Thrust Restraint Design Equations and Tables -...

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Thrust Restraint Design Equations and Tables These equations and tables are an effort to provide the piping system designer with conservative techniques and parameters for the design of underground restrained joint piping systems. They utilize recognized design equations and conservative soil parameters. The design equations in this handbook have proven useful in a wide variety of applications since 1982. The soil parameters presented include the results of an extensive study of the actual frictional performance of soils on ductile iron, ductile iron encased with polyethylene, and PVC pipe. The theory and application of this design method are outlined in a series of “Connections” ™ bulletins. These bulletins can be obtained from EBAA Iron Sales. A computer program utilizing all the information provided in these bulletins and this booklet is also available from EBAA Iron Sales. These equations and soil values have proven conservative over the years and are dependent upon accurate soil identification and classification and good installation procedures and inspection. The ultimate responsibility for the identification of soil type, the proper use of the data provided, the final design, and the inspection of the system must rest with the design engineer.

PD-6 5-95

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List of Tables Table Page Number 1 Properties of Soils Used for Bedding to Calculate Fs and Rs 4 2 In Situ Values of Soil Properties for Rs 6 3 Bedding Soil Properties for Fs 6 Restrained Length Tables by Soil Type 4 GW & SW – Well Graded Gravels and Sands, Sand/Gravel Mixtures 12 5 GP & SP – Poorly Graded Gravels and Poorly Graded Sands 14 6 GM & SM – Silty Gravels and Clayey Sands 16 7 GC & SC – Clayey Gravels and Clayey Sands 18 8 CL – Inorganic Clays of Medium to Low Plasticity – In Predominately Dry Soil Above The Water Table 20

9 ML – Inorganic Silts, Very Fine Sands, Rock Flour, Silty or Clayey Fine Sands – In Predominately Dry Soil Above The Water Table 22 10 CL – Inorganic Clays of Low to Medium Plasticity, Bedded in Granular Materials

(GP or SP) Near Saturation Conditions at or Below the Plastic Limit 24 11 CH – Inorganic Clays of High Plasticity, Fat Clays, Bedded in Granular Materials (GP or SP) Near Saturation Conditions at or Below the Plastic Limit 26 12 ML – Inorganic Silts, Very Fine Sands, Rock Flour, Bedded in Granular Material (GP or SP) Near Saturation Conditions at or Below the Plastic Limit 28 13 MH – Inorganic Silts, Micaceous or Diatomaceous Fine Sands or Silts, Elastic Silts, Bedded in Granular Materials (GP or SP) – Near Saturation Conditions At or Below the Plastic Limit 30 14 Fsb – For Use With Dead Ends, Tees, and Reducers 32 15 Nominal Dimensions and Weights 34

List of Figures Figures Page Number

1 The Unified Soil Classification System-ASTM D2487 5 2 Horizontal Bend 6 3 Vertical Down Bend Shown on Vertical Offset 6 4 Tee 6 5 Reducer 6 6 Dead End 6 7 ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50 Trench Conditions 10

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Definition of Terms

A = Cross sectional area of the pipe, in²

Ab = Cross sectional area of the branch of a tee, in²

Al = Cross sectional area of the large side of a reducer, in²

Ap = Area based on half of the pipe circumference in contact with the soil, ft²/ft

(Ap)b = Area based on full pipe circumference in contact with the soil, ft²/ft

As = Cross sectional area of the small side of reducer, in² c = Cohesion of the soil, lbs/ft² D = Outside diameter of the pipe, ft fc = Cohesion modifier coefficient Fs = Frictional resistance acting on the pipeline (acting on half of the pipe diameter), lbs/ft Fsb = Frictional resistance acting on the pipeline (acting on the full pipe diameter), lbs/ft F(sb)l = Fsb on the large side of a reducer, lbs/ft fF = Friction angle modifier coefficient Hc = Mean depth from surface to pipe centerline, ft Kn = Trench compaction modifier Kp = Rankin passive pressure coefficient L = Minimum restrained length for bends, ft

Lh = Minimum restrained length for the branch of a tee, ft Ll = Minimum restrained length for the large side of a reducer, ft Lr = Minimum restrained length on each side of the run of a tee, ft P = Internal pressure, lbs/in² Rs = Bearing resistance acting on the pipeline, lbs/ft Sf = Safety factor Su = Undrained shear strength, lbs/ft² T = Resultant thrust force, lbs W = Normal force acting on the pipeline, lbs/ft

We = Normal force due to the vertical prism load of the soil, lbs/ft

Wp = Normal force due to the weight of the pipe, lbs/ft

Ww = Normal force due to the weight of the water in the pipe, lbs/ft

F = Internal friction angle of the soil, degrees ? = Soil density, lbs/ft³

? = Bend angle, degrees s h = horizontal passive soil pressure, lbs/ft²

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Bearing Resistance Rankin Passive Pressure theory for soils states s h =?HcKp + 2c vKp

where Kp=tan²(45+F/2) Therefore, the bearing resistance along the pipeline is denoted by the term “Rs “ and is represented as Rs=Kns hD Frictional Resistance The frictional resistance acting on a pipeline, “Fs “, can be determined by an adaptation of Potyondy’s equation. Fs=Ap(fcc)+Wtan(fF F ) Where Ap=pD/2 W=2We+Wp+Ww When analyzing the branch of a tee, reducers, or dead

ends, the full pipe circumference should be taken into account since the full surface of the pipe is moving longitudinally into the soil. This modified version of the frictional force is denoted as pFs Fsb=(Ap)b(fcc)_+Wtan(fF F ) where (Ap)b=pD The friction values for the soil should always be based on the soil that is in contact with the pipe. The pipe friction tests also indicated that ductile iron pipe encased with polyethylene film slips inside of the polyethylene encasement. This lends itself to conventional friction theory where the coefficient of friction of polyethylene on a ductile iron pipe surface was determined to be the tangent of 14 degrees. Therefore, for PE encased ductile iron pipe Fs=Fsb=Wtan 14=0.249W Table 1 lists the properties for most soils. Figure 1 lists the soils classifications for ASTM D2487

fc fF Kn

Trench Type SOIL GROUP DI PVC

c (psf) DI PVC

F (deg) (pcf) 3 4 5

GW, SW 0 0 0 1.0 0.7 36 110 .60 .85 1.00 GP, SP 0 0 0 1.0 0.7 31 110 .60 .85 1.00

GM, SM 0 0 0 1.0 0.7 30 110 .60 .85 1.00 GC, SC .40 0.2 225 1.0 0.6 25 100 .60 .85 1.00

CL .50 0.3 250 1.0 0.5 20 100 .60 .85 1.00 ML 0 0 0 1.0 0.6 29 100 .60 .85 1.00

TABLE 1. PROPERTIES OF SOILS USED FOR BEDDING TO CALCULATE Fs AND Fs

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Special Soil Conditions The values in Tables 2 and 3 are for near saturated, undisturbed soils, type CL, ML, CH, and MH with pipe surrounded with sand or gravel having a minimum Standard Proctor Density of 80% or greater. While these values are conservative for most situations, a competent soils engineer should be contacted for pipelines in wetlands, river bottoms, etc.

Kn Soil c=Su

Group (psf) (pcf) 3 4 5 CL 450 100 .60 .85 1.00 CH 400 100 .40 .60 .85 ML 300 100 .60 .85 1.00 MH 250 100 .40 .60 .85

(note: The above values are for undisturbed soil)

TABLE 2: IN SITU VALUE OF SOIL PROPERTIES Rs

Soil Group fc C fφ φ GP & SP 0 0 0 1.00 0.70 31 TABLE 3. BEDDING SOIL PROPERTIES FOR Fs

Bends The resultant thrust force for bends is

T=2PAsin(φ/2) Horizontal Bend

L=SfPAtan(φ/2) Fs+ ½Rs

FIGURE 2. HORIZONTAL BEND Vertical Down Bend

L=SfPAtan(φ/2) Fs

FIGURE 3. VERTICAL DOWN BEND SHOWN ON

VERTICAL OFFSET For vertical offsets use the equation for the vertical down bend for the upper bend and the equation for thehorizontal bend for the lower bend. Tees

Lb=Sf(PAb-RsLr) Fsb

FIGURE 4. TEE

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Reducers Restrained length on the large side. Lt=SfP(Al-As) (Fsh)l

FIGURE 5. REDUCER Dead Ends L=SfPA Fsb

FIGURE 6. DEAD ENDS

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REFERENCES Potyondy, J.G.; “Skin Friction Between Various Soils and Construction Materials”, Geotechnique, London, England, Volume II, No. 4, December 1961, PP 339-353. Kennedy, Harold Jr., Shumard, Dennis D., and Meeks, Cary M.; “Investigation of Pipe-To-Soil Friction and Its Affect on Thrust Restraint For PVC and Ductile -Iron Pipe”, Presented at AWWA Distribution Systems Symposium, September 1989. Carlesen, Rodger J.; “Thrust Restraint for Underground Piping Systems”, Ductile Iron Pipe News, CIPRA, Spring 1975. DIPRA; “Thrust Restraint Design for Ductile -Iron Pipe”, Second Edition, 1986. Lambe, T. William, and Whitman, Robert V.; Soil Mechanics, Series in Soil Engineering,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1969. ASTM D 2487; “Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes.” Uni-Bell Plastic Pipe Association; Handbook of PVC Pipe, Design, and Construction, Dallas, Texas.

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HOW TO USE THE TABLES TO DETERMINE THE RESTRAINED LENGTH, L Tables 4 through 13 have been formulated for hori-

zontal 90 degree bends having a pressure in the pipeline of 100 psi. A 1.5 safety factor has also been applied.

