionmentof Representatives and manner of election, etc., seesections 2a and 2b of this title.

§ 2a. Reapportionment of Representatives; timeand manner; existing decennial census fig-ures as basis; statement by President; duty ofclerk

(a) On the first day, or within one week there-after, of the first regular session of the Eighty-second Congress and of each fifth Congressthereafter, the President shall transmit to theCongress a statement showing the whole numberof persons in each State, excluding Indians nottaxed, as ascertained under the seventeenth andeach subsequent decennial census of the popu-lation, and the number of Representatives towhich each State would be entitled under an ap-portionment of the then existing number of Rep-resentatives by the method known as the meth-od of equal proportions, no State to receive lessthan one Member.

(b) Each State shall be entitled, in the Eighty-third Congress and in each Congress thereafteruntil the taking effect of a reapportionmentunder this section or subsequent statute, to thenumber of Representatives shown in the state-ment required by subsection (a) of this section,no State to receive less than one Member. Itshall be the duty of the Clerk of the House ofRepresentatives, within fifteen calendar daysafter the receipt of such statement, to send tothe executive of each State a certificate of thenumber of Representatives to which such Stateis entitled under this section. In case of a va-cancy in the office of Clerk, or of his absence orinability to discharge this duty, then such dutyshall devolve upon the Sergeant at Arms of theHouse of Representatives.

(c) Until a State is redistricted in the mannerprovided by the law thereof after any apportion-ment, the Representatives to which such Stateis entitled under such apportionment shall beelected in the following manner: (1) If there isno change in the number of Representatives,they shall be elected from the districts then pre-scribed by the law of such State, and if any ofthem are elected from the State at large theyshall continue to be so elected; (2) if there is anincrease in the number of Representatives, suchadditional Representative or Representativesshall be elected from the State at large and theother Representatives from the districts thenprescribed by the law of such State; (3) if thereis a decrease in the number of Representativesbut the number of districts in such State isequal to such decreased number of Representa-tives, they shall be elected from the districtsthen prescribed by the law of such State; (4) ifthere is a decrease in the number of Representa-tives but the number of districts in such Stateis less than such number of Representatives, thenumber of Representatives by which such num-ber of districts is exceeded shall be elected fromthe State at large and the other Representativesfrom the districts then prescribed by the law ofsuch State; or (5) if there is a decrease in thenumber of Representatives and the number ofdistricts in such State exceeds such decreasednumber of Representatives, they shall be electedfrom the State at large.

(June 18, 1929, ch. 28, § 22, 46 Stat. 26; Apr. 25,1940, ch. 152, 54 Stat. 162; Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 470, § 1,55 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, § 201, Aug.20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1724.)

AMENDMENTS

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–186 struck out at end‘‘; and in case of vacancies in the offices of both theClerk and the Sergeant at Arms, or the absence or in-ability of both to act, such duty shall devolve upon theDoorkeeper of the House of Representatives’’.

1941—Act Nov. 15, 1941, provided for reapportionmentbased on seventeenth and subsequent decennial cen-suses.

1940—Act Apr. 25, 1940, provided for reapportionmentbased on sixteenth decennial census.

TERMINATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisionsof law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual,semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed inHouse Document No. 103–7 (in which the report requiredby subsec. (a) of this section is listed on page 17), seesection 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as anote under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.


Apportionment of Representatives among the severalStates, see Const. Art. I, § 2, cl. 3, and Amend. XIV, § 2.

TEMPORARY INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP

Representation of States of Alaska and Hawaii inHouse of Representatives as not affecting basis of ap-portionment established by this section, see section 9of Pub. L. 85–508, July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 339, set out as anote preceding section 21 of Title 48, Territories and In-sular Possessions, and section 8 of Pub. L. 86–3, Mar. 18,1959, 73 Stat. 4, set out as a note preceding section 491of Title 48.


This section is referred to in sections 2b, 2c of thistitle.

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS § 9

§ 2b. Number of Representatives from each Statein 78th and subsequent Congresses

Each State shall be entitled, in the Seventy-eighth and in each Congress thereafter until thetaking effect of a reapportionment under a sub-sequent statute or section 2a of this title, to thenumber of Representatives shown in the state-ment transmitted to the Congress on January 8,1941, based upon the method known as the meth-od of equal proportions, no State to receive lessthan one Member.

(Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 470, § 2(a), 55 Stat. 762.)

CERTIFICATES TO EXECUTIVES OF STATES

Section 2(b) of act Nov. 15, 1941, required Clerk ofHouse of Representatives, within 15 days of Nov. 15,1941, to send a new certificate of entitlement of a Stateto Representatives, if such a certificate had been sentprior to Nov. 15, 1941, under provisions of section 2a ofthis title.

§ 2c. Number of Congressional Districts; numberof Representatives from each District

In each State entitled in the Ninety-first Con-gress or in any subsequent Congress thereafterto more than one Representative under an ap-portionment made pursuant to the provisions ofsection 2a(a) of this title, there shall be estab-lished by law a number of districts equal to thenumber of Representatives to which such Stateis so entitled, and Representatives shall beelected only from districts so established, nodistrict to elect more than one Representative(except that a State which is entitled to morethan one Representative and which has in allprevious elections elected its Representatives atLarge may elect its Representatives at Large tothe Ninety-first Congress).

(Pub. L. 90–196, Dec. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 581.)

§§ 3, 4. Omitted

CODIFICATION

Section 3, act Aug. 8, 1911, ch. 5, § 3, 37 Stat. 14, whichrelated to election by districts, expired by its own limi-tation on enactment of Reapportionment Act of June18, 1929, ch. 28, § 22, 46 Stat. 21 (section 2a of this title).It was not restated in act June 18, 1929, providing forreapportionment under Fifteenth Census, and hence itwas not applicable thereto. See Wood v. Brown, 1932 (53S. Ct. 1, 287 U.S. 1, 77 L. Ed. 131).

Section 4, act Aug. 8, 1911, ch. 5, § 4, 37 Stat. 14, whichrelated to additional Representatives at large, expiredby its own limitation on enactment of Reapportion-ment Act of June 18, 1929, ch. 28, § 22, 46 Stat. 21 (section2a of this title). It was not restated in act June 18, 1929,providing for reapportionment under Fifteenth Census,and hence it was not applicable thereto. See Wood v.Brown, 1932 (53 S. Ct. 1, 287 U.S. 1, 77 L. Ed. 131).

§ 5. Nominations for Representatives at large

Candidates for Representative or Representa-tives to be elected at large in any State shall benominated in the same manner as candidates forgovernor, unless otherwise provided by the lawsof such State.

(Aug. 8, 1911, ch. 5, § 5, 37 Stat. 14.)

§ 6. Reduction of representation

Should any State deny or abridge the right ofany of the male inhabitants thereof, being twen-

ty-one years of age, and citizens of the UnitedStates, to vote at any election named in theamendment to the Constitution, article 14, sec-tion 2, except for participation in the rebellionor other crime, the number of Representativesapportioned to such State shall be reduced inthe proportion which the number of such malecitizens shall have to the whole number of malecitizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

(R.S. § 22.)

CODIFICATION

R.S. § 22 derived from act Feb. 2, 1872, ch. 11, § 6, 17Stat. 29.

§ 7. Time of election

The Tuesday next after the 1st Monday in No-vember, in every even numbered year, is estab-lished as the day for the election, in each of theStates and Territories of the United States, ofRepresentatives and Delegates to the Congresscommencing on the 3d day of January nextthereafter.

(R.S. § 25; Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 130, § 6, 18 Stat. 400;June 5, 1934, ch. 390, § 2, 48 Stat. 879.)

CODIFICATION


The second sentence of this section, which was basedon section 6 of the act Mar. 3, 1875 and made this sec-tion inapplicable to any State that had not yet changedits day of election and whose constitution required anamendment to change the day of election of its Stateofficers, was omitted.

AMENDMENTS

1934—Act June 5, 1934, substituted ‘‘3d day of Janu-ary’’ for ‘‘fourth day of March’’.


The first section of Amendment XX to the Constitu-tion provides: ‘‘The terms of Senators and Representa-tives [shall end] at noon on the 3d day of January, ofthe years in which such terms would have ended if thisarticle had not been ratified; and the terms of theirsuccessors shall then begin.’’

Time for election of Representatives, see Const. Art.I, § 4, cl. 1.

§ 8. Vacancies

The time for holding elections in any State,District, or Territory for a Representative orDelegate to fill a vacancy, whether such va-cancy is caused by a failure to elect at the timeprescribed by law, or by the death, resignation,or incapacity of a person elected, may be pre-scribed by the laws of the several States andTerritories respectively.

(R.S. § 26.)

CODIFICATION



Vacancies in the House of Representatives, see Const.Art. I, § 2, cl. 4.

