tips menyusun skripsi.pdf

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Tips Menulis Skripsimenurut APA format

Oleh:I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama, SE., MMA., MA.

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Basics:

A research paper (especially onethat requires APA style) is different

than a term paper, a creative writingpaper, a composition-style paper, ora thought paper.

Format Penulisan yang dianut olehSTIM Dhyana Pura


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Tips Menulis Skripsi

Pada umumnya hampir semua tulisan ilmiahmempunyai banyak kesamaan, namun akan lebihbaik jika anda mengikuti apa yang disarankan olehpembimbing atau dosen anda!

Tiap lembaga pendidikan mempunyai gaya dan styleyang berbeda-beda dalam hal format penulisan,untuk itu anda disarankan membaca dan mengikutibuku panduan penulisan yang telah ada.

Intinya: Ikutilah pedoman dan saran dari dosenpembimbing anda, Jangan mengikuti saran diluar ituwalaupun anda anggap bagus, karena yang bagusbelum tentu benar.


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Tips Menulis Skripsi

Impersonal style as a guideline minimize using first person(e.g., this study was conducted rather than we conductedthis study) although there are exceptions .

Jangan menggunakan penggantiorang yang mengekpresikan pelakuorang. Misalnya: penelitian ini

telah dilakukan.daripadakami telah melakukan penelitianini.. walaupun ada perkecualian.


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Do not include any personal statements or anecdotes (e.g., Iwas interested in studying eating disorders because my sisterwas diagnosed with does not belong in a research paper!)

Jangan mengungkap hal yangbehubungan dengan pribadi anda!Misalnya Saya tertarik untukmelakukan penelitian makanan yang

dapat membahayakan karena kakaksaya telah diduga..alasan ini bukanbagian dari penelitian.


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Verb tense as a guideline use past tense (e.g., the resultsindicated rather than the results indicate) although there areexceptions.

Pengungkapan fakta penelitianmenggunakan kalimat lampau,misalnya Hasil penelitian ini

telah mengindikasikandaripadapenelitian ini mengindikasikanwalaupun ada perkecualian.


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Contractions do not use contractions! (e.g., it does notfollow rather than it doesnt follow)

Jangan menggunakan kata katakontraksi!, misalnya Hipotesisditolak karena daripada

Hipotesis ditolak karna


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Biased languagekeep up to date with appropriate terms, especially ifyou are writing a paper that involves gender, race, ethnicity, sexualorientation, etc.

Jangan menggunakan istilah yangmemiliki arti jamak atau yangbersinggungan dengan unsur SARA(Gender, Suku, Agama, Ras, atau yang

berkonotasi sex atau porno (Grafi/aksi)),misalnya: ini kacangku, itu burungmu,buah dada.., dsb.


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Citations be sure to cite your sources. Try to paraphrase asmuch as possible (as opposed to quoting)a couple of ways todo this:

Dalam mengutip Pustaka, hindarimengutip langsung, tapi lakukankutipan tidak langsung


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a couple of ways to dothis:

State a fact or make a claim in the text; thencite your source in parentheses within thesame sentence: It has been demonstrated

that immediate recall is extremely limited for5-year-old children (Jones, 1998). ORPrevious research has shown that response toan auditory stimulus is much faster thanresponse to a visual stimulus (Smith & Jones,

2003).

Can use source as the subject of yoursentence: In a related study, Jones (2005)found that OR In a similar study, Jones andSmith (1999) found that


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Title Page

Should include a running head, title, author name(s),and affiliation all double-spaced (should notinclude instructors name, name of the course, etc.)

Running Head left aligned at top of page;

keywords from title; all capsEx: Running Head: USING APA FORMAT

Title centered about half-way down pageEx: Correctly Using APA Format in a Research Paper

Name centered under titled

Ex: Jane Smith Affiliation school you are attending; centered

under name(s)

Ex: University of North Dakota


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Abstract

Should include a basic description ofthe study in about one sentence per

section of an APA paper

Should be about 120 words

Should look like:


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IntroductionShouldinclude:

Clear and explicit introduction of the construct beinginvestigated

All constructs should be accurately and clearlydefined

Literature review conveys what is known about theconstruct under investigation

Literature used in review is appropriate (i.e., from aprofessional journal)

Literature used in review is accurate in ideas

Logical presentation of ideas (i.e., no illogical jumpsor omissions)

Research proposed is discussed in the context ofwhat is already known

Hypotheses are stated

Should look like:


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MethodShould provide sufficient information to allowreader to easily replicate study, including:

Participants

Describe how many (N=), gender, race/ethnicity,mean age, etc. (any demographic information

that may be relevant to the study) as well ashow participants were recruited

Materials

Describe measures or apparatus used, include

information about the scale of any measures aswell as validity and reliability if available

Should look like:


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Method(continued)

Procedure

Describe the process of conducting the

study (e.g., signing of informed consent,the order of procedures orquestionnaires, if or how participantswere compensated for their time, any

debriefing procedure, etc.) Should look like:


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Results- Should include: Appropriate statistics

This will depend on the design of your study; seeyour instructor with questions pertaining to theappropriate statistical test to use

Appropriate presentation of statistics

An example of appropriate presentation for anANOVA is given below; consult the APA Manual(or your instructor) regarding appropriatepresentation for differing statistics (i.e., how to

present a t-test vs. an ANOVA)

Appropriate interpretation of statistics

Be sure you are interpreting the meaningof yourresults accurately (e.g., p< .05 = significant

result); know what the numbers mean


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DiscussionShouldinclude:

A clear statement of support or nonsupport ofthe original hypotheses

An exploration of the similarities and differences

between the present findings and the work ofothers, including relating findings to applicabletheory

A description of limitations and alternativeexplanations

Commentary on the importance and implicationsof the findings

Should look like:


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ConclusionsHere you should

describe the conclusions you reach (assumingyou got the results described in the Resultssection above).

relate these conclusions back to the level of theconstruct and the general problem area whichyou described in the Introduction section.

also discuss the overall strength of the researchproposed (e.g. general discussion of the strong

and weak validity areas) and should presentsome suggestions for possible future researchwhich would be sensible based on the results ofthis work.


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References

Should be in alphabetical order, seeexamples of different forms ofreferences below

1. The first three are examples of journalarticles

2. The next two (fourth and fifth listed) are

examples of book references3. Consult the APA Manual for other forms of

referencing (e.g., internet sources, editedbooks)

Should look like:


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Tables/Graphs

All tables and graphs should be labeledwith a number, have a title, listed on itsown page, and included in theappendices

1. The example table below is a typical APA-style table

2. Graphs should be appropriate to the scalebeing used (e.g., nominal, ordinal, interval,ratio)

3. Consult the APA Manual or your instructor for

further information on other types of tablesand graphs


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