Step 1: Identify the soil along the route of the

proposed pipeline and classify it according to the Unified Soil Classification System. This can be done through an engineering soil survey. If a detailed soil survey is not available, refer to the published soil surveys of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, County Soil Survey. These useful publications contain information on the soils in almost every country of the U.S.

Step 2: Determine the test pressure of the proposed

line. All calculations should be done using the test pressure since the test pressure is usually the maximum pressure the line should see in its lifetime.

Step 3: Determine the pipe size and depth of cover. Step 4: Turn to the table covering the appropriate soil

classification for the particular location to be considered. Note that the soil types will probably vary along the pipeline and that separate calculations should be made for each type encountered.

Step 5: Locate the appropriate pipe type, pipe size,

trench type (see Figure 7), and depth of cover in the table and obtain the corresponding L.

Step 6: Multiply the selected value of L by the ratio

of the test pressure of the pipeline to 100 psi (i.e., given a test pressure of 250 psi, multiply L by 2.5).

Step 7: Determine the angle of horizontal bend

required and multiply the L value from Step 6 by the appropriate factor given below. For example: If the bend angle is 45 degrees, multiply L from the chart by this pressure ratio (Step 6) and by 0.414. The new product is the length of pipe to be restrained on both sides of the bend. Every joint within the prescribed

length must be restrained: all fitting joints, pipe joints, valve joints, couplings, sleeves, etc.

Offsets, tees, Dead Ends, and Reducers The equations and tables can also be utilized to

calculate L for offsets, tees, reducers and dead ends. Step 1: Assuming the test pressure, depth of cover,

and soil classification have been determined, turn to the section of the handbook covering the fitting in question. The equations for these fittings contain Rs, Fs, and Fsb. Use Tables 4 through 13 to determine Rs for the particular soil classification, pipe size, and depth of cover. Use Table 14 to determine Fsb.

Step 2: The table values of Rs, Fs, and Fsb can now be

used in the appropriate equation, along with the test pressure and other variables.

Notes on Table Values These tables are to be used with soils that are

unsaturated or near saturated. Saturated soil conditions should be calculated using the values given in Tables 1 through 3.

For horizontal bends other than 90 degrees, multiply

the given length by one of the following coefficients: 45 degrees – 0.414 22 ½ degrees – 0.199 11¼ degrees – 0.098.

Units Fs and Fsb – lbs/ft Rs – lbs/ft Size-nominal pipe size, in. Depth-depth of bury to the top of the pipe, ft. L-restrained length, ft. Pipe Classifications DI-bare ductile iron pipe DI/PE-polyetheylene encased ductile iron pipe PVC-polyvinyl chloride pipe

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RESTRAINED LENGTH TABLES

TABLE SOIL TYPE AND DESCRIPTION PAGE 4 GW & SW – WELL GRADED GRAVELS AND WELL 12 GRADED SANDS 5 GP & SP – POORLY GRADED GRAVELS AND POORLY 14 GRADED SANDS 6 GM & SM – SILTY GRAVELS AND SILTY SANDS 16 7 GC & SC – CLAYEY GRAVELS AND CLAYEY SANDS 18 8 CL – INORGANIC CLAYS OF LOW TO MEDIUM PLASTICITY 20

- IN PREDOMINATELY DRY SOIL ABOVE THE WATER TABLE 9 ML – INORGANIC SILTS, VERY FINE SANDS, ROCK FLOUR 22

- IN PREDOMINATELY DRY SOIL ABOVE THE WATER TABLE 10 CL – INORGANIC CLAYS OF LOW TO MEDIUM PLASTICITY, 24 BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (GP or SP) – NEAR SATURATION CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW THE PLASTIC LIMIT 11 CH – INORGANIC CLAYS OF HIGH PLASTICITY, FAT CLAYS, 26 BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (GP or SP) – NEAR SATURATION CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW THE PLASTIC LIMIT 12 ML – INORGANIC SILTS, VERY FINE SANDS, ROCK FLOUR, 28 BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (GP or SP) – NEAR SATURATION CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW THE PLASTIC LIMIT 13 MH – INORGANIC SILTS, MICACEOUS OR DIATOMACEOUS 30 FINE SANDS OR SILTS, ELASTIC SILTS, BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (GP or SP) – NEAR SATURATION CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW THE PLASTIC LIMIT 14 Fsb – FOR USE WITH DEAD ENDS, TEES, AND REDUCERS 32 16 NOMINAL PIPE DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS 34

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THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 4 SOIL TYPE: GW & SW – WELL GRADED GRAVELS AND SANDS, SAND/GRAVEL MIXTURES. (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)

SOIL PARAMETERS: SYSTEM DESIGN PARAMETERS: PHI: 36 DEGREES DESIGN PRESSURE: 100 PSI COHESION; 0 PSF BEND ANGLE THETA: 90 DEGREES GAMMA: 110 PCF SAFETY FACTOR: 1.5 ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50 TRENCH TYPE 3 TYPE 4 TYPE 5 DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC fφ 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 fc 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kn 0.60 0.85 1.00 TRENCH TYPE 3 TRENCH TYPE 4 TRENCH TYPE 5 SIZE DEPTH Fs

DI Fs

DI/PE Fs

PVC

Rs L

DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

4 2.5 174 60 107 275 9 14 11 389 7 11 9 458 7 9 8 4 3.0 206 71 128 325 7 12 9 461 6 9 8 542 6 8 7 4 4.0 270 93 170 427 6 9 7 605 5 7 6 712 4 6 5 4 6.0 397 136 252 630 4 6 5 893 3 5 4 1051 3 4 3 4 8.0 525 180 335 834 3 5 4 1181 2 4 3 1390 2 3 3 4 10.0 653 224 418 1037 2 4 3 1496 2 3 2 1729 2 2 2 6 2.5 255 88 158 411 12 19 15 583 10 15 12 686 9 13 11 6 3.0 301 103 188 485 10 16 13 687 9 13 11 809 8 11 9 6 4.0 394 135 248 633 8 12 10 896 7 10 8 1054 6 8 7 6 6.0 579 199 368 927 5 8 7 1314 5 7 5 1546 4 6 5 6 8.0 765 262 488 1222 4 6 5 1732 3 5 4 2037 3 4 4 6 10.0 950 326 608 1517 3 5 4 2149 3 4 3 2529 3 4 3 8 2.5 336 115 208 548 16 25 20 777 13 19 16 914 12 17 15 8 3.0 396 136 247 643 13 21 17 912 11 16 14 1072 10 14 12 8 4.0 516 177 324 834 10 16 13 1182 9 13 11 1390 8 11 9 8 6.0 756 259 480 1215 7 11 9 1722 6 9 7 2026 5 8 6 8 8.0 995 342 635 1597 5 8 7 2262 5 7 5 2661 4 6 5 8 10.0 1235 424 790 1978 4 7 5 2802 4 5 4 3297 3 5 4

10 2.5 423 145 262 701 19 29 24 993 16 23 19 1168 14 20 17 10 3.0 498 171 310 819 16 25 20 1161 13 19 16 1365 12 17 15 10 4.0 646 222 406 1056 12 19 16 1495 10 15 13 1759 10 13 11 10 6.0 943 324 599 1528 8 13 11 2165 7 10 9 2547 7 9 8 10 8.0 1241 426 791 2001 6 10 8 2835 5 8 7 3336 5 7 6 10 10.0 1538 528 984 2474 5 8 7 3505 4 6 5 4124 4 6 5 12 2.5 509 175 314 853 22 34 28 1208 18 26 22 1422 17 23 20 12 3.0 597 205 371 993 19 29 24 1406 16 23 19 1655 14 20 17 12 4.0 773 265 485 1272 15 23 18 1803 12 18 15 2121 11 15 13 12 6.0 1125 386 713 1832 10 16 13 2595 8 12 10 3053 8 11 9 12 8.0 1476 507 941 2391 8 12 10 3387 6 9 8 3985 6 8 7 12 10.0 1828 627 1168 2950 6 10 8 4180 5 8 6 4917 5 7 6 14 2.5 603 207 371 1022 25 38 31 1448 21 30 25 1703 19 26 23 14 3.0 705 242 437 1184 21 33 27 1678 18 26 22 1974 16 22 19 14 4.0 910 312 570 1510 17 26 21 2139 14 20 17 2516 13 18 15 14 6.0 1319 453 835 2161 11 18 14 3061 10 14 12 3601 9 12 10 14 8.0 1728 593 1100 2811 9 14 11 3983 7 11 9 4686 7 9 8 14 10.0 2137 734 1365 3462 7 11 9 4905 6 9 7 5770 5 8 6

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THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 4 SOIL TYPE: GW & SW