§ 9. Voting for Representatives

All votes for Representatives in Congress mustbe by written or printed ballot, or voting ma-

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS§ 9

chine the use of which has been duly authorizedby the State law; and all votes received or re-corded contrary to this section shall be of no ef-fect.

(R.S. § 27; Feb. 14, 1899, ch. 154, 30 Stat. 836.)

CODIFICATION

R.S. § 27 derived from acts Feb. 28, 1871, ch. 99, § 19, 16Stat. 440, and May 30, 1872, ch. 239, 17 Stat. 192.

CHAPTER 2ORGANIZATION OF CONGRESS

Sec.21. Oath of Senators.22. Oath of President of Senate.23. Presiding officer of Senate may administer

oaths.24. Secretary of Senate or assistant secretary

may administer oaths.25. Oath of Speaker, Members, and Delegates.25a. Delegate to House of Representatives from

District of Columbia.25b. Repealed.26. Roll of Representatives-elect.27. Change of place of meeting.28. Parliamentary precedents of House of Rep-

resentatives.(a) Periodic compilation; other useful

materials; index digest; date ofcompletion.

(b) Form, number, and distribution ofcompilation.

(c) Appointment and compensation ofpersonnel; utilization of services ofpersonnel of Federal agencies.

28a. Compilation of the Precedents of House ofRepresentatives; date of completion; bi-ennial update; printing and availability ofcopies.

28b. Printing and binding as public document ofPrecedents of House of Representatives;number of sets authorized.

28c. Distribution of Precedents by Public Printer.(a) Delivery to Members of Ninety-fifth

Congress; marking of volumes.(b) Members of Congress following Nine-

ty-fifth Congress not already havingsets of Precedents; necessity ofwritten request to Superintendentof Documents for set.

(c) Additional distribution of sets.28d. Distribution of Precedents by Public Printer

for official use; particular distribution;marking and ownership of sets.

28e. Distribution of Precedents by Joint Commit-tee on Printing of surplus sets; additionalprinting, etc., of sets under authority ofJoint Committee.

29. Condensed and simplified versions of Houseprecedents; other useful materials in sum-mary form; form and distribution to Mem-bers of Congress, Resident Commissionerfrom Puerto Rico, and others; appointmentand compensation of personnel; utilizationof services of personnel of Federal agencies.

29a. Early organization of House of Representa-tives.

(a) Caucus or conference for incumbentMembers reelected to and Members-elect of ensuing Congress; time andprocedure for calling.

(b) Payment and reimbursement for trav-el and per diem expenses for Mem-bers attending caucus or con-ference; exceptions; regulationsgoverning payments and reimburse-ments; reimbursement vouchers.

(c) Availability of applicable accounts ofHouse.

Sec.29b, 29c. Omitted.29d. Committee on Standards of Official Conduct

of House of Representatives.(a) Omitted.(b) Committee composition.(c) Investigative subcommittees.(d) Adjudicatory subcommittees.(e) to (h) Omitted.(i) Advice and education.(j) Effective date.

30. Term of service of Members of Congress astrustees or directors of corporations or in-stitutions appropriated for.

30a. Jury duty exemption of elected officials oflegislative branch.

CHANGE OF NAME AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS OFCOMMITTEES AND OFFICERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENT-ATIVES

Pub. L. 104–14, June 3, 1995, 109 Stat. 186, providedthat:

‘‘SECTION 1. REFERENCES IN LAW TO COMMIT-TEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

‘‘(a) REFERENCES TO COMMITTEES WITH NEW NAMES.—Except as provided in subsection (c), any reference inany provision of law enacted before January 4, 1995,to—

‘‘(1) the Committee on Armed Services of the Houseof Representatives shall be treated as referring to theCommittee on National Security of the House of Rep-resentatives;

‘‘(2) the Committee on Banking, Finance and UrbanAffairs of the House of Representatives shall be treat-ed as referring to the Committee on Banking and Fi-nancial Services of the House of Representatives;

‘‘(3) the Committee on Education and Labor of theHouse of Representatives shall be treated as referringto the Committee on Economic and Educational Op-portunities of the House of Representatives;

‘‘(4) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of theHouse of Representatives shall be treated as referringto the Committee on Commerce of the House of Rep-resentatives;

‘‘(5) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Houseof Representatives shall be treated as referring to theCommittee on International Relations of the Houseof Representatives;

‘‘(6) the Committee on Government Operations ofthe House of Representatives shall be treated as re-ferring to the Committee on Government Reform andOversight of the House of Representatives;

‘‘(7) the Committee on House Administration of theHouse of Representatives shall be treated as referringto the Committee on House Oversight of the House ofRepresentatives;

‘‘(8) the Committee on Natural Resources of theHouse of Representatives shall be treated as referringto the Committee on Resources of the House of Rep-resentatives;

‘‘(9) the Committee on Public Works and Transpor-tation of the House of Representatives shall be treat-ed as referring to the Committee on Transportationand Infrastructure of the House of Representatives;and

‘‘(10) the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-nology of the House of Representatives shall be treat-ed as referring to the Committee on Science of theHouse of Representatives.‘‘(b) REFERENCES TO ABOLISHED COMMITTEES.—Any

reference in any provision of law enacted before Janu-ary 4, 1995, to—

‘‘(1) the Committee on District of Columbia of theHouse of Representatives shall be treated as referringto the Committee on Government Reform and Over-sight of the House of Representatives;

‘‘(2) the Committee on Post Office and Civil Serviceof the House of Representatives shall be treated as re-ferring to the Committee on Government Reform and


Oversight of the House of Representatives, exceptthat a reference with respect to the House Commis-sion on Congressional Mailings [probably should be‘‘Mailing’’] Standards (the ‘Franking Commission’)shall be treated as referring to the Committee onHouse Oversight of the House of Representatives; and

‘‘(3) the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish-eries of the House of Representatives shall be treatedas referring to—

‘‘(A) the Committee on Agriculture of the Houseof Representatives, in the case of a provision of lawrelating to inspection of seafood or seafood prod-ucts;

‘‘(B) the Committee on National Security of theHouse of Representatives, in the case of a provisionof law relating to interoceanic canals, the Mer-chant Marine Academy and State Maritime Acad-emies, or national security aspects of merchant ma-rine;

‘‘(C) the Committee on Resources of the House ofRepresentatives, in the case of a provision of lawrelating to fisheries, wildlife, international fishingagreements, marine affairs (including coastal zonemanagement) except for measures relating to oiland other pollution of navigable waters, or ocean-ography;

‘‘(D) the Committee on Science of the House ofRepresentatives, in the case of a provision of lawrelating to marine research; and

‘‘(E) the Committee on Transportation and Infra-structure of the House of Representatives, in thecase of a provision of law relating to a matter otherthan a matter described in any of subparagraphs(A) through (D).

‘‘(c) REFERENCES TO COMMITTEES WITH JURISDICTIONCHANGES.—Any reference in any provision of law en-acted before January 4, 1995, to—

‘‘(1) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of theHouse of Representatives shall be treated as referringto—

‘‘(A) the Committee on Agriculture of the Houseof Representatives, in the case of a provision of lawrelating to inspection of seafood or seafood prod-ucts;

‘‘(B) the Committee on Banking and FinancialServices of the House of Representatives, in thecase of a provision of law relating to bank capitalmarkets activities generally or to depository insti-tution securities activities generally; and

‘‘(C) the Committee on Transportation and Infra-structure of the House of Representatives, in thecase of a provision of law relating to railroads, rail-way labor, or railroad retirement and unemploy-ment (except revenue measures related thereto);and‘‘(2) the Committee on Government Operations of

the House of Representatives shall be treated as re-ferring to the Committee on the Budget of the Houseof Representatives in the case of a provision of lawrelating to the establishment, extension, and enforce-ment of special controls over the Federal budget.

‘‘SEC. 2. REFERENCES IN LAW TO OFFICERS OFTHE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

‘‘Any reference in any provision of law enacted beforeJanuary 4, 1995, to a function, duty, or authority—

‘‘(1) of the Clerk of the House of Representativesshall be treated as referring, with respect to thatfunction, duty, or authority, to the officer of theHouse of Representatives exercising that function,duty, or authority, as determined by the Committeeon House Oversight of the House of Representatives;

‘‘(2) of the Doorkeeper of the House of Representa-tives shall be treated as referring, with respect tothat function, duty, or authority, to the officer of theHouse of Representatives exercising that function,duty, or authority, as determined by the Committeeon House Oversight of the House of Representatives;

‘‘(3) of the Postmaster of the House of Representa-tives shall be treated as referring, with respect to

that function, duty, or authority, to the officer of theHouse of Representatives exercising that function,duty, or authority, as determined by the Committeeon House Oversight of the House of Representatives;and

‘‘(4) of the Director of Non-legislative and FinancialServices of the House of Representatives shall betreated as referring, with respect to that function,duty, or authority, to the officer of the House of Rep-resentatives exercising that function, duty, or au-thority, as determined by the Committee on HouseOversight of the House of Representatives.’’

