Tissues

Tissues

http://www.whrhs.org/cms/lib07/NJ01001319/Centricity/Domain/81/Primary_Tissue_Types_Picture.bmpHistology is the study of tissues.Tissues (tissu = woven)Group of cellsOne common function

4 primary tissue types:

https://prezi.com/nmdubq8dvhzh/tissues/Epithelial Tissue

http://web.clark.edu/rrausch/biolabs/histo/epithelia/PCCE_100.jpgCharacteristics2 types:Covering and lining epitheliumGlandular epitheliumForms boundariesRoles:ProtectionAbsorptionFiltrationExcretionSecretionSensory receptionPolaritySpecialized contactsConnective Tissue supportedRegenerationAvascularInnervated What are some examples of these roles in the body?

PolarityApical-basal polarityApical FeaturesMicrovilliCiliaBasal laminaGlycoproteins & collagenFilterscaffoldingBasolateral SurfaceBasal LaminaApical SurfaceMicrovilliCiliaMicrovilli vs Cilia

E.T. have a two-part name.First part describes the number of layers of cells.Simple = one layerStratified = more than one layerSecond part describes the shape of the cells.Squamous = flattenedCuboidal = box shape, tall as they are wideColumnar = column shape, taller than they are wide

Nuclei usually conforms to the shape of the cell!!!

Flattened cell = flattened nucleusCuboidal cell = spherical nucleusColumn cell = elongated nucleusThis will help you when identifying tissue types!!!Simple Epithelia:Simple Squamous EpitheliumFiltration membrane of kidneysAlveoli of lungsEndothelium: friction reducing lining in lymphatic and cardiovascular systemMesothelium: serous membranesThin, absorption, secretion, gas exchangehttp://web.clark.edu/rrausch/biolabs/histo/epithelia/alveoli.jpghttp://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/Histology/0SimpleSquam_Surface1_400X_rev.jpg

Simple Epithelia:Simple Cuboidal EpitheliumSecretion and absorptionGlandular ductsKidney tubulesThin, absorption, secretion, gas exchangehttp://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/simple-cuboidal-epithelium.png

Simple Columnar EpitheliumLines digestive tractAbsorption and secretionGoblet cellsMicrovillihttp://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/52_03.jpg

Simple Epithelia:Pseudostratified Columnar EpitheliumFalse layersGoblet cellsCiliaLines respiratory tract (trachea)Thin, absorption, secretion, gas exchangehttp://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/pseudostratified-ciliated-columnar-epithelium.png

Stratified Epithelia:Stratified Squamous Epithelium:ProtectionApical cells are squamous, basal are cuboidal or columnarEpidermis (keratinized) and body openings (non-keratinized)http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%202%20Review/Epidermis_40x.jpg

Stratified Epithelia:Transitional EpitheliumAbility to stretch and return to normal shape and size.Urinary system (urinary bladder)http://www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2121/images/transitional.jpg

Stratified Epithelia:Stratified Columnar:Rare in bodyPharynx (fair-inks), male urethraStratified Cuboidal:Rare in bodySweat glands, mammary glandsGlandular Epithelia:Gland one or more cells that secrete something (secretion).Endocrine glands:DuctlessProduce hormonesMost are multicellular organs (pituitary gland)Exocrine glands:Secrete directly onto surface (unicellular) or into ducts (multicellular)Goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands.Multicellular exocrine glands:Merocrine: secrete by exocytosisPancreas, sweat glands, salivary glandsHolocrine: secrete within cells and then cell rupturesOil glands (sebaceous glands)Apocrine: apex of cell pinches off and releases secretion (mammary glands)

http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide10.JPGhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/404_Goblet_Cell_new.jpg

Merocrine GlandHolocrine GlandGoblet CellConnective Tissuehttp://herbmitchell.info/Fig.20-5-Typesofconnective.jpg

Classes of Connective TissueCT CharacteristicsGround SubstanceFills space between cellsInterstitial fluid, Cell Adhesion Molecules, proteoglycansFibersProvide supportThree types:Collagen: strongestStronger than steel fibers of same size!Elastic: gives tissue some elasticityReticular: basement membrane, around capillariesCellsImmature (undifferentiated) secretes ground substance and fibers.-blastsMature cells are less active.-cytehttp://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image116.gif