T RENCH TYPE 3 TRENCH TYPE 4 TRENCH TYPE 5

SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

16 2.5 694 238 427 1189 28 43 35 1684 23 33 28 1981 21 29 25 16 3.0 810 278 502 1373 24 37 30 1945 20 29 24 2289 18 25 22 16 4.0 1042 358 652 1742 19 29 23 2467 16 22 19 2903 14 20 17 16 6.0 1505 517 952 2479 13 20 16 3512 11 16 13 4132 10 14 12 16 8.0 1969 676 1252 3216 10 16 12 4556 8 12 10 5360 8 11 9 16 10.0 2432 835 1552 3953 8 13 10 5601 7 10 8 6589 6 9 7 18 2.5 791 271 486 1374 30 47 38 1946 25 36 31 2289 23 32 27 18 3.0 921 316 571 1581 26 40 33 2240 22 31 27 2635 20 27 24 18 4.0 1182 406 739 1995 21 32 26 2827 17 25 21 3325 16 22 19 18 6.0 1703 584 1077 2824 14 22 18 4001 12 17 15 4707 11 15 13 18 8.0 2224 763 1414 3653 11 17 14 5175 9 13 11 6088 9 12 10 18 10.0 2745 942 1752 4482 9 14 11 6349 8 11 9 7469 7 10 8 20 2.5 886 304 545 1556 33 51 42 2204 28 39 33 2593 25 34 30 20 3.0 1030 354 638 1785 29 44 36 2528 24 34 29 2974 22 30 26 20 4.0 1318 452 824 2242 23 35 28 3176 19 27 23 3737 17 24 20 20 6.0 1893 650 1197 3156 16 25 20 4473 13 19 16 5262 12 17 14 20 8.0 2469 847 1570 4073 12 19 15 5770 10 15 12 6788 9 13 11 20 10.0 3044 1045 1942 4988 10 16 12 7066 8 12 10 8313 8 11 9 24 2.5 1089 374 669 1954 38 58 48 2768 32 45 38 3257 29 39 34 24 3.0 1261 433 780 2227 33 51 41 3155 28 39 33 3712 25 34 30 24 4.0 1605 551 1003 2774 26 40 33 3930 22 31 26 4623 20 27 24 24 6.0 2292 787 1448 3867 19 29 23 5478 16 22 19 6445 14 20 17 24 8.0 2980 1022 1893 4960 14 22 18 7027 12 17 15 8267 11 15 13 24 10.0 3667 1258 2338 6053 12 18 15 8576 10 14 12 10089 9 12 11 30 2.5 1405 482 864 2603 45 68 56 3688 37 52 45 4338 34 45 40 30 3.0 1619 556 1003 2942 39 60 49 4169 33 46 39 4904 30 40 35 30 4.0 2046 702 1279 3621 31 48 39 5130 26 37 31 6035 24 32 28 30 6.0 2899 995 1832 4979 22 35 28 7053 19 27 23 8298 17 23 20 30 8.0 3753 1288 2385 6336 17 27 22 8976 15 21 18 10561 13 18 16 30 10.0 4606 1581 2937 7694 14 22 18 10900 12 17 14 12823 11 15 13 36 2.5 1749 600 1074 3321 51 76 63 4705 42 59 50 5535 38 51 45 36 3.0 2004 688 1239 3726 45 68 56 5279 37 52 45 6211 34 46 40 36 4.0 2514 863 1569 4537 36 55 45 6428 30 42 36 7562 27 37 32 36 6.0 3534 1213 2230 6159 26 40 33 8726 22 31 26 10265 20 27 23 36 8.0 4554 1563 2890 7781 20 32 25 11023 17 24 21 12969 16 21 18 36 10.0 5573 1913 3551 9403 17 26 21 13321 14 20 17 15672 13 18 15 42 2.5 2113 725 4107 56 84 5819 46 64 6846 42 56 42 3.0 2410 827 4579 50 75 6487 41 57 7632 37 50 42 4.0 3003 1030 5522 40 62 7823 34 47 9204 31 41 42 6.0 4189 1437 7409 30 45 10495 25 35 12348 23 31 42 8.0 5375 1844 9295 23 36 13168 20 28 15491 18 24 42 10.0 6561 2251 11181 19 30 15840 16 23 18635 15 20 48 2.5 2503 859 4963 61 91 7031 51 70 8271 46 61 48 3.0 2841 975 5500 54 82 7792 45 62 9167 41 55 48 4.0 3517 1207 6576 45 68 9316 37 52 10960 34 45 48 6.0 4869 1671 8727 33 50 12363 28 39 14544 25 34 48 8.0 6221 2135 10877 26 40 15409 22 31 18129 20 27 48 10.0 7573 2599 13028 22 33 18456 18 26 21713 16 23 54 2.5 2924 1004 5905 65 97 8366 54 74 9842 49 65 54 3.0 3305 1134 6510 59 88 9223 49 67 10851 44 59 54 4.0 4066 1395 7720 48 73 10937 40 56 12867 37 49 54 6.0 5587 1917 10141 36 55 14366 30 42 16901 27 37 54 8.0 7109 2440 12561 29 44 17794 24 34 20935 22 30 54 10.0 8631 2962 14981 24 37 21223 20 28 24968 18 25

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THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 5 SOIL TYPE: GP & SP – POORLY GRADED GRAVELS AND POORLY GRADED SANDS (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)

SOIL PARAMETERS: SYSTEM DESIGN PARAMETERS: PHI: 31 DEGREES DESIGN PRESSURE: 100 PSI COHESION: 0 PSF BEND ANGLE THETA: 90 DEGREES GAMMA: 110 PCF SAFETY FACTOR: 1.5 ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50 TRENCH TYPE 3 TYPE 4 TYPE 5 DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC fφ 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 fc 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kn 0.60 0.85 1.00 TRENCH TYPE 3 TRENCH TYPE 4 TRENCH TYPE 5 SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

4 2.5 144 60 91 223 11 16 13 315 9 12 11 371 8 11 10 4 3.0 170 71 108 264 9 13 11 374 8 11 9 440 7 9 8 4 4.0 223 93 143 346 7 10 9 491 6 8 7 577 5 7 6 4 6.0 329 136 213 511 5 7 6 724 4 5 5 852 4 5 4 4 8.0 434 180 283 676 4 5 4 958 3 4 4 1127 3 4 3 4 10.0 540 224 353 841 3 4 4 1192 2 3 3 1402 2 3 3 6 2.5 211 88 134 334 15 22 19 473 13 17 15 556 11 15 14 6 3.0 249 103 159 393 13 19 16 557 11 15 13 656 10 13 12 6 4.0 326 135 210 513 10 14 12 727 8 11 10 855 7 10 9 6 6.0 479 199 311 752 7 10 8 1066 6 8 7 1254 5 7 6 6 8.0 633 262 413 991 5 7 6 1404 4 6 5 1652 4 5 5 6 10.0 786 326 515 1231 4 6 5 1743 3 5 4 2051 3 4 4 8 2.5 278 115 176 445 19 29 24 630 16 22 20 741 15 20 18 8 3.0 327 136 209 522 16 24 21 739 14 19 17 870 13 17 15 8 4.0 427 177 274 677 13 19 16 958 11 15 13 1128 10 13 12 8 6.0 625 259 406 986 9 13 11 1397 7 10 9 1643 7 9 8 8 8.0 823 342 537 1295 7 10 8 1835 6 8 7 2159 5 7 6 8 10.0 1021 424 668 1604 5 8 7 2273 4 6 5 2674 4 5 5 10 2.5 350 145 221 569 23 34 29 805 19 26 23 948 18 23 21 10 3.0 411 171 262 664 20 29 24 941 16 23 20 1107 15 20 18 10 4.0 534 222 343 856 15 22 19 1213 13 18 15 1427 12 16 14 10 6.0 780 324 506 1240 10 15 13 1756 9 12 10 2066 8 11 9 10 8.0 1026 426 669 1623 8 12 10 2300 7 9 8 2705 6 8 7 10 10.0 1272 528 832 2007 6 9 8 2843 5 7 6 3344 5 7 6 12 2.5 421 175 266 692 27 39 34 980 23 31 27 1153 21 27 24 12 3.0 494 205 314 805 23 34 29 1141 19 26 23 1342 18 23 21 12 4.0 639 265 410 1032 18 26 22 1462 15 21 18 1720 14 18 16 12 6.0 930 386 603 1486 12 18 15 2105 10 14 12 2476 9 13 11 12 8.0 1429 593 930 2280 11 16 13 3230 9 12 11 3800 8 11 10 12 10.0 1512 627 988 2393 8 11 9 3390 6 9 8 3988 6 8 7 14 2.5 499 207 314 829 30 44 38 1174 25 35 31 1381 23 31 27 14 3.0 583 242 370 961 26 38 32 1361 22 30 26 1601 20 26 24 14 4.0 753 312 482 1225 20 30 25 1735 17 23 20 2041 16 21 18 14 6.0 1091 453 706 1752 14 21 17 2483 12 16 14 2921 11 14 13 14 8.0 1429 593 930 2280 11 16 13 3230 9 12 11 3800 8 11 10 14 10.0 1768 734 1154 2808 9 13 11 3978 7 10 9 4680 7 9 8 16 2.5 574 238 361 964 34 50 42 1366 28 39 34 1607 26 34 31 16 3.0 670 278 424 1114 29 43 36 1578 24 33 29 1856 22 30 26 16 4.0 862 358 551 1413 23 34 28 2001 19 26 23 2354 17 23 21 16 6.0 1245 517 805 2011 16 23 20 2848 13 18 16 3351 12 16 14 16 8.0 1628 676 1059 2609 12 18 15 3695 10 14 12 4348 9 13 11 16 10.0 2012 835 1313 3260 10 15 12 4542 8 11 10 5344 8 10 9

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THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 5 SOIL TYPE: GP & SP