§ 21. Oath of Senators

The oath of office shall be administered by thePresident of the Senate to each Senator whoshall be elected, previous to his taking his seat.

(R.S. § 28.)

CODIFICATION

R.S. § 28 derived from act June 1, 1789, ch. 1, § 2, 1Stat. 23.

§ 22. Oath of President of Senate

When a President of the Senate has not takenthe oath of office, it shall be administered tohim by any Member of the Senate.

(R.S. § 29.)

CODIFICATION


§ 23. Presiding officer of Senate may administeroaths

The presiding officer, for the time being, ofthe Senate of the United States, shall havepower to administer all oaths and affirmationsthat are or may be required by the Constitution,or by law, to be taken by any Senator, officer ofthe Senate, witness, or other person, in respectto any matter within the jurisdiction of theSenate.

(Apr. 18, 1876, ch. 66, § 1, 19 Stat. 34.)

§ 24. Secretary of Senate or assistant secretarymay administer oaths

The Secretary of the Senate, and the assistantsecretary thereof, shall, respectively, havepower to administer any oath or affirmation re-quired by law, or by the rules or orders of theSenate, to be taken by any officer of the Senate,and to any witness produced before it.

(Apr. 18, 1876, ch. 66, § 2, 19 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 92–51,July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 125.)

CHANGE OF NAME

Assistant secretary of the Senate deemed successorin references to chief clerk of the Senate in all laws,rules, resolutions, and orders, effective July 1, 1971,under provisions of Pub. L. 92–51, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat.125.

§ 25. Oath of Speaker, Members, and Delegates

At the first session of Congress after everygeneral election of Representatives, the oath ofoffice shall be administered by any Member ofthe House of Representatives to the Speaker;and by the Speaker to all the Members and Dele-gates present, and to the Clerk, previous to en-


tering on any other business; and to the Mem-bers and Delegates who afterward appear, pre-vious to their taking their seats.

The Clerk of the House of Representatives ofthe Eightieth and each succeeding Congressshall cause the oath of office to be printed, fur-nishing two copies to each Member and Delegatewho has taken the oath of office in accordancewith law, which shall be subscribed in person bythe Member or Delegate, who shall thereupondeliver them to the Clerk, one to be filed in therecords of the House of Representatives, and theother to be recorded in the Journal of the Houseand in the Congressional Record; and suchsigned copies, or certified copies thereof, or ofeither of such records thereof, shall be admissi-ble in evidence in any court of the UnitedStates, and shall be held conclusive proof of thefact that the signer duly took the oath of officein accordance with law.

(R.S. § 30; Feb. 18, 1948, ch. 53, 62 Stat. 20.)

CODIFICATION


The last paragraph of this section, which permittedMembers and Delegates of the House of Representativesof the Eightieth Congress to subscribe and deliver twosigned copies of the printed oath of office at any timebefore the expiration of the Eightieth Congress, wasomitted.

AMENDMENTS

1948—Act Feb. 18, 1948, added last two paragraphs toprovide a way by which any Member of House of Rep-resentatives can establish by record evidence the factthat the Member took the oath of office and so becamea Member.

§ 25a. Delegate to House of Representatives fromDistrict of Columbia

(a) The people of the District of Columbiashall be represented in the House of Representa-tives by a Delegate, to be known as the ‘‘Dele-gate to the House of Representatives from theDistrict of Columbia’’, who shall be elected bythe voters of the District of Columbia in accord-ance with the District of Columbia Election Act.The Delegate shall have a seat in the House ofRepresentatives, with the right of debate, butnot of voting, shall have all the privileges grant-ed a Representative by section 6 of Article I ofthe Constitution, and shall be subject to thesame restrictions and regulations as are im-posed by law or rules on Representatives. TheDelegate shall be elected to serve during eachCongress.

(b) No individual may hold the office of Dele-gate to the House of Representatives from theDistrict of Columbia unless on the date of hiselection—

(1) he is a qualified elector (as that term isdefined in section 2(2) of the District of Colum-bia Election Act) of the District of Columbia;

(2) he is at least twenty-five years of age;(3) he holds no other paid public office; and(4) he has resided in the District of Columbia

continuously since the beginning of the three-year period ending on such date.

He shall forfeit his office upon failure to main-tain the qualifications required by this sub-section.

(Pub. L. 91–405, title II, § 202, Sept. 22, 1970, 84Stat. 848.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The District of Columbia Election Act, referred to insubsecs. (a) and (b)(1), is act Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 862, 69Stat. 699, as amended, which is not classified to theCode.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section 206(b) of title II of Pub. L. 91–405 providedthat: ‘‘This title and the amendments made by thistitle [enacting this section and section 25b of this titleand amending section 2106 of Title 5, Government Orga-nization and Employees, sections 4342, 6954, and 9342 ofTitle 10, Armed Forces, sections 201, 203, 204, 591, 594,and 595 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, andsection 1973i of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare]shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Sept. 22,1970].’’

§ 25b. Repealed. Pub. L. 104186, title II, § 202(1),Aug. 20, 1996. 110 Stat. 1724

Section, Pub. L. 91–405, title II, § 204(a), Sept. 22, 1970,84 Stat. 852, related to application of certain Federallaws to Delegate to House of Representatives from Dis-trict of Columbia.

§ 26. Roll of Representatives-elect

Before the first meeting of each Congress theClerk of the next preceding House of Represent-atives shall make a roll of the Representatives-elect, and place thereon the names of those per-sons, and of such persons only, whose creden-tials show that they were regularly elected inaccordance with the laws of their States respec-tively, or the laws of the United States. In caseof a vacancy in the office of Clerk of the Houseof Representatives, or of the absence or inabilityof the Clerk to discharge the duties imposed onhim by law or custom relative to the prepara-tion of the roll of Representatives or the organi-zation of the House, those duties shall devolveon the Sergeant at Arms of the next precedingHouse of Representatives.

(R.S. §§ 31–33; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, § 202(2),Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1724.)

CODIFICATION

R.S. § 31 derived from acts Feb. 21, 1867, ch. 56, § 1, 14Stat. 397 and Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 108, 12 Stat. 804.

R.S. §§ 32 and 33 derived from act Feb. 21, 1867, ch. 56,§ 2, 14 Stat. 397.

R.S. § 31 constitutes first sentence; R.S. § 32 con-stitutes second sentence; and R.S. § 33 constituted thethird sentence, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–186. See1996 Amendment note below.

AMENDMENTS

1996—Pub. L. 104–186 struck out third sentence whichread as follows: ‘‘In case of vacancies in the offices ofboth the Clerk and the Sergeant at Arms, or of the ab-sence or inability of both to act, the duties of the Clerkrelative to the preparation of the roll of the House ofRepresentatives or the organization of the House shallbe performed by the Doorkeeper of the next precedingHouse of Representatives.’’ See Codification noteabove.


This section is referred to in section 34 of this title.

§ 27. Change of place of meeting

Whenever Congress is about to convene, andfrom the prevalence of contagious sickness, or

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS § 28c

the existence of other circumstances, it would,in the opinion of the President, be hazardous tothe lives or health of the members to meet atthe seat of Government, the President is author-ized, by proclamation, to convene Congress atsuch other place as he may judge proper.

(R.S. § 34.)

CODIFICATION

R.S. § 34 derived from act Apr. 3, 1794, ch. 17, 1 Stat.353.

§ 28. Parliamentary precedents of House of Rep-resentatives

(a) Periodic compilation; other useful materials;index digest; date of completion

The Parliamentarian of the House of Rep-resentatives, at the beginning of the fifth fiscalyear following the completion and publication ofthe parliamentary precedents of the House au-thorized by the Legislative Branch Appropria-tion Act, 1966 (79 Stat. 270; Public Law 89–90),and at the beginning of each fifth fiscal yearthereafter, shall commence the compilation andpreparation for printing of the parliamentaryprecedents of the House of Representatives, to-gether with such other materials as may be use-ful in connection therewith, and an index digestof such precedents and other materials. Eachsuch compilation and preparation for printing ofthe parliamentary precedents of the House shallbe completed by the close of the fiscal year im-mediately following the fiscal year in whichsuch work is commenced.(b) Form, number, and distribution of compila-

tionAs so compiled and prepared, such precedents

and other materials and index digest shall beprinted on pages of such size, and in such typeand format, as the Parliamentarian may deter-mine and shall be printed in such numbers andfor such distribution as may be provided by lawenacted prior to printing.(c) Appointment and compensation of personnel;

utilization of services of personnel of Federalagencies

For the purpose of carrying out each suchcompilation and preparation, the Parliamen-tarian may—

(1) subject to the approval of the Speaker,appoint (as employees of the House of Rep-resentatives) clerical and other personnel andfix their respective rates of pay; and

(2) utilize the services of personnel of the Li-brary of Congress and the Government Print-ing Office.