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose CTAreolar CTSupport tissues, storage, defenseUniversal packing materialSoaks up excess fluid during inflammation = edema.http://www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2121/images/areolar.jpg

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose CTAdipose TissueStore nutrients, primarily fatAdipocytesClosely packed cellsShock absorption, energy storage, insulationPoor heat conductor = loose less body heatAbdomen, eyes, kidneys, beneath skin, etc.http://www.deltagen.com/target/histologyatlas/atlas_files/musculoskeletal/adipose_tissue_white_40x.jpg

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose CTReticular CTOnly reticular fibersFibroblastsLymph nodes, spleen, bone marrowForms network to support blood cells, mainly WBCshttp://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/connective-tissue/images/unit.3.18.gif

Connective Tissue Proper: Dense CT (AKA fibrous CT)Dense Regular CTClosely packed collagen fibersHigh tensile strengthFibroblastsWavy = little stretchPoorly vascularizedTendons muscle to boneLigaments bone to boneAponeurosis muscle to muscleFascia wraps muscle fibers, nerves, and blood vessels togetherhttp://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide17.JPG

Connective Tissue Proper: Dense CT (AKA fibrous CT)Dense Irregular CTThicker collagen bundles arranged irregularlyFound in dermisHigh tensile strengthhttp://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/43_04.jpg

Connective Tissue Proper: Dense CT (AKA fibrous CT)Elastic CTStretchabilitySome ligaments (vertebrae)Larger arteries

http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/507/flashcards/974507/png/elastic_dense_connective_tissue1327459744783.png

CartilageWithstands tension and compression.No nerve fibers and avascular.Heals slowlyNutrients come from diffusion through perichondrium.Up to 80% waterChondroblasts produce new matrix until skeleton stops growing.Chondrocytes are found in groups in cavities called lacunae.

CarilageHyaline most abundant in bodyArticular cartilage (end of long bones)Absorb compression in jointsNoseConnects ribs to sternumRespiratory systemEmbryonic skeletonhttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/15lab42006/lb4pg6_files/image017.jpg

CartilageElastic elastic fibersExternal ear and epiglottisFibrocartilage rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of collagenWithstand heavy pressureIntervertebral discshttp://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide20.JPG

http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/04-08i_Fibrocartilage.JPG

Bone TissueOsseous tissueSupport, protection, storage, blood cell productionCollagen and inorganic calcium saltsOsteoblasts and osteocytesHighly vascularhttp://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide22.JPG

Fluid CTBlood:Cells: RBCs, WBCsMatrix: PlasmaFibers: function in blood clottingLymph: blood in lymphatic systemhttp://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide23.JPG

Muscle Tissuehttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19917.jpg

Muscle TissueMany cellsHighly vascularProduce body movementsThree types:SkeletalCardiacSmoothSkeletal MuscleAttached to bonesMovement of skeletonMuscle fibers (muscle cells)Striated (actin and myosin)MultinucleatedMany mitochondriaLong, cylindricalVoluntary Controlhttp://cellbiologyolm.stevegallik.org/sites/histologyolm.stevegallik.org/images/SkeletalMuscle_2.jpg

Cardiac MuscleWalls of heartPushes blood to lungs and body through blood vesselsStriatedIntercalated discs (cell to cell communication)BranchingInvoluntary controlhttp://biologyonline.us/Online%20Human%20Biology/HB%20Lab/HB%20Lab%205/images/cardiac_muscle.jpg

Smooth MuscleNo striationsSpindle shapedWalls of hollow organs other than heartInvoluntary controlhttps://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/212/flashcards/852412/jpg/smooth01muscle.jpg

Nervous tissuehttp://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/images/8679.jpg

Nervous TissueBrain, spinal cord, nervesNeurons and neuroglia (later chapters)http://www.eastcentral.edu/programs/nervous_labels.JPG

Neuron structureNeuron = single nerve cellNerve = group of neuronshttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/images/anatomy/nervous/neuron.jpg