TRENCH TYPE 3 TRENCH TYPE 4 TRENCH TYPE 5

SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 654 271 411 1114 37 54 46 1578 31 42 37 1857 28 37 33 18 3.0 762 316 483 1282 32 47 40 1816 27 37 32 2137 24 32 29 18 4.0 977 406 625 1618 25 37 31 2293 21 29 25 2697 19 26 23 18 6.0 1408 584 911 2290 18 26 22 3245 15 20 18 3817 14 18 16 18 8.0 1839 763 1196 2963 13 20 17 4197 11 16 14 4938 10 14 12 18 10.0 2270 942 1481 3635 11 16 14 5149 9 13 11 6058 8 11 10 20 2.5 733 304 461 1262 40 59 50 1788 34 46 41 2103 31 41 36 20 3.0 852 354 540 1447 35 51 44 2051 29 40 35 2412 27 35 31 20 4.0 1090 482 697 1819 27 40 34 2576 23 32 28 3031 21 28 25 20 6.0 1566 650 1012 2561 19 28 24 3628 16 22 19 4268 15 20 17 20 8.0 2042 847 1328 3303 15 22 18 4679 13 17 15 5505 11 15 13 20 10.0 2518 1045 1643 4045 12 18 15 5731 10 14 12 6472 9 12 11 24 2.5 901 374 566 1585 46 67 58 2245 39 52 46 2641 35 46 42 24 3.0 1043 433 660 1826 40 59 50 2559 34 46 40 3011 31 40 36 24 4.0 1327 551 848 2250 32 47 40 3187 27 37 32 3750 24 32 29 24 6.0 1896 787 1225 3136 23 33 28 443 19 26 23 5227 17 23 20 24 8.0 2464 1022 1601 4023 18 26 22 5699 15 20 18 6705 13 18 16 24 10.0 3033 1258 1978 4910 14 21 18 6955 12 17 14 8183 11 15 13 30 2.5 1162 482 731 2111 54 78 68 2991 45 61 54 3519 41 54 48 30 3.0 1339 556 848 2386 48 69 59 3381 40 54 48 3977 36 47 43 30 4.0 1692 702 1082 2937 38 56 47 4161 32 43 38 4895 29 38 34 30 6.0 2398 995 1549 4038 27 40 34 5721 23 31 27 6730 21 28 25 30 8.0 3104 1288 2017 5139 21 31 26 7280 18 24 21 8565 16 22 19 30 10.0 3809 1581 2484 6240 17 26 22 8840 15 20 17 10400 13 18 16 36 2.5 1447 600 908 2693 62 89 77 3816 52 69 61 4489 47 61 55 36 3.0 1657 688 1048 3022 55 79 68 4282 45 61 54 5037 41 54 48 36 4.0 2079 863 1327 3680 44 64 55 5213 37 50 44 6133 34 44 39 36 6.0 2922 1213 1886 4995 32 47 39 7077 27 36 32 8326 24 32 29 36 8.0 3766 1563 2444 6311 25 37 31 8941 21 29 25 10518 19 25 22 36 10.0 4609 1913 3003 7626 21 30 25 10804 17 24 21 12711 16 21 18 42 2.5 2070 859 4025 74 106 5702 62 82 6708 56 72 42 3.0 1993 827 3714 61 87 5261 50 67 6190 46 59 42 4.0 2483 1030 4479 49 71 6345 41 56 7465 38 49 42 6.0 3464 1437 6009 36 53 8512 30 41 10014 28 36 42 8.0 4445 1844 7539 28 42 10680 24 32 12564 22 29 42 10.0 5426 2251 9068 23 34 12847 20 27 15114 18 24 48 2.5 2070 859 4025 74 106 5702 62 82 6708 56 72 48 3.0 2349 975 4461 66 95 6320 55 74 7435 50 65 48 4.0 2908 1207 5333 55 78 7556 45 61 8889 41 54 48 6.0 4027 1671 7078 40 58 10027 34 45 11796 31 40 48 8.0 5145 2135 8822 32 46 12498 27 36 14703 24 32 48 10.0 6263 2599 10566 26 39 14969 22 30 17611 20 27 54 2.5 2418 1004 4789 80 113 3785 66 87 7982 60 77 54 3.0 2733 1134 5280 71 102 7480 59 79 8800 54 69 54 4.0 3362 1395 6262 59 85 8871 49 66 10436 45 58 54 6.0 4621 1917 8225 44 64 11651 37 50 13708 33 44 54 8.0 5879 2440 10187 35 51 14432 29 40 16979 27 35 54 10.0 7138 2962 12150 29 43 17213 24 33 20251 22 29

16

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 6 SOIL TYPE: GM & SM – SILTY GRAVELS AND SILTY SANDS (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)

SOIL PARAMETERS: SYSTEM DESIGN PARAMETERS: PHI: 30 DEGREES DESIGN PRESSURE: 100 PSI COHESION: 0 PSF BEND ANGLE THETA: 90 GAMMA: 110 PCF SAFETY FACTOR: 1.5 ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50 TRENCH TYPE 3 TYPE 4 TYPE 5 DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC fφ 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 fc 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kn 0.60 0.85 1.00

TRENCH TYPE 3 TRENCH TYPE 4 TRENCH TYPE 5 SIZE

DEPTH Fs

DI Fs

DI/PE Fs

PVC

Rs L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

4 2.5 138 60 88 214 11 16 14 303 9 13 11 356 9 11 10 4 3.0 163 71 105 253 9 14 12 359 8 11 10 422 7 10 9 4 4.0 214 93 138 333 7 10 9 471 6 8 7 554 6 7 7 4 6.0 316 136 206 491 5 7 6 696 4 6 5 818 4 5 5 4 8.0 417 180 273 649 4 5 5 920 3 4 4 1082 3 4 4 4 10.0 519 224 341 808 3 4 4 1144 2 3 3 1346 2 3 3 6 2.5 203 88 129 320 15 23 19 454 13 18 16 534 12 16 14 6 3.0 239 103 154 378 13 19 16 535 11 15 13 630 10 13 12 6 4.0 313 135 202 493 10 15 12 698 8 12 10 821 8 10 9 6 6.0 460 199 300 722 7 10 8 1023 6 8 7 1204 5 7 6 6 8.0 608 262 398 952 5 8 6 1349 4 6 5 1587 4 5 5 6 10.0 755 326 496 1182 4 6 5 1674 4 5 4 1970 3 4 4 8 2.5 267 115 170 427 20 29 25 605 17 23 20 712 15 20 18 8 3.0 315 136 201 501 17 25 21 710 14 20 17 835 13 17 16 8 4.0 410 177 265 650 13 19 16 920 11 15 13 1083 10 13 12 8 6.0 600 259 406 947 9 13 11 1341 8 10 9 1578 7 9 8 8 8.0 791 342 518 1244 7 10 8 1762 6 8 7 2073 5 7 6 8 10.0 981 424 645 1541 6 8 7 2183 5 6 6 2568 4 6 5

10 2.5 336 145 213 546 24 35 30 773 20 27 24 910 18 24 22 10 3.0 395 171 253 638 20 30 25 904 17 23 21 1063 16 21 19 10 4.0 513 222 331 822 16 23 20 1165 13 18 16 1370 12 16 14 10 6.0 750 324 488 1190 11 16 13 1686 9 12 11 1984 8 11 10 10 8.0 986 426 645 1559 8 12 10 2208 7 9 8 2598 6 8 7 10 10.0 1222 528 802 1927 7 10 8 2730 6 8 7 3212 5 7 6 12 2.5 405 175 256 664 28 40 35 941 23 32 28 1107 21 28 25 12 3.0 475 205 303 773 24 35 30 1095 20 27 24 1289 18 24 22 12 4.0 614 265 396 991 18 27 23 1404 16 21 19 1652 14 19 17 12 6.0 894 386 581 1427 13 19 16 2021 11 15 13 2378 10 13 12 12 8.0 1173 507 767 1862 10 14 12 2638 8 11 10 3104 8 10 9 12 10.0 1453 627 953 2298 8 12 10 3255 7 9 8 3830 6 8 7 14 2.5 479 207 303 796 31 46 39 1127 26 36 32 1326 24 32 29 14 3.0 560 242 357 923 27 39 34 1307 23 31 27 1538 21 27 25 14 4.0 723 312 465 1176 21 31 26 1666 18 24 21 1960 16 21 19 14 6.0 1048 453 681 1683 15 21 18 2384 12 17 15 2805 11 15 13 14 8.0 1373 593 897 2190 11 16 14 3102 9 13 11 3650 9 11 10 14 10.0 1699 734 1113 2697 9 13 11 3820 8 10 9 4494 7 9 8 16 2.5 552 238 348 926 35 51 44 1312 30 40 36 1543 27 35 32 16 3.0 644 278 409 1069 30 44 38 1515 25 34 31 1782 23 31 27 16 4.0 828 358 532 1357 24 34 29 1922 20 27 24 2261 18 24 21 16 8.0 1565 676 1021 2505 13 18 16 3549 11 15 13 4175 10 13 11 16 10.0 1933 835 1266 3079 10 15 13 4362 9 12 10 5132 8 10 9