(Pub. L. 91–510, title III, § 331, Oct. 26, 1970, 84Stat. 1186.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1966, re-ferred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 89–90, July 27, 1965, 79Stat. 265. For complete classification of this Act to theCode, see Tables.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective immediately prior to noon on Jan.3, 1971, see section 601(1) of Pub. L. 91–510, set out as anEffective Date of 1970 Amendment note under section72a of this title.

§ 28a. Compilation of the Precedents of House ofRepresentatives; date of completion; biennialupdate; printing and availability of copies

The Speaker is authorized and directed tocomplete the Compilation of the Precedents ofthe House of Representatives by January 1, 1977,and prepare an updated compilation of suchprecedents every two years thereafter. Copies ofthe Compilation of Precedents shall be printedin sufficient quantity to be available to everyMember and the standing committees of theHouse of Representatives.

(Pub. L. 93–554, title I, ch. III, Dec. 27, 1974, 88Stat. 1777.)

CODIFICATION

Section is based on section 208 of House ResolutionNo. 988, Ninety-third Congress, Oct. 8, 1974, which wasenacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 93–554.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Pub. L. 93–554 provided that the enactment of HouseResolution No. 988, Ninety-third Congress, into perma-nent law is effective Jan. 2, 1975.

§ 28b. Printing and binding as public documentof Precedents of House of Representatives;number of sets authorized

(a) There shall be printed and bound as a pub-lic document two thousand sets of the Prec-edents of the House of Representatives compiledand prepared by Lewis Deschler (hereinafter insections 28b to 28e of this title referred to as the‘‘Precedents’’) in accordance with the provisionsof the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act,1966 (Public Law 89–90; 79 Stat. 265).

(b) The number of sets authorized to be print-ed and bound by or pursuant to sections 28b to28e of this title shall be in lieu of the usual num-ber of copies for binding and distribution re-quired by section 701 of title 44.

(Pub. L. 94–551, § 1, Oct. 18, 1976, 90 Stat. 2537.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1966, re-ferred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–90, July 27, 1965, 79 Stat.265. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,see Tables.


This section is referred to in section 28e of this title.

§ 28c. Distribution of Precedents by PublicPrinter

(a) Delivery to Members of Ninety-fifth Congress;marking of volumes

The Public Printer shall deliver one set of thePrecedents to each Senator or Representativein, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to,the Ninety-fifth Congress. The name of theMember to whom the set is delivered shall belegibly stamped on the front cover of each vol-ume of the set.

(b) Members of Congress following Ninety-fifthCongress not already having sets of Prece-dents; necessity of written request to Super-intendent of Documents for set

Each Senator or Representative in, or Dele-gate or Resident Commissioner to, each Con-

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS§ 28d

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

gress following the Ninety-fifth Congress whohas not theretofore received a set of the Prece-dents shall be entitled to receive one set of thePrecedents, upon transmitting a written requestfor such set to the Superintendent of Docu-ments.(c) Additional distribution of sets

The Public Printer shall make the followingdistribution of sets of the Precedents:

(1) to the office of the Vice President, to theoffice of the speaker of the House of Rep-resentatives, and to the office of the Presidentpro tempore of the Senate, each, five sets;

(2) to the office of the majority leader of theHouse of Representatives and to the office ofthe minority leader of the House of Represent-atives, each, three sets;

(3) to the Parliamentarian of the House ofRepresentatives, sixty sets;

(4) to the Parliamentarian of the Senate,five sets;

(5) to the Clerk of the House of Representa-tives and to the Sergeant at Arms of theHouse of Representatives, each 1 two sets;

(6) to the Secretary of the Senate and to theSergeant at Arms of the Senate, each, twosets;

(7) to the superintendent of the House docu-ment room, two sets;

(8) to the superintendent of the Senate docu-ment room, two sets;

(9) to the Library of Congress, for inter-national exchange and for official use in Wash-ington, District of Columbia, one hundred andfifty sets;

(10) to the National Archives, three sets;(11) to the government of the District of Co-

lumbia, twelve sets;(12) to the Smithsonian Institute, two sets;(13) to the library of each legislative branch

of each State, territory, and possession of theUnited States, one set; and

(14) to the Superintendent of Documents,eight hundred and sixteen sets for distributionto the depository library system.

(Pub. L. 94–551, § 2, Oct. 18, 1976, 90 Stat. 2537;Pub. L. 104–186, title II, § 202(3), Aug. 20, 1996, 110Stat. 1724.)

AMENDMENTS

1996—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104–186, § 202(3)(A), sub-stituted ‘‘Representatives, each’’ for ‘‘Representives,each’’.

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 104–186, § 202(3)(B), substituted‘‘and to the Sergeant at Arms of the House of Rep-resentatives, each two sets’’ for ‘‘, to the Sergeant atArms of the House of Representatives, and to the Door-keeper of the House of Representatives, each, twosets’’.


This section is referred to in sections 28b, 28e of thistitle.

§ 28d. Distribution of Precedents by Public Print-er for official use; particular distribution;marking and ownership of sets

(a) The Public Printer shall make the follow-ing distribution of sets of the Precedents;

(1) to each standing or joint committee ofthe Congress which is in existence on October18, 1976, or which is established after October18, 1976, four sets;

(2) to the office of the Legislative Counsel ofthe House of Representatives, five sets;

(3) to the office of the Legislative Counsel ofthe Senate, five sets;

(4) to the library of the House of Representa-tives, four sets;

(5) to the library of the Senate, two sets;(6) to the library of the Supreme Court of

the United States, nine sets;(7) to the office of the Official Reporter of

Debates of the House of Representatives, threesets; and

(8) to the office of the Official Reporter ofDebates of the Senate, three sets.

(b) Each set of Precedents distributed by thePublic Printer under subsection (a) of this sec-tion shall be for official use. Each such set shallbe legibly stamped on the front cover ‘‘Propertyof the United States Government.’’ Each suchset, upon delivery, shall become and remain theproperty of the United States, and may not beremoved from the building in which is locatedthe designated library or office, as the case maybe.

(Pub. L. 94–551, § 3, Oct. 18, 1976, 90 Stat. 2538.)


This section is referred to in sections 28b, 28e of thistitle.

§ 28e. Distribution of Precedents by Joint Com-mittee on Printing of surplus sets; additionalprinting, etc., of sets under authority of JointCommittee

(a) Any set of the Precedents printed andbound pursuant to subsection (a) of section 28bof this title, not needed to carry out the dis-tributions required by sections 28b to 28e of thistitle, shall be distributed under the direction ofthe Joint Committee on Printing.

(b) The Joint Committee on Printing mayfrom time to time authorize and direct that ad-ditional sets of the Precedents, be printed,bound, and distributed in such manner as theJoint Committee determines will best carry outthe purposes of sections 28b to 28e of this title.

(Pub. L. 94–551, § 4, Oct. 18, 1976, 90 Stat. 2538.)


This section is referred to in section 28b of this title.

§ 29. Condensed and simplified versions of Houseprecedents; other useful materials in sum-mary form; form and distribution to Mem-bers of Congress, Resident Commissionerfrom Puerto Rico, and others; appointmentand compensation of personnel; utilization ofservices of personnel of Federal agencies

The Parliamentarian of the House of Rep-resentatives shall prepare, compile, and main-tain on a current basis and in cumulative form,for each Congress commencing with the Ninety-third Congress a condensed and, insofar as prac-ticable, up-to-date version of all of the par-liamentary precedents of the House of Rep-

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS § 29a

resentatives which have current use and applica-tion in the House, together with informativetext prepared by the Parliamentarian and otheruseful related material in summary form. TheParliamentarian shall have such matter printedfor each Congress on pages of such size and insuch type and format as he considers advisableto promote the usefulness of such matter to theMembers of the House and shall provide a print-ed copy thereof to each Member in each Con-gress, including the Resident Commissionerfrom Puerto Rico, and may make such other dis-tribution of such printed copies as he considersadvisable. In carrying out this section, the Par-liamentarian may appoint and fix the pay ofpersonnel and utilize the services of personnel ofthe Library of Congress and the GovernmentPrinting Office.

(Pub. L. 91–510, title III, § 332, Oct. 26, 1970, 84Stat. 1186.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective immediately prior to noon on Jan.3, 1971, see section 601(1) of Pub. L. 91–510, set out as anEffective Date of 1970 Amendment note under section72a of this title.

§ 29a. Early organization of House of Representa-tives

(a) Caucus or conference for incumbent Mem-bers reelected to and Members-elect of ensu-ing Congress; time and procedure for calling

(1) The majority leader or minority leader ofthe House of Representatives after consultationwith the Speaker may at any time during anyeven-numbered year call a caucus or conference,to begin on or after the first day of Decemberand conclude on or before the twentieth day ofDecember in such year and to be attended by allincumbent Members of his or her political partywho have been reelected to the ensuing Congressand all other Members-elect of such party, forthe purpose of taking all steps necessary toachieve the prompt organization of the Membersand Members-elect of such party for the ensuingCongress.

(2) If the majority leader or minority leadercalls an organizational caucus or conferenceunder paragraph (1), he or she shall file with theClerk of the House a written notice designatingthe date upon which the caucus or conference isto convene. As soon as possible after the elec-tion of Members to the ensuing Congress, theClerk shall furnish each Member-elect of theparty involved with appropriate written notifi-cation of the caucus or conference.

(3) If a vacancy occurs in the office of majorityleader or minority leader during any even-num-bered year (and has not been filled), the chair-man of the caucus or conference of the party in-volved for the current Congress may call an or-ganizational caucus or conference under para-graph (1) by filing written notice thereof as pro-vided by paragraph (2).(b) Payment and reimbursement for travel and

per diem expenses for Members attendingcaucus or conference; exceptions; regulationsgoverning payments and reimbursements; re-imbursement vouchers

(1)(A) Each Member-elect (other than an in-cumbent Member reelected to the ensuing Con-

gress) who attends a caucus or conference calledunder subsection (a) of this section, and each in-cumbent Member reelected to the ensuing Con-gress who attends any such caucus or conferenceconvening after the adjournment sine die of theCongress in the year involved, shall be paid forone round trip between his or her place of resi-dence in the district which he or she representsand Washington, District of Columbia, for thepurpose of attending such caucus or conference.Payment shall be made through the issuance ofa transportation request form to each suchMember-elect or incumbent Member by the Fi-nance Office of the House before such caucus orconference.

(B) Each Member-elect (other than an incum-bent Member reelected to the ensuing Congress)who attends a caucus or conference called undersubsection (a) of this section shall in addition bereimbursed on a per diem or other basis for ex-penses incurred in connection with his or her at-tendance at such caucus or conference for a pe-riod not to exceed the shorter of the following—

(i) the period beginning with the day beforethe designated date upon which such caucus orconference is to convene and ending with theday after the date of the final adjournment ofsuch caucus or conference; or

(ii) fourteen days.

(2) Payments and reimbursements to Mem-bers-elect under paragraph (1) shall be made asprovided (with respect to Members) in the regu-lations prescribed by the Committee on HouseOversight with respect to travel and other ex-penses of committees and Members. Reimburse-ments shall be paid on special voucher formsprescribed by the Committee on House Over-sight.(c) Availability of applicable accounts of House

The applicable accounts of the House of Rep-resentatives are made available to carry out thepurposes of this section.

(Pub. L. 93–554, title I, ch. III, Dec. 27, 1974, 88Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, § 202(4), Aug.20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1725.)

CODIFICATION

Section is based on section 202 of House ResolutionNo. 988, Ninety-third Congress, Oct. 8, 1974, which wasenacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 93–554.

AMENDMENTS

1996—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–186, § 202(4)(A), sub-stituted ‘‘House Oversight’’ for ‘‘House Administra-tion’’ in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–186, § 202(4)(B), substituted‘‘applicable accounts of the House of Representativesare’’ for ‘‘contingent fund of the House is’’.

CHANGE OF NAME

Committee on House Oversight of House of Rep-resentatives changed to Committee on House Adminis-tration of House of Representatives by House Resolu-tion No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Pub. L. 93–554 provided that the enactment of HouseResolution No. 988, Ninety-third Congress, into perma-nent law is effective Jan. 2, 1975.


This section is referred to in section 43b–2 of thistitle.

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS§§ 29b, 29c

1 See References in Text note below.

§§ 29b, 29c. Omitted

CODIFICATION

Section 29b, based on section 204 of House ResolutionNo. 988, Ninety-third Congress, Oct. 8, 1974, which wasenacted into permanent law, effective Jan. 2, 1975, byPub. L. 93–554, title I, ch. III, Dec. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 1777,established a Commission on Information and Facili-ties in House of Representatives to be composed of ninemembers of the House appointed by Speaker, requiredSpeaker to appoint an Advisory Council to assist Com-mission in carrying out its functions, required Commis-sion to conduct study of informational problems, facili-ties and space, and House legislative counsel require-ments, provided for the scope of study of informationalproblems, and required Commission to make an annualprogress report to Speaker, to complete study of Houselegislative counsel requirements by Jan. 1, 1976, and tosubmit a final report by Jan. 2, 1977.

Section 29c, based on clause 10, rule I, of the Rules ofthe House of Representatives as in effect before July 17,1984, relating to the Office for the Bicentennial for theHouse of Representatives, established by House Resolu-tion No. 621, Ninety-seventh Congress, Dec. 17, 1982,which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L.98–367, title I, § 102, July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 479, estab-lished in House of Representatives an Office for the Bi-centennial of the House of Representatives to coordi-nate planning of commemoration of two-hundredth an-niversary of House of Representatives and to be staffedby a professional historian appointed by Speaker with-out regard to political affiliation and solely on basis offitness to perform duties of the position and to serve atpleasure of Speaker, and provided that the Office ceaseto exist not later than Sept. 30, 1989, unless otherwiseprovided by law or resolution. Office of the Historian ofthe House of Representatives was established by clause10, rule I, of the Rules of the House of Representatives,as added on Jan. 3, 1989 (H. Res. 5, 101st Congress).

§ 29d. Committee on Standards of Official Con-duct of House of Representatives

(a) Omitted

(b) Committee compositionThe respective party caucus or conference of

the House of Representatives shall each nomi-nate to the House of Representatives at the be-ginning of each Congress 7 members to serve onthe Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.(c) Investigative subcommittees

The Committee on Standards of Official Con-duct shall adopt rules providing—

(1) for the establishment of a 4 or 6-memberinvestigative subcommittee (with equal rep-resentation from the majority and minorityparties) whenever the committee votes to un-dertake any investigation;

(2) that the senior majority and minoritymembers on an investigative subcommitteeshall serve as the chairman and ranking mi-nority member of the subcommittee; and

(3) that the chairman and ranking minoritymember of the full committee may only serveas non-voting, ex officio members on an inves-tigative subcommittee.

Clause 5(d) of rule XI 1 of the Rules of the Houseof Representatives shall not apply to any inves-tigative subcommittee.(d) Adjudicatory subcommittees

The Committee on Standards of Official Con-duct shall adopt rules providing—

(1) that upon the completion of an investiga-tion, an investigative subcommittee shall re-port its findings and recommendations to thecommittee;

(2) that, if an investigative subcommittee bymajority vote of its membership adopts astatement of alleged violation, the remainingmembers of the committee shall comprise anadjudicatory subcommittee to hold a discipli-nary hearing on the violation alleged in thestatement;

(3) that any statement of alleged violationand any written response thereto shall bemade public at the first meeting or hearing onthe matter which is open to the public afterthe respondent has been given full opportunityto respond to the statement in accordancewith committee rules, but, if no public hearingor meeting is held on the matter, the state-ment of alleged violation and any written re-sponse thereto shall be included in the com-mittee’s final report to the House of Rep-resentatives as required by clause 4(e)(1)(B) ofrule X 1 of the Rules of the House of Represent-atives;

(4) that a quorum for an adjudicatory sub-committee for the purpose of taking testi-mony and conducting any business shall con-sist of a majority of the membership of thesubcommittee plus one; and

(5) that an adjudicatory subcommittee shalldetermine, after receiving evidence, whetherthe counts in the statement have been provedand shall report its findings to the committee.

Clause 5(d) of rule XI 1 of the Rules of the Houseof Representatives shall not apply to any adju-dicatory subcommittee.(e) to (h) Omitted

(i) Advice and education(1) The Committee on Standards of Official

Conduct shall establish within the committee anOffice on Advice and Education (hereinafter inthis subsection referred to as the ‘‘Office’’)under the supervision of the chairman.

(2) The Office shall be headed by a directorwho shall be appointed by the chairman, in con-sultation with the ranking minority member,and shall be comprised of such staff as the chair-man determines is necessary to carry out the re-sponsibilities of the Office.

(3) The primary responsibilities of the Officeshall include:

(A) Providing information and guidance toMembers, officers and employees of the Houseregarding any laws, rules, regulations, andother standards of conduct applicable to suchindividuals in their official capacities, and anyinterpretations and advisory opinions of thecommittee.