17

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 6 SOIL TYPE: GM & SM


DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 628 271 997 1070 39 56 48 1516 32 44 39 1783 29 39 35 18 3.0 732 316 465 1231 33 48 41 1744 28 38 33 2052 25 33 30 18 4.0 939 406 603 1554 26 38 32 2201 22 30 26 2590 20 26 24 18 6.0 1353 584 878 2199 18 27 23 3116 15 21 18 3666 14 19 17 18 8.0 1767 763 1154 2845 14 20 17 4030 12 16 14 4742 11 14 13 18 10.0 2181 942 1429 3490 11 17 14 4945 10 13 11 5817 9 12 10 20 2.5 704 304 444 1212 42 60 52 1717 35 47 42 2020 32 42 38 20 3.0 819 354 520 1390 36 52 45 1969 30 41 37 2317 28 36 33 20 4.0 1047 452 672 1746 29 41 36 2474 24 33 29 2911 22 29 26 20 6.0 1505 650 977 2459 20 29 25 3484 17 23 20 4099 15 20 18 20 8.0 1962 847 1281 3172 15 23 19 4494 13 18 16 5287 12 16 14 20 10.0 2419 1045 1585 3885 13 18 16 5503 11 14 13 6475 10 13 11 24 2.5 866 374 546 1522 48 69 60 2156 40 54 48 2536 37 48 43 24 3.0 1002 433 637 1735 42 60 52 2458 35 47 42 2891 32 42 38 24 4.0 1275 551 818 2160 33 48 41 3061 28 38 33 3601 25 33 30 24 6.0 1822 787 1181 3012 24 34 29 4267 20 27 24 5020 18 24 21 24 8.0 2368 1022 1544 3863 18 27 23 5473 15 21 18 6439 14 18 16 24 10.0 2914 1258 1908 4715 15 22 18 6679 13 17 15 7858 11 15 13 30 2.5 1117 482 705 2027 57 81 70 2872 47 63 56 3379 43 56 50 30 3.0 1286 556 818 2292 50 71 61 3247 41 55 49 3820 38 49 44 30 4.0 1626 702 1043 2820 40 57 49 3996 33 45 40 4701 30 40 36 30 6.0 2304 995 1494 3878 28 41 35 5493 24 32 28 6463 22 29 26 30 8.0 2982 1288 1945 4935 22 32 27 6991 19 25 22 8225 17 22 20 30 10.0 3660 1581 2396 5992 18 26 22 8489 15 21 18 9987 14 18 16 36 2.5 1390 600 876 2586 64 91 80 3664 54 71 64 4311 49 63 57 36 3.0 1593 688 1011 2902 57 81 70 4112 47 63 56 4837 43 56 50 36 4.0 1998 863 1280 3534 46 66 57 5006 38 51 46 5890 35 45 41 36 6.0 2808 1213 1819 4797 33 48 41 6796 28 37 33 7995 25 33 30 36 8.0 3618 1563 2358 6060 26 38 32 8586 22 30 26 10101 20 26 23 36 10.0 4429 1913 2897 7324 21 31 26 10375 18 24 21 12206 16 22 19 42 2.5 42 3.0 42 4.0 42 6.0 42 8.0 42 10.0 48 2.5 48 3.0 48 4.0 48 6.0 48 8.0 48 10.0 54 2.5 54 3.0 54 4.0 54 6.0 54 8.0 54 10.0

18

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 7 SOIL TYPE: GC & SC – CLAYEY GRAVELS AND CLAYEY SANDS (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)

SOIL PARAMETERS: SYSTEM DESIGN PARAMETERS: PHI: 25 DEGREES DESIGN PRESSURE: 100 PSI COHESION: 225 PSF BEND ANGLE THETA: 90 DEGREES GAMMA: 100 PCF SAFETY FACTOR: 1.5 ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50 TRENCH TYPE 3 TYPE 4 TYPE 5 DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC fφ 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 fc 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.20 Kn 0.60 0.85 1.00


DEPTH Fs

DI Fs

DI/PE Fs

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC 4 2.5 159 55 84 329 8 12 11 466 7 9 9 549 6 8 8 4 3.0 177 65 95 359 8 11 10 508 6 9 8 598 6 7 7 4 4.0 215 85 116 418 6 9 8 592 5 7 7 696 5 6 6 4 6.0 289 124 159 536 5 7 6 760 4 5 5 894 4 5 4 4 8.0 364 164 202 654 4 6 5 927 3 4 4 1091 3 4 4 4 10.0 438 204 245 773 3 5 4 1095 3 4 3 1288 3 3 3 6 2.5 232 80 123 485 12 17 15 687 10 13 12 808 9 12 11 6 3.0 259 95 139 528 11 16 14 748 9 12 11 880 8 10 10 6 4.0 313 124 170 614 9 13 12 869 7 10 9 1023 7 9 8 6 6.0 421 182 232 785 7 10 9 1112 6 8 7 1309 5 7 6 6 8.0 530 239 294 957 6 8 7 1355 5 6 6 1594 4 5 5 6 10.0 638 297 356 1128 5 7 6 1598 4 5 5 1880 4 5 4 8 2.5 304 106 161 637 16 23 20 902 13 17 16 1061 12 15 14 8 3.0 339 125 181 692 14 21 18 980 12 16 14 1153 11 14 13 8 4.0 409 162 222 803 12 17 15 1138 10 13 12 1338 9 12 11 8 6.0 549 237 302 1025 9 13 12 1452 8 10 9 1708 7 9 8 8 8.0 689 312 382 1246 7 10 10 1766 6 8 8 2077 6 7 7 8 10.0 829 386 463 1468 6 9 8 2080 5 7 6 2447 5 6 6

10 2.5 381 134 202 802 19 27 24 1136 15 21 19 1336 14 18 17 10 3.0 425 157 227 871 17 25 22 1233 14 19 17 1451 13 16 15 10 4.0 512 203 277 1008 14 21 19 1428 12 16 15 1680 11 14 13 10 6.0 685 296 377 1283 11 15 14 1818 9 12 11 2138 8 11 10 10 8.0 858 389 476 1558 9 12 12 2207 7 10 9 2597 7 9 8 10 10.0 1032 481 576 1833 7 10 10 2597 6 8 8 3055 6 7 7 12 2.5 457 161 242 962 22 32 28 1363 18 24 22 1604 16 21 20 12 3.0 508 188 271 1043 20 29 26 1478 16 22 20 1739 15 19 18 12 4.0 611 243 330 1206 17 24 22 1709 14 19 17 2010 13 16 15 12 6.0 816 353 448 1531 13 18 17 2169 11 14 13 2552 10 13 12 12 8.0 1021 463 566 1857 11 15 14 2630 9 12 11 3094 8 10 10 12 10.0 1226 572 684 2182 9 12 12 3091 7 10 9 3636 7 9 8 14 2.5 538 191 285 1137 25 36 32 1610 21 28 25 1894 19 24 22 14 3.0 598 223 319 1231 23 33 30 1744 19 25 23 2052 17 22 21 14 4.0 717 287 387 1421 19 28 25 2012 16 21 20 2368 15 19 18 14 6.0 956 414 525 1799 15 21 19 2549 12 16 15 2998 11 14 14 14 8.0 1195 542 662 2177 12 17 16 3085 10 13 13 3629 9 12 11 14 10.0 1433 670 799 2556 10 14 13 3621 9 11 11 4260 8 10 9 16 2.5 617 220 326 1306 28 41 36 1850 23 31 29 2176 21 27 25 16 3.0 684 256 365 1413 26 37 33 2002 21 28 26 2355 19 25 23 16 4.0 820 329 443 1627 22 31 28 2305 18 24 22 2712 16 21 20 16 6.0 1090 473 598 2056 17 24 22 2913 14 18 17 3427 13 16 15 16 8.0 1360 618 753 2485 14 19 18 3520 11 15 14 4141 10 13 13 16 10.0 1361 762 909 2914 12 16 15 4128 10 13 12 4856 9 11 11

19

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 7 SOIL TYPE: GC & SC


SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 700 251 370 1490 31 45 40 2110 26 34 31 2483 23 30 28 18 3.0 776 292 414 1610 28 41 37 2281 23 21 29 2684 21 27 26 18 4.0 928 373 501 1851 24 34 31 2622 20 27 25 3085 18 23 22 18 6.0 1232 536 676 2333 19 26 24 3305 16 20 19 3888 14 18 17 18 8.0 1536 698 851 2815 15 21 20 3988 13 17 16 4692 12 15 14 18 10.0 1840 861 1025 3297 13 18 17 4671 11 14 13 5495 10 12 12 20 2.5 781 282 413 1668 34 49 44 2362 28 38 34 2779 25 33 30 20 3.0 865 327 462 1801 31 45 40 2551 26 34 32 3001 23 30 28 20 4.0 1033 416 558 2067 27 38 35 2928 22 29 27 3445 20 26 24 20 6.0 1369 596 751 2599 21 29 27 3682 17 23 21 4332 16 20 19 20 8.0 1705 775 944 3131 17 23 22 4436 14 18 17 5219 13 16 15 20 10.0 2040 955 1137 3663 14 20 19 5190 12 15 15 6106 11 14 13 24 2.5 953 347 504 2047 40 57 51 2907 33 44 40 3412 29 38 35 24 3.0 1053 401 562 2206 36 52 47 3126 30 40 37 3677 27 35 33 24 4.0 1254 508 677 2524 31 44 40 3576 26 34 32 4207 23 30 28 24 6.0 1655 722 907 3160 24 34 32 4477 20 26 25 5267 18 23 22 24 8.0 2056 937 1138 3796 20 28 26 5377 17 22 20 6326 15 19 18 24 10.0 2457 1151 1368 4431 17 23 22 6278 14 18 17 7386 13 16 15 30 2.5 1217 449 645 2645 47 68 61 3748 39 52 48 4409 35 45 42 30 3.0 1342 516 717 2843 44 62 56 4027 36 48 44 4738 33 42 39 30 4.0 1591 649 860 3237 38 53 49 4586 31 41 38 5396 28 36 34 30 6.0 2541 1117 1393 4934 35 48 45 6989 29 37 35 8223 26 33 31 30 8.0 2587 1181 1432 4816 24 34 31 6823 20 26 25 8027 18 23 22 30 10.0 3085 1448 1718 5606 20 28 27 7941 17 22 21 9343 16 20 19 36 2.5 1499 560 794 3283 55 78 71 4651 45 60 55 5472 41 52 49 36 3.0 1648 640 880 3519 51 72 65 4985 42 55 51 5865 38 48 45 36 4.0 1945 799 1051 3991 44 62 57 5653 36 48 45 6651 33 42 39 36 6.0 2541 1117 1393 4934 35 48 45 6989 29 37 35 8223 26 33 31 36 8.0 3136 1435 1735 5877 28 40 37 8326 24 31 29 9795 22 27 26 36 10.0 3731 1754 2076 6820 24 33 31 9662 20 26 25 11367 18 23 22 42 2.5 1794 679 3961 62 88 5611 51 67 6602 46 59 42 3.0 1967 771 4235 57 81 6000 47 62 7059 42 54 42 4.0 2313 956 4784 50 70 6777 41 54 7973 37 47 42 6.0 3005 1326 5881 39 55 8331 33 42 9801 30 37 42 8.0 3697 1696 6977 32 45 9885 27 35 11629 25 31 42 10.0 4389 2066 8074 28 38 11439 23 30 13457 21 27 48 2.5 2106 806 4679 68 97 6628 56 74 7798 51 65 48 3.0 2303 912 4991 63 89 7071 52 68 8319 47 60 48 4.0 2697 1122 5617 55 77 7957 46 60 9361 41 52 48 6.0 3486 1544 6867 44 61 9729 36 47 11446 33 42 48 8.0 4275 1966 8118 36 50 11501 30 39 13530 28 35 48 10.0 5064 2388 9369 31 43 13272 26 34 15615 24 30 54 2.5 2439 944 5451 74 105 7723 61 80 9086 55 70 54 3.0 2661 1063 5803 69 97 8221 57 74 9672 51 65 54 4.0 3105 1300 6507 60 84 9218 50 65 10845 45 57 54 6.0 3993 1775 7914 48 37 11212 40 52 13191 36 46 54 8.0 4880 2250 9322 40 56 13206 33 43 15536 30 38 54 10.0 5768 2724 10729 35 47 15200 29 37 17882 26 33