(B) Submitting to the chairman and rankingminority member of the committee any writ-ten request from any such Member, officer oremployee for an interpretation of applicablelaws, rules, regulations, or other standards ofconduct, together with any recommendationsthereon.

(C) Recommending to the committee for itsconsideration formal advisory opinions of gen-eral applicability.

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS § 30a

(D) Developing and carrying out, subject tothe approval of the chairman, periodic edu-cational briefings for Members, officers andemployees of the House on those laws, rules,regulations, or other standards of conduct ap-plicable to them.

(4) No information provided to the Committeeon Standards of Official Conduct by a Member,officer or employee of the House of Representa-tives when seeking advice regarding prospectiveconduct of such Member, officer or employeemay be used as the basis for initiating an inves-tigation under clause 4(e)(1)(B) of rule X 1 of theRules of the House of Representatives, if suchMember, officer or employee acts in accordancewith the written advice of the committee.(j) Effective date

This section shall take effect immediately be-fore noon January 3, 1991, except that sub-sections (g), (h), and (i) shall take effect on Jan-uary 1, 1990.

(Pub. L. 101–194, title VIII, § 803, Nov. 30, 1989, 103Stat. 1774.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Rules of the House of Representatives for theOne Hundred Sixth Congress were adopted and amendedgenerally by House Resolution No. 5, One HundredSixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999. Provisions formerly ap-pearing in clause 5(d) of rule XI, referred to in subsecs.(c) and (d), are now contained in clause 6(d) of rule X.Provisions formerly appearing in clause 4(e)(1)(B) ofrule X, referred to in subsecs. (d)(3) and (i)(4), are nowcontained in clause 3(a)(2) of rule XI.

CODIFICATION

Section is comprised of section 803 of Pub. L. 101–194.Subsecs. (a) and (e) to (h) of section 803 amended theRules of the House of Representatives which are notclassified to the Code.

ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS; AMENDMENTS TO ADVISORYOPINIONS

Section 801(e) of Pub. L. 101–194 provided that: ‘‘TheCommittee on Standards of Official Conduct of theHouse of Representatives shall amend its advisoryopinions relating to the acceptance of gifts (1) to pro-hibit lodging received as personal hospitality in excessof 30 days in any calendar year from any individual un-less a written waiver is granted by the committee and(2) to exempt gifts of food and beverages consumed notin connection with gifts of lodging from coverage underclause 4 of rule XLIII [now clause 4 of rule XXIII] of theRules of the House of Representatives.’’

NONCAMPAIGN USE OF CAMPAIGN VEHICLES

Section 802(e) of Pub. L. 101–194 provided that: ‘‘TheCommittee on Standards of Official Conduct of theHouse of Representatives shall issue an advisory opin-ion to provide for appropriate conditions for the inci-dental noncampaign use of vehicles owned or leased bya campaign committee of a Member of the House ofRepresentatives.’’

RESTRICTIONS ON REIMBURSABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES

Section 805 of Pub. L. 101–194 provided that:‘‘(a) RESTRICTIONS.—The Committee on Standards of

Official Conduct of the House of Representatives shallamend its advisory opinions relating to the acceptanceof necessary travel expenses incurred on or after Janu-ary 1, 1990, in connection with speaking engagementsand similar events to—

‘‘(1) prohibit the acceptance of such expenses formore than 4 consecutive days in the case of domestic

travel and 7 consecutive days (excluding travel days)in the case of foreign travel; and

‘‘(2) permit the acceptance of travel expenses forthe spouse or other family member in connectionwith any substantial participation event or fact-find-ing activity.‘‘(b) EXEMPTION AUTHORITY.—The Committee on

Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Rep-resentatives is authorized to grant prior written ex-emptions from the limitations contained in subsection(a)(1) in exceptional circumstances.’’

§ 30. Term of service of Members of Congress astrustees or directors of corporations or insti-tutions appropriated for

In all cases where Members of Congress orSenators are appointed to represent Congress onany board of trustees or board of directors ofany corporation or institution to which Con-gress makes any appropriation, the term of saidMembers or Senators, as such trustee or direc-tor, shall continue until the expiration of twomonths after the first meeting of the Congresschosen next after their appointment.

(Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 199, § 1, 27 Stat. 553.)

CODIFICATION

Section was formerly classified to section 722 of Title31 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97–258, § 1, Sept. 13,1982, 96 Stat. 877.

§ 30a. Jury duty exemption of elected officials oflegislative branch

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision ofFederal, State or local law, no elected official ofthe legislative branch of the United States Gov-ernment shall be required to serve on a grand orpetit jury, convened by any Federal, State orlocal court, whether such service is requested byjudicial summons or by some other means ofcompulsion.

(b) ‘‘Elected official of the legislative branch’’shall mean each Member of the United StatesHouse of Representatives, the Delegates fromthe District of Columbia, Guam, the AmericanVirgin Islands, and American Samoa, and theResident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, andeach United States Senator.

(Pub. L. 101–520, title III, § 310, Nov. 5, 1990, 104Stat. 2278.)

CODIFICATION

Section is from the Legislative Branch Appropria-tions Act, 1991.

CHAPTER 3COMPENSATION ANDALLOWANCES OF MEMBERS

Sec.31. Compensation of Members of Congress.31–1. Repealed.31–2. Gifts and travel.

(a) Gifts.(b) Limits on domestic and foreign travel

by Members and staff of Senate.31a. Repealed.31a–1. Expense allowance of Majority and Minority

Leaders of Senate; expense allowance ofMajority and Minority Whips; methods ofpayment; taxability.

31a–2. Representation Allowance Account for Major-ity and Minority Leaders of Senate.


Sec.(a) Establishment; purpose.(b) Payments; allotment; reimbursement

for actual expenses; taxability.(c) Authorization of appropriations.

31a–2a. Transfer of funds from representation allow-ance of Majority and Minority Leaders ofSenate to expense allowance; availability;definitions.

31a–2b. Transfer of funds from appropriations ac-count of Majority and Minority Leaders ofSenate to appropriations account, Mis-cellaneous Items, within Senate contingentfund.

(a) Requests for transfers.(b) Authority to incur expenses.(c) Authority to advance sums.

31a–2c. Transfer of funds from appropriations ac-count of Majority and Minority Whips ofSenate to appropriations account, Mis-cellaneous Items, within Senate contingentfund.

(a) Requests for transfers.(b) Authority to incur expenses.(c) Authority to advance sums.

31a–3. Expense allowance for Chairmen of Majorityand Minority Conference Committees ofSenate; method of payment; taxability.

31a–4. Expense allowance for Chairmen of Majorityand Minority Policy Committees of Senate;method of payment; taxability.

31b. Expense allowance of Speaker of House ofRepresentatives.

31b–1. Former Speakers of House of Representa-tives; retention of office, furniture, etc., inCongressional district following expirationof term as Representative; exceptions.

31b–2. Allowance available to former Speaker forpayment of office and other expenses for ad-ministration, etc., of matters pertaining toincumbency in office as Representative andSpeaker.

31b–3. Repealed.31b–4. Franked mail and printing privileges of

former Speaker.31b–5. Staff assistance to former Speaker for admin-

istration, etc., of matters pertaining to in-cumbency in office as Representative andSpeaker; compensation and status of staff.

31b–6. Repealed.31b–7. Availability of entitlements of former Speak-

er for 5 years.31c. Repealed.32. Compensation of President pro tempore of

Senate.32a. Compensation of Deputy President pro tem-

pore of Senate.32b. Expense allowance of President pro tempore

of Senate; methods of payment; taxability.33. Senators’ salaries.34. Representatives’ and Delegates’ salaries pay-

able monthly.35. Salaries payable monthly after taking oath.35a. End-of-the-month salary payment schedule

inapplicable to Senators.36. Salaries of Senators.36a. Payment of sums due deceased Senators and

Senate personnel.37. Salaries of Representatives, Delegates, and

Resident Commissioners elected for un-expired terms.

38. Repealed.38a. Disposition of unpaid salary and other sums

on death of Representative or ResidentCommissioner.

38b. Death gratuity payments as gifts.39. Deductions for absence.40. Deductions for withdrawal.40a. Deductions for delinquent indebtedness.41, 42. Repealed.

Sec.42a. Special delivery postage allowance for Presi-

dent of Senate.42a–1 to 43b–1. Repealed or Omitted.43b–2. Staff expenses for House Members attending

organizational caucus or conference.43b–3. Payments and reimbursements for certain

House staff expenses.43c. Repealed.43d. Organizational expenses of Senator-elect.

(a) Appointment of employees by Sec-retary of Senate to assist; termi-nation of employment.

(b) Payment of salaries of appointed em-ployees; funding; maximumamount.

(c) Payment of transportation and perdiem expenses of Senator-elect andappointed employees for one roundtrip from home State to Washing-ton, D.C. for business of impendingCongress; funding; maximumamount.