20

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 8 SOIL TYPE: CL – INORGANIC CLAYS OF MEDIUM TO LOW PLASTICITY – IN PREDOMINATELY DRY SOIL ABOVE THE WATER TABLE (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)

SOIL PARAMETERS: SYSTEM DESIGN PARAMETERS: PHI: 20 DEGREES DESIGN PRESSURE: 100 PSI COHESION: 250 PSF BEND ANGLE THETA: 90 DEGREES GAMMA: 100 PCF SAFETY FACTOR: 1.5 ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50 TRENCH TYPE 3 TYPE 4 TYPE 5 DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC fφ 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 fc 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 Kn 0.60 0.85 1.00


DEPTH Fs

DI Fs

DI/PE Fs

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC 4 2.5 158 55 84 304 9 13 12 430 7 10 9 506 7 9 8 4 3.0 173 65 91 328 8 12 11 465 7 9 8 547 6 8 7 4 4.0 202 85 105 377 7 10 9 534 6 8 7 628 5 7 6 4 6.0 260 124 133 475 5 8 7 673 5 6 6 791 4 5 5 4 8.0 318 164 161 573 4 6 6 811 4 5 5 955 3 4 4 4 10.0 377 204 190 671 4 5 5 950 3 4 4 1118 3 4 4 6 2.5 231 80 122 447 12 18 16 633 10 14 13 744 9 12 11 6 3.0 252 95 133 482 11 17 15 683 9 13 12 803 9 11 10 6 4.0 294 124 153 553 10 14 13 783 8 11 10 922 7 10 9 6 6.0 379 182 194 695 8 11 10 985 6 8 8 1158 6 7 7 6 8.0 463 239 235 837 6 9 9 1186 5 7 7 1395 5 6 6 6 10.0 548 297 276 979 5 7 7 1387 5 6 6 1631 4 5 5 8 2.5 302 106 160 585 16 24 21 829 13 19 17 975 12 16 15 8 3.0 329 125 173 631 15 22 20 894 12 17 16 1052 11 15 14 8 4.0 384 162 199 723 13 18 17 1024 11 14 14 1205 10 13 12 8 6.0 493 237 252 906 10 14 14 1284 9 11 11 1511 8 10 10 8 8.0 602 312 305 1090 8 11 11 1544 7 9 9 1817 6 8 8 8 10.0 711 386 358 1274 7 9 10 1804 6 7 8 2123 5 7 7

10 2.5 378 134 199 736 19 29 26 1043 16 22 20 1227 15 19 18 10 3.0 412 157 216 793 18 26 24 1123 15 20 19 1321 14 18 17 10 4.0 479 203 249 907 16 22 21 1284 13 17 16 1511 12 15 14 10 6.0 615 296 314 1134 12 17 16 1607 10 13 13 1890 9 12 12 10 8.0 750 389 380 1362 10 14 14 1929 8 11 11 2270 8 10 10 10 10.0 885 481 445 1589 9 11 12 2252 7 9 9 2649 7 8 8 12 2.5 451 161 238 882 23 34 30 1249 19 26 24 1470 17 23 21 12 3.0 491 188 257 949 21 31 28 1345 18 24 22 1582 16 21 20 12 4.0 571 243 296 1084 18 26 25 1535 15 20 19 1806 14 18 17 12 6.0 731 353 373 1353 15 20 20 1917 12 16 15 2255 11 14 14 12 8.0 892 463 451 1622 12 16 16 2298 10 13 13 2704 9 11 11 12 10.0 1052 572 529 1891 10 14 14 2680 9 11 11 3152 8 10 10 14 2.5 530 191 278 1040 26 39 35 1474 22 30 27 1734 20 26 24 14 3.0 577 223 301 1119 24 35 32 1585 20 27 25 1864 18 24 22 14 4.0 670 287 346 1275 21 30 28 1807 18 23 22 2125 16 20 20 14 6.0 856 414 436 1589 17 23 22 2250 14 18 18 2648 13 16 16 14 8.0 1043 542 527 1902 14 18 19 2694 12 15 15 3170 10 13 13 14 10.0 1229 670 617 2215 12 16 16 3138 10 12 13 3692 9 11 11 16 2.5 606 220 318 1194 30 44 39 1691 25 33 31 1989 22 29 27 16 3.0 659 256 343 1282 27 40 36 1816 23 31 28 2137 21 27 25 16 4.0 764 329 395 1460 24 34 32 2068 20 26 25 2433 18 23 22 16 6.0 976 473 497 1815 19 26 25 2571 16 20 20 3024 14 18 18 16 8.0 1187 618 599 2169 16 21 21 3073 13 17 17 3616 12 15 15 16 10.0 1398 762 701 2524 13 18 18 3576 11 14 14 4207 10 12 13

21

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 8 SOIL TYPE: CL – PREDOMINATELY DRY SOIL


SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 687 251 360 1360 33 48 43 1926 27 37 34 2266 25 32 30 18 3.0 746 292 389 1459 30 44 40 2067 25 34 31 2432 23 30 28 18 4.0 865 373 446 1659 26 37 35 2350 22 29 28 2765 20 26 25 18 6.0 1102 536 561 2058 21 29 28 2915 18 22 22 3430 16 20 20 18 8.0 1339 698 676 2457 17 23 24 3480 15 18 19 4095 13 16 16 18 10.0 1576 861 791 2856 15 20 20 4046 12 16 16 4759 11 14 14 20 2.5 765 282 400 1520 36 53 47 2154 30 40 37 2534 24 35 33 20 3.0 830 327 432 1630 33 48 44 2310 28 37 35 2717 25 33 31 20 4.0 961 416 496 1851 29 41 39 2622 24 32 30 3084 22 28 27 20 6.0 1223 596 623 2291 23 32 31 3246 19 25 24 3819 18 22 22 20 8.0 1485 775 749 2732 19 26 26 3870 16 20 20 4553 15 18 18 20 10.0 1747 955 876 3172 16 22 22 4494 14 17 18 5287 13 15 16 24 2.5 929 347 485 1862 42 61 55 2638 35 47 43 3103 32 41 39 24 3.0 1007 401 523 1993 39 56 52 2824 32 42 41 3322 29 38 36 24 4.0 1164 508 599 2256 34 48 45 3197 28 37 36 3761 26 33 32 24 6.0 1477 722 750 2783 27 37 37 3942 23 29 29 4638 21 26 26 24 8.0 1790 937 902 3309 23 30 31 4688 19 24 24 5515 17 21 21 24 10.0 2103 1151 1054 3835 20 26 26 5433 16 20 21 6392 15 18 18 30 2.5 1180 449 615 2397 51 73 67 3396 42 56 52 3995 38 49 46 30 3.0 1277 516 662 2560 47 67 62 3627 39 52 49 4267 35 46 43 30 4.0 1471 649 756 2887 41 58 55 4090 34 45 43 4812 31 39 38 30 6.0 1860 915 944 3541 33 45 44 5016 28 35 35 5901 25 31 31 30 8.0 2249 1181 1133 4194 28 37 37 5942 23 29 29 6990 1 26 26 30 10.0 2637 1448 1321 4848 24 31 32 6867 50 25 25 8079 18 22 23 36 2.5 1445 560 750 2965 59 85 77 4201 49 65 61 4942 44 57 54 36 3.0 1561 640 806 3161 55 78 72 4477 45 60 57 5268 41 53 50 36 4.0 1793 799 919 3551 48 67 64 5030 40 52 50 5918 36 46 45 36 6.0 2257 1117 1144 4332 39 53 52 6137 32 41 41 7219 29 37 36 36 8.0 2722 1435 1369 5112 33 43 44 7243 27 34 35 8521 25 30 31 36 10.0 3186 1754 1594 5893 28 37 38 8349 23 29 30 9822 21 26 27 42 2.5 1720 679 3567 67 95 5053 55 73 5945 50 64 42 3.0 1855 771 3794 62 87 5375 51 67 6323 47 59 42 4.0 2125 956 4248 55 76 6018 45 59 7080 41 52 42 6.0 2665 1326 5156 44 60 7304 37 47 8593 34 41 42 8.0 3205 1696 6064 37 49 8590 31 39 10106 28 35 42 10.0 3745 2066 6972 32 42 9877 27 33 11620 24 30 48 2.5 2007 806 4201 74 105 5952 61 80 7002 55 71 48 3.0 2161 912 4460 69 97 6318 57 75 7434 52 66 48 4.0 2469 1122 4978 61 84 7052 51 65 8296 46 58 48 6.0 3085 1544 6013 50 67 8519 41 52 10022 38 46 48 8.0 3701 1966 7048 42 55 9985 35 44 11747 32 39 48 10.0 4317 2388 8084 36 47 11452 30 37 13473 28 33 54 2.5 2313 944 4882 81 113 6916 67 87 8137 60 77 54 3.0 2486 1063 5173 76 105 7329 62 81 8622 57 71 54 4.0 2833 1300 5756 67 92 8154 56 71 9593 50 63 54 6.0 3526 1775 6921 55 73 9805 46 58 11535 41 51 54 8.0 4219 2250 8086 46 61 11455 39 48 13476 35 43 54 10.0 4912 2724 9251 40 52 13105 34 41 15418 30 37

22

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 9 SOIL TYPE: ML – INORGANIC SILTS, VERY FINE SANDS, ROCK FLOUR, SILTY OR CLAYEY FINE SANDS – PREDOMINATELY DRY SOIL ABOVE THE WATER TABLE (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)

SOIL PARAMETERS: SYSTEM DESIGN PARAMETERS: PHI: 29 DEGREES DESIGN PRESSURE: 100 PSI COHESION: 0 PSF BEND ANGLE THETA: 90 DEGREES GAMMA: 100 PCF SAFETY FACTOR: 1.5 ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50 TRENCH TYPE 3 TYPE 4 TYPE 5 DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC fφ 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 fc 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kn 0.60 0.85 1.00


DEPTH Fs

DI Fs

DI/PE Fs

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC 4 2.5 121 55 65 187 13 18 17 265 11 15 14 311 10 13 12 4 3.0 144 65 78 221 11 15 14 314 9 12 12 369 8 11 10 4 4.0 188 85 103 291 8 12 11 412 7 9 9 484 6 8 8 4 6.0 277 124 153 429 6 8 7 608 5 6 6 715 4 6 5 4 8.0 365 164 203 567 4 6 6 804 4 5 4 945 3 4 4 4 10.0 454 204 253 706 3 5 4 999 3 4 4 1176 3 3 3 6 2.5 178 80 96 280 18 25 24 396 15 20 19 466 14 18 17 6 3.0 211 95 114 220 15 22 20 467 13 17 16 550 12 15 14 6 4.0 275 124 151 430 11 17 15 610 10 13 12 717 9 12 11 6 6.0 404 182 223 631 8 11 10 894 7 9 8 1051 6 8 7 6 8.0 532 239 296 831 6 9 8 1178 5 7 6 1386 5 6 6 6 10.0 661 297 369 1032 5 7 6 1462 4 5 5 1720 4 5 5 8 2.5 236 106 127 373 23 33 31 528 19 26 25 621 18 23 22 8 3.0 277 125 150 438 19 28 26 620 16 22 21 730 15 20 19 8 4.0 360 162 197 567 15 22 20 804 13 17 16 946 12 15 14 8 6.0 527 237 291 827 10 15 14 1171 9 12 11 1378 8 10 10 8 8.0 693 312 385 1086 8 11 10 1539 7 9 8 1810 6 8 7 8 10.0 859 386 479 1346 6 9 8 1906 5 7 7 2243 5 6 6

10 2.5 297 134 160 477 27 39 36 676 23 31 29 795 21 27 26 10 3.0 349 157 189 557 23 33 31 789 20 26 25 929 18 23 22 10 4.0 452 203 247 718 18 26 24 1017 15 20 19 1197 14 18 17 10 6.0 658 296 364 1040 12 18 16 1473 10 14 13 1733 10 12 12 10 8.0 864 389 480 1361 9 14 13 1929 8 11 10 2269 7 10 9 10 10.0 1070 481 597 1683 8 11 10 2384 6 9 8 2805 6 8 7 12 2.5 358 161 192 580 32 46 43 822 27 36 34 967 24 32 30 12 3.0 419 188 226 675 27 39 36 957 23 31 29 1125 21 27 26 12 4.0 541 243 295 865 21 30 28 1226 18 24 23 1442 16 21 20 12 6.0 785 353 433 1246 15 21 19 1765 12 17 16 2077 11 15 14 12 8.0 1029 463 571 1626 11 16 15 2304 9 13 12 2711 9 11 11 12 10.0 1273 572 709 2007 9 13 12 2843 8 10 10 3345 7 9 9 14 2.5 425 191 227 695 36 51 48 985 30 40 38 1158 27 36 34 14 3.0 496 223 267 806 31 44 41 1141 26 35 33 1343 24 31 29 14 4.0 637 287 347 1027 24 34 32 1455 20 27 26 1712 18 24 23 14 6.0 921 414 508 1470 17 24 22 2082 14 19 18 2450 13 17 16 14 8.0 1205 542 668 1912 13 18 17 2709 11 15 14 3187 10 13 12 14 10.0 1489 670 829 2355 10 15 14 3336 09 12 11 3925 8 10 10 16 2.5 489 220 261 809 40 57 54 1146 34 45 43 1348 31 40 38 16 3.0 570 256 307 934 34 49 46 4323 29 39 37 1557 26 34 33 16 4.0 731 329 398 1185 27 39 36 1678 23 31 29 1975 21 27 26 16 6.0 1052 473 579 1686 19 27 25 2389 16 21 20 2810 15 19 18 16 8.0 1374 618 761 2188 14 21 19 3099 12 16 15 3646 11 15 14 16 10.0 1695 762 943 2689 12 17 16 3810 10 13 13 4482 9 12 11

23

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 9 SOIL TYPE: ML – PREDOMINATELY DRY SOILS


SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 558 251 298 934 44 62 59 1324 37 49 47 1557 34 44 42 18 3.0 649 292 349 1075 38 54 51 1523 32 43 40 1792 29 38 36 18 4.0 829 373 452 1357 30 43 40 1923 25 34 32 2262 23 30 28 18 6.0 1191 536 656 1921 21 30 28 2721 18 24 22 3202 16 21 20 18 8.0 1552 698 860 2485 16 23 21 3520 14 18 17 4141 12 16 15 18 10.0 1913 861 1065 3048 13 19 17 4319 11 15 14 5081 10 13 12 20 2.5 626 282 335 1058 48 68 64 1499 40 53 51 1764 36 47 45 20 3.0 726 327 391 1214 41 59 55 1720 35 46 44 2023 32 41 39 20 4.0 926 416 504 1525 33 47 43 2161 27 37 35 2542 25 33 31 20 6.0 1325 596 730 2148 23 33 30 3043 19 26 24 3580 18 23 22 20 8.0 1724 775 955 2770 18 25 23 3925 15 20 19 4617 14 18 17 20 10.0 2123 955 1181 3393 14 21 19 4806 12 16 15 5655 11 15 14 24 2.5 772 347 412 1329 55 78 73 1883 46 61 58 2215 42 54 52 24 3.0 891 401 479 1515 48 68 63 2146 40 53 51 2525 36 47 45 24 4.0 1129 508 614 1887 38 54 50 2673 32 43 40 3145 29 38 36 24 6.0 1606 722 884 2630 27 38 36 3726 23 30 29 4384 21 27 25 24 8.0 2083 937 1153 3374 21 30 28 4780 18 24 22 5623 16 21 20 24 10.0 2559 1151 1423 4118 17 24 23 5833 14 19 18 6863 13 17 16 30 2.5 998 449 534 1771 64 90 85 2508 54 71 67 2951 49 63 60 30 3.0 1146 516 618 2001 56 80 75 2835 47 62 59 3336 43 55 53 30 4.0 1442 649 785 2463 45 64 60 3490 38 50 48 4105 35 45 43 30 6.0 2034 915 1120 3387 32 46 43 4798 27 36 34 5644 25 32 31 30 8.0 2626 1181 1454 4310 25 36 33 6106 21 28 27 7183 19 25 24 30 10.0 3218 1448 1789 5233 21 30 27 7414 17 23 22 8722 16 21 20 36 2.5 1246 560 665 2259 73 102 96 3200 61 80 76 3765 55 71 68 36 3.0 1423 640 765 2535 64 91 85 3591 54 71 67 4225 49 63 60 36 4.0 1777 799 965 3086 52 74 69 4372 44 58 55 5144 40 51 49 36 6.0 2484 1117 1365 4190 38 54 50 5935 32 42 40 6983 29 37 36 36 8.0 3191 1435 1765 5293 30 42 39 7498 25 33 31 8821 23 30 28 36 10.0 3898 1754 2165 6396 24 35 32 9061 21 28 26 10660 19 24 23 42 2.5 1509 679 2794 80 112 3958 67 88 4657 61 78 42 3.0 1715 771 3115 71 100 4413 59 78 5191 54 69 42 4.0 2126 956 3756 58 82 5321 49 64 6260 44 57 42 6.0 2949 1326 5039 43 61 7139 36 48 8399 33 42 42 8.0 3772 1696 6322 34 48 8957 28 38 10537 26 33 42 10.0 4594 2066 7606 28 40 10775 23 31 12676 21 28 48 2.5 1792 806 3376 87 122 4782 73 95 5626 66 84 48 3.0 2027 912 3741 78 109 5300 65 85 6236 59 75 48 4.0 2495 1122 4473 64 91 6337 54 71 7455 49 63 48 6.0 3433 1544 5936 47 67 8409 40 53 9893 36 47 48 8.0 4371 1966 7399 38 54 10482 32 42 12331 29 37 48 10.0 5309 2388 8862 31 45 12554 26 35 14770 24 31 54 2.5 2209 944 4017 94 130 5690 78 101 6695 71 90 54 3.0 2363 1063 4429 84 117 6274 70 91 7381 63 81 54 4.0 2891 1300 5251 70 98 7440 58 77 8752 53 68 54 6.0 3946 1775 6898 52 74 9772 43 58 11496 40 51 54 8.0 5002 2250 8544 41 59 12104 35 46 14240 32 41 54 10.0 6057 2724 10190 34 49 14436 29 39 16984 26 34