(d) Payment of telegrams, telephoneservices, and stationery expenses.

44 to 46. Omitted.46a. Stationery allowance for President of Senate.46a–1. Senate revolving fund for stationery allow-

ances; availability of unexpended balances;withdrawals.

46a–2 to 46b. Omitted or Repealed.46b–1. House revolving fund for stationery allow-

ances; disposition of moneys from station-ery sales; availability of unexpended bal-ances.

46b–2 to 46d. Repealed.46d–1. Long-distance telephone calls for Vice Presi-

dent.46d–2 to 46i. Repealed.47. Mode of payment.48. Certification of salary and mileage accounts.49. Certificate of salary during recess.50. Substitute to sign certificates for salary and

accounts.51. Monuments to deceased Senators or House

Members.52, 53. Repealed.54. Annotated United States Code for Members of

House of Representatives to be paid forfrom Members’ Representational Allow-ance.

(a) In general.(b) ‘‘Member of the House of Representa-

tives’’ defined.(c) Regulations.

55. United States Code Annotated or UnitedStates Code Service; procurement for Sen-ators.

56. Repealed.57. Adjustment of House of Representatives al-

lowances by Committee on House Over-sight.

(a) In general.(b) Provision specified.(c) ‘‘Member of the House of Representa-

tives’’ defined.57a. Limitation on allowance authority of Com-

mittee on House Oversight.(a) In general.(b) Resolution requirement.(c) Provision specified.

57b. Representational allowance for Members ofHouse of Representatives.

(a) In general.(b) Merger.(c) ‘‘Member of the House of Representa-

tives’’ defined.(d) Regulations.(e) Effective Date.

58. Mail, telegraph, telephone, stationery, officesupplies, and home State office and travelexpenses for Senators.


Sec.(a) Authorization for payment from Sen-

ate contingent fund.(b) Limits for authorized expenses; recal-

culation formula.(c), (d) Repealed.(e) Transportation, essential travel-re-

lated expenses, and per diem ex-penses; coverage; limitations;amounts.

(f) Omitted.(g) Closing of deceased Senator’s State

offices.(h) Individuals serving on panels or other

bodies recommending nominees forFederal judgeships, service acad-emies, United States Attorneys, orUnited States Marshals.

(i) Authorization of Secretary of Senateto pay reimbursable expenses.

(j) Advances from Senate contingentfund for travel expenses for officialbusiness trips; vouchers; settle-ment.

58a. Telecommunications services for Senators;payment of costs out of contingent fund.

58a–1. Payment for telecommunications equipmentand services; definitions.

58a–2. Certification of telecommunications equip-ment and services as official.

(a) Regulations issued by Committee onRules and Administration.

(b) Equipment and services provided onreimbursable basis.

(c) Establishment of reasonable charges.(d) Disposition of moneys received.(e) Committee authority to classify or

reclassify equipment and services.58a–3. Report on telecommunications to Committee

on Rules and Administration.58a–4. Metered charges on copiers; ‘‘Sergeant at

Arms’’ and ‘‘user’’ defined; certification ofservices and equipment as official; depositof payments; availability for expenditure.

58b. Repealed.58c. Senators’ Official Personnel and Office Ex-

pense Account.58c–1. Repealed.59. Home State office space for Senators; lease of

office space.(a) Procurement by Sergeant at Arms of

Senate in places designated by Sen-ator; places subject to use; lease ofoffice space.

(b) Maximum amount of aggregatesquare feet for each Senator.

(c) Maximum annual rental rate; maxi-mum aggregate amount for acquisi-tion of furniture, equipment, andother office furnishings.

(d) Senators subject to maximumamount of aggregate square feetand maximum annual rental rate.

(e) Omitted.(f) Mobile office.(g) Effective date.

59–1. Additional home State office space for Sen-ators; declaration of disaster or emergency.

59a. Repealed.59b. Purchase of office equipment or furnishings

by Senators.(a) Authorization; conditions.(b) Request by Senator and arrangement

for purchase by Sergeant at Arms ofSenate; regulations governing pur-chase; price.

(c) Remittance of amounts received toGeneral Services Administration;disposition.

59c. Transferred.

Sec.59d. Transportation of official records and papers

to House Members’ district.(a) Payment of reasonable expenses from

applicable accounts of House; rulesand regulations.

(b) ‘‘Member of the House of Representa-tives’’ and ‘‘official records and pa-pers’’ defined.

59e. Official mail of persons entitled to use con-gressional frank.

(a) Congressional committee regulationsfor expenditure of appropriationsfor official mail.

(b) Postmaster General functions.(c) Source of funds for expenses of offi-

cial mail.(d) Maintenance or use of unofficial of-

fice accounts or defrayal of officialexpenses from certain funds prohib-ited.

(e) Official Mail Allowance in House ofRepresentatives.

(f) Mass mailing; submission of samplesor description of proposed mail mat-ter; advisory opinion.

(g) ‘‘Member of the House of Representa-tives’’ and ‘‘person entitled to usethe congressional frank’’ defined.

(h) Omitted.(i) Effective date.

59f. Mass mailings by Senate offices; quarterlystatements; publication of summary tabula-tions.

59g. Mass mailing of information by Senatorsunder frank; quarterly registration withSecretary of Senate.

59h. Mass mailing sent by House Members.(a) Notice that mailing is at taxpayer ex-

pense.(b) Publication of each Member’s total

expense and amount.(c) Regulations.(d) Definitions.(e) Applicability.

§ 31. Compensation of Members of Congress

(1) The annual rate of pay for—(A) each Senator, Member of the House of

Representatives, and Delegate to the House ofRepresentatives, and the Resident Commis-sioner from Puerto Rico,

(B) the President pro tempore of the Senate,the majority leader and the minority leader ofthe Senate, and the majority leader and theminority leader of the House of Representa-tives, and

(C) the Speaker of the House of Representa-tives,

shall be the rate determined for such positionsunder chapter 11 of this title, as adjusted byparagraph (2) of this section.

(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), effective atthe beginning of the first applicable pay periodcommencing on or after the first day of themonth in which an adjustment takes effectunder section 5303 of title 5 in the rates of payunder the General Schedule, each annual ratereferred to in paragraph (1) shall be adjusted byan amount, rounded to the nearest multiple of$100 (or if midway between multiples of $100, tothe next higher multiple of $100), equal to thepercentage of such annual rate which cor-responds to the most recent percentage changein the ECI (relative to the date described in the

TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS§ 31

next sentence), as determined under section704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. Theappropriate date under this sentence is the firstday of the fiscal year in which such adjustmentin the rates of pay under the General Scheduletakes effect.

(B) In no event shall the percentage adjust-ment taking effect under subparagraph (A) inany calendar year (before rounding), in any rateof pay, exceed the percentage adjustment takingeffect in such calendar year under section 5303 oftitle 5 in the rates of pay under the GeneralSchedule.

(Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, title VI, § 601(a), 60 Stat.850; Jan. 19, 1949, ch. 2, § 1(d), 63 Stat. 4; Mar. 2,1955, ch. 9, § 4(a), 69 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 88–426, titleII, § 204, Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 89–301,§ 11(e), Oct. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 91–67,§ 2, Sept. 15, 1969, 83 Stat. 107; Pub. L. 94–82, titleII, § 204(a), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 421; Pub. L.101–194, title VII, § 704(a)(2)(B), Nov. 30, 1989, 103Stat. 1769; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, § 529 [title I,§ 101(b)(4)(D)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439;Pub. L. 103–356, title I, § 101(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108Stat. 3410.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The General Schedule, referred to in par. (2), is setout under section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organiza-tion and Employees.

Section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, re-ferred to in par. (2)(A), is section 704(a)(1) of Pub. L.101–194, which is set out as a note under section 5318 ofTitle 5.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 31, acts Feb. 26, 1907, ch. 1635, § 4, 34Stat. 993; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 549, § 4, 43 Stat. 1301; May 17,1932, ch. 190, 47 Stat. 158, related to compensation ofMembers of Congress, prior to enactment of act Aug. 2,1946.

AMENDMENTS

1994—Par. (2). Pub. L. 103–356 designated existing pro-visions as subpar. (A), substituted ‘‘Subject to subpara-graph (B), effective’’ for ‘‘Effective’’, and added subpar.(B).

1990—Par. (2). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted ‘‘5303’’ for‘‘5305’’.

1989—Par. (2). Pub. L. 101–194 substituted ‘‘the mostrecent percentage change in the ECI (relative to thedate described in the next sentence), as determinedunder section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989.The appropriate date under this sentence is the firstday of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in therates of pay under the General Schedule takes effect’’for ‘‘the overall average percentage (as set forth in thereport transmitted to the Congress under such section5305) of the adjustment in the rates of pay under theGeneral Schedule’’.

1975—Pub. L. 94–82 designated existing provisions aspar. (1), substituted provisions that rate of pay of thespecified parties shall be determined under section 351et seq. of this title, as adjusted by par. (2) for provi-sions setting rate of compensation at $42,500 for Sen-ators, Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Com-missioner, $62,500 for Speaker, and $49,500 for Presidentpro tempore of Senate and Majority and Minority Lead-ers of House and Senate, and added par. (2).

1969—Pub. L. 91–67 increased compensation of Speak-er from $43,000 to $62,500 per annum and compensationof Majority and Minority Leaders of both Houses ofCongress from $35,000 to $49,500 per annum, and fixedcompensation of President pro tempore of Senate at$49,500 per annum.

1965—Pub. L. 89–301 inserted provisions setting rate ofcompensation of Majority and Minority Leaders of Sen-ate and House of Representatives at $35,000 per annumeach.

1964—Pub. L. 88–426 increased compensation of Sen-ators, Representatives and Resident Commissionerfrom $22,500 to $30,000 per annum and that of Speakerfrom $35,000 to $43,000 per annum, and eliminated provi-sions which related to Delegates from the Territories.

1955—Act Mar. 2, 1955, increased salaries of Senators,Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commis-sioner from $12,500 a year to $22,500 and compensationof Speaker from $30,000 to $35,000 a year.

1949—Act Jan. 19, 1949, increased Speaker’s salaryfrom $20,000 per year to $30,000.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT

Section 101 of Pub. L. 103–356 provided that theamendment made by that section is effective Dec. 31,1994.


Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such dateas the President shall determine, but not earlier than90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990,see section 529 [title III, § 305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set outas a note under section 5301 of Title 5, Government Or-ganization and Employees.


Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991,see section 704(b) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a noteunder section 5318 of Title 5, Government Organizationand Employees.


Amendment by Pub. L. 91–67 effective Mar. 1, 1969, seesection 3 of Pub. L. 91–67, set out as a note under sec-tion 104 of Title 3, The President.


Amendment by Pub. L. 89–301 effective on first day offirst pay period which begins on or after October 1, 1965,see section 17 of Pub. L. 89–301.


Amendment by Pub. L. 88–426 effective at noon, Jan.3, 1965, see section 501(b) of Pub. L. 88–426.


Section 5 of act Mar. 2, 1955, provided that: ‘‘The pro-visions of this Act [amending this section, section 104of Title 3, The President, section 7443 of Title 26, Inter-nal Revenue Code, sections 5, 44, 135, 173, 213, 252, and508 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, sec-tion 101 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions,and section 654 of Title 50, War and National Defense,and repealing section 31a of this title] shall take effectMar. 1, 1955.’’


Amendment by act Jan. 19, 1949, effective at noon,Jan. 20, 1949, see section 3 of act Jan. 19, 1949.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section 601(a) of act Aug. 2, 1946, provided that thesalary rates provided by such section 601(a) are effec-tive Jan. 3, 1947.

SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT

Pub. L. 104–186, § 1(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1718, pro-vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification]may be cited as the ‘House of Representatives Adminis-trative Reform Technical Corrections Act’.’’

SHORT TITLE OF 1964 AMENDMENT

Section 201 of title II of Pub. L. 88–426 provided that:‘‘This title [enacting sections 61a, 61a–2, 61d, 61e, 60e–11,


84–2, 136a, 136b, and 273 of this title, sections 42a and 51aof former Title 31, Money and Finance, sections 162a,166b, and 166b–1 of former Title 40, Public Buildings,Property, and Works, and section 39a of former Title 44,Public Printing and Documents, amending this sectionand section 72a of this title, and enacting provisions setout as notes under this section and sections 60a–1 and60f of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal Legisla-tive Salary Act of 1964’.’’

APPROPRIATION OF FUNDS FOR COMPENSATION OF MEM-BERS OF CONGRESS AND FOR ADMINISTRATIVE EX-PENSES AT LEVELS AUTHORIZED BY LAW AND REC-OMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT FOR FEDERAL EMPLOY-EES

Pub. L. 97–51, § 130(c), Oct. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 966, pro-vided that: ‘‘Effective beginning with fiscal year 1983,and continuing each year thereafter, such sums ashereafter may be necessary for ‘Compensation of Mem-bers’ (and administrative expenses related thereto), asauthorized by law and at such level recommended bythe President for Federal employees for that fiscal yearare hereby appropriated from money in the Treasurynot otherwise appropriated. Such sums when paid shallbe in lieu of any sums accrued in prior years but notpaid. For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘Mem-ber’ means each Member of the Senate and the Houseof Representatives, the Resident Commissioner fromPuerto Rico, the Delegates from the District of Colum-bia, Guam, Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, andthe Vice President.’’

SALARY INCREASES

2003—Ex. Ord. No. 13282, Dec. 31, 2002, 68 F.R. 1133, setout as a note under section 5332 of Title 5, GovernmentOrganization and Employees, provided for the adjust-ment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 2003.

2002—Ex. Ord. No. 13249, Dec. 28, 2001, 67 F.R. 639,which provided for the adjustment of pay rates effec-tive Jan. 1, 2002, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13282,Dec. 31, 2002, 68 F.R. 1133, set out as a note under sec-tion 5332 of Title 5.

2001—Ex. Ord. No. 13182, Dec. 23, 2000, 65 F.R. 82879, 66F.R. 10057, which provided for the adjustment of payrates effective Jan. 1, 2001, was superseded by Ex. Ord.No. 13249, Dec. 28, 2001, 67 F.R. 639, formerly set out asa note under section 5332 of Title 5.

2000—Ex. Ord. No. 13144, Dec. 21, 1999, 64 F.R. 72237,which provided for the adjustment of pay rates effec-tive Jan. 1, 2000, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13182,Dec. 23, 2000, 65 F.R. 82879, formerly set out as a noteunder section 5332 of Title 5.

1999—Ex. Ord. No. 13106, Dec. 7, 1998, 63 F.R. 68151,which provided for the adjustment of pay rates effec-tive Jan. 1, 1999, was substantially superseded by Ex.Ord. No. 13144, Dec. 21, 1999, 64 F.R. 72237, formerly setout as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.





1994—Pub. L. 103–6, § 7, Mar. 4, 1993, 107 Stat. 35, pro-vided that:

‘‘(a) COST OF LIVING ADJUSTMENT.—Notwithstandingsection 601(a)(2) of the Legislative Reorganization Actof 1946 (2 U.S.C. 31(2)), the cost of living adjustment (re-lating to pay for Members of Congress) which would be-come effective under such provision of law during cal-endar year 1994 shall not take effect.

‘‘(b) SEVERABILITY.—If any provision of this Act [en-acting provisions set out as notes under sections 1 and3304 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and section 352of Title 45, Railroads, and amending provisions set outas notes under section 3304 of Title 26 and section 352 ofTitle 45], or an amendment made by this Act, or the ap-plication of such provision to any person or circum-stance, is held to be invalid, the remainder of this Act,or an amendment made by this Act, or the applicationof such provision to other persons or circumstances,shall not be affected.’’

1993—Ex. Ord. No. 12826, Dec. 30, 1992, 57 F.R. 62909,which provided for the adjustment of pay rates effec-tive Jan. 1, 1993, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12944,Dec. 28, 1994, 60 F.R. 309, formerly set out as a noteunder section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organizationand Employees.



1990—Ex. Ord. No. 12698, Dec. 23, 1989, 54 F.R. 53473,which provided for adjustments of pay rates effectiveJan. 1, 1990, and Jan. 31, 1990, was superseded by Ex.Ord. No. 12736, Dec. 12, 1990, 55 F.R. 51385, formerly setout as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.

1989—Pub. L. 101–194, title VII, § 703(a)(2), Nov. 30,1989, 103 Stat. 1768, set out as a note under section 5318of Title 5, provided that effective Jan. 1, 1991, the rateof basic pay for the offices and positions under 2 U.S.C.356(A) and (B) shall be increased in the amount of 25percent of their respective rates (as last in effect beforethe increase), except that this shall not affect the rateof basic pay for a Senator, the President pro temporeof the Senate, or the majority leader or the minorityleader of the Senate.

Ex. Ord. No. 12663, Jan. 6, 1989, 54 F.R. 791, which pro-vided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1,1989, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12698, Dec. 23, 1989,54 F.R. 53473, formerly set out as a note under section5332 of Title 5.

1988—Ex. Ord. No. 12622, Dec. 31, 1987, 53 F.R. 222,which provided for the adjustment of pay rates effec-tive Jan. 1, 1988, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12663,Jan. 6, 1989, 54 F.R. 791, formerly set out as a note undersection 5332 of Title 5.

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