24

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 10 SOIL TYPE: CL – INORGANIC CLAYS OF LOW TO MEDIUM PLASTICITY, BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (GP or SP) NEAR SATURATION CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW THE PLASTIC LIMIT (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)



DEPTH Fs

DI Fs

DI/PE Fs

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC 4 2.5 132 55 83 281 10 14 12 398 8 11 10 468 7 9 9 4 3.0 156 65 99 293 9 13 11 415 7 10 9 488 7 9 8 4 4.0 204 85 131 317 7 11 9 449 6 9 8 528 6 8 7 4 6.0 300 124 194 365 6 9 7 517 5 7 6 608 4 6 5 4 8.0 396 164 258 413 5 7 6 585 4 6 5 688 4 5 5 4 10.0 492 204 322 461 4 6 5 653 3 5 4 768 3 5 4 6 2.5 193 80 122 410 14 20 17 581 12 15 14 684 10 13 12 6 3.0 228 95 145 428 13 18 16 606 11 14 13 713 10 12 11 6 4.0 298 124 191 462 11 16 13 655 9 12 11 771 8 11 10 6 6.0 437 182 284 532 8 13 10 754 7 10 8 887 6 9 8 6 8.0 577 239 376 602 6 10 8 852 6 8 7 1003 5 8 6 6 10.0 716 297 468 671 5 9 7 951 5 7 6 1119 4 7 5 8 2.5 255 106 161 534 18 26 23 757 15 20 18 891 14 18 16 8 3.0 300 125 191 557 17 24 21 789 14 19 16 928 13 16 15 8 4.0 391 162 250 602 14 21 17 853 12 16 14 1003 11 15 13 8 6.0 571 237 370 692 11 17 13 980 9 13 11 1153 8 12 10 8 8.0 751 312 489 782 8 14 11 1108 7 11 9 1303 7 10 8 8 10.0 931 386 609 872 7 12 9 1235 6 10 8 1453 6 9 7

10 2.5 322 134 203 668 22 31 27 946 18 24 21 1113 17 21 19 10 3.0 378 157 240 696 20 29 25 985 17 22 20 1159 15 20 18 10 4.0 490 203 314 751 17 25 21 1064 14 20 17 1252 13 18 15 10 6.0 713 296 462 863 13 20 16 1223 11 16 14 1438 10 14 12 10 8.0 937 389 610 975 10 17 13 1381 9 13 11 1624 8 12 10 10 10.0 1160 481 758 1096 9 14 11 1539 8 12 10 1810 7 10 9 12 2.5 388 161 244 795 26 37 32 1127 22 28 25 1326 20 25 23 12 3.0 454 188 288 828 24 34 29 1173 20 26 23 1381 18 23 21 12 4.0 586 243 375 894 20 30 25 1267 17 23 20 1491 15 21 18 12 6.0 851 353 550 1026 15 24 19 1454 13 19 16 1711 12 17 15 12 8.0 1115 463 725 1158 12 20 16 1641 11 16 13 1931 10 14 12 12 10.0 1380 572 900 1290 10 17 13 1828 9 14 11 2151 8 12 10 14 2.5 460 191 288 932 30 42 37 1321 25 32 29 1554 22 28 26 14 3.0 537 223 339 971 27 39 33 1375 23 30 27 1618 20 27 24 14 4.0 691 287 441 1048 23 34 29 1484 19 27 23 1746 18 24 21 14 6.0 999 414 645 1201 17 27 22 1702 15 22 18 2002 14 19 17 14 8.0 1306 542 849 1355 14 23 18 1919 12 18 15 2258 11 17 14 14 10.0 1614 670 1052 1508 12 19 15 2137 10 16 13 2514 10 14 12 16 2.5 531 220 332 1064 34 47 41 1507 28 37 33 1773 25 32 29 16 3.0 618 256 390 1107 30 44 38 1568 25 34 30 1845 23 30 27 16 4.0 792 329 505 1194 26 39 32 1692 22 30 26 1990 20 27 24 16 6.0 1140 473 736 1368 20 31 25 1938 17 25 21 2280 16 22 19 16 8.0 1489 618 967 1542 16 26 21 2185 14 21 17 2570 13 19 16 16 10.0 1837 762 1197 1716 13 22 17 2431 12 18 15 2860 11 16 14

25

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 10 SOIL TYPE: CL – NEAR SATURATION – BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIAL


SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 605 251 379 1204 37 53 46 1706 31 41 36 2007 28 36 32 18 3.0 703 292 444 1253 34 49 42 1776 28 38 34 2089 26 34 30 18 4.0 899 373 573 1351 28 43 36 1914 24 34 29 2252 22 30 26 18 6.0 1291 536 833 1547 22 34 28 2191 19 27 23 2578 17 25 21 18 8.0 1682 698 1092 1742 18 29 23 2468 15 23 19 2904 14 21 18 18 10.0 2074 861 1352 1938 15 24 19 2745 13 20 16 3230 12 18 15 20 2.5 679 282 425 1339 41 58 50 1897 34 45 40 2232 31 39 36 20 3.0 787 327 497 1393 37 54 46 1974 31 42 37 2322 28 37 33 20 4.0 1003 416 640 1501 31 47 40 2127 27 37 32 2502 24 33 29 20 6.0 1436 596 926 1717 24 38 31 2433 21 30 26 2862 19 27 23 20 8.0 1869 775 1213 1933 19 32 25 2739 17 26 21 3222 16 23 19 20 10.0 2774 1151 1806 2590 19 32 25 3669 17 26 22 4316 16 24 20 24 2.5 836 347 523 1622 48 68 59 2298 39 52 47 2704 36 46 42 24 3.0 966 401 609 1687 43 63 54 2389 36 49 43 2811 33 43 39 24 4.0 1224 508 780 1816 37 55 46 2572 31 44 38 3026 29 39 34 24 6.0 1741 722 1122 2074 28 45 36 2938 24 36 30 3456 23 32 28 24 8.0 2257 937 1464 2332 23 37 30 3303 20 30 25 3886 19 27 23 24 10.0 2774 1151 1806 2590 19 32 25 3669 17 26 22 4316 16 24 20 30 2.5 1082 449 678 2056 57 82 71 2913 48 63 57 3427 43 56 50 30 3.0 1243 516 784 2136 52 76 65 3026 44 59 53 3560 40 53 47 30 4.0 1563 649 997 2296 44 67 56 3253 38 53 46 3827 35 47 41 30 6.0 2205 915 1422 2617 34 54 44 3707 30 44 37 4361 28 39 33 30 8.0 2847 1181 1847 2937 28 46 36 4161 24 37 31 4895 23 33 28 30 10.0 3489 1448 2272 3258 24 39 31 4615 21 32 26 5429 19 29 24 36 2.5 1351 560 845 2506 66 95 82 3551 55 74 66 4177 50 65 59 36 3.0 1542 640 972 2602 61 89 76 3686 51 70 61 4337 47 62 55 36 4.0 1926 799 1226 2793 52 79 66 3957 44 62 54 4656 41 55 49 36 6.0 2692 1117 1733 3176 40 64 52 4500 35 51 43 5294 32 46 39 36 8.0 3459 1435 2241 3559 33 54 43 5042 29 44 36 5932 27 39 33 36 10.0 4226 1754 2749 3942 28 46 37 5584 25 38 31 6570 23 34 29 42 2.5 1636 679 2973 75 108 4211 62 84 4955 57 74 42 3.0 1859 771 3084 69 101 4369 58 79 5140 53 70 42 4.0 2305 956 3307 59 89 4685 50 71 5511 46 63 42 6.0 3197 1326 3752 46 73 5315 40 59 6253 37 52 42 8.0 4088 1696 4197 38 61 5946 33 50 6995 31 45 42 10.0 4980 2066 4642 32 53 6577 28 44 7737 26 39 48 2.5 1943 806 3455 83 120 4895 69 93 5759 63 82 48 3.0 2197 912 3582 76 112 5075 64 88 5971 59 78 48 4.0 2705 1122 3836 66 100 5435 56 79 6394 52 70 48 6.0 3722 1544 4344 52 82 6154 45 66 7240 41 59 48 8.0 4738 1966 4851 43 69 6873 37 56 8086 35 51 48 10.0 5755 2388 5359 36 60 7592 32 49 8932 30 44 54 2.5 2275 944 3964 90 131 5616 76 102 6607 69 90 54 3.0 2561 1063 4107 83 123 5818 70 97 6845 64 86 54 4.0 3133 1300 4393 72 110 6223 62 87 7321 57 77 54 6.0 4278 1775 4964 57 90 7032 49 73 8273 46 65 54 8.0 5422 2250 5535 47 77 7841 41 62 9225 38 56 54 10.0 6566 2724 6106 40 66 8650 35 54 10177 33 49

26

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 11 SOIL TYPE: CH – INORGANIC CLAYS OF HIGH PLASTICITY, FAT CLAYS, BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (GP or SP) NEAR SATURATION CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW THE PLASTIC LIMIT (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)



DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

4 2.5 132 55 83 171 13 19 16 257 10 15 13 364 9 11 10 4 3.0 156 65 99 179 11 18 14 269 9 14 12 381 8 11 9 4 4.0 204 85 131 195 9 15 12 293 8 12 10 415 7 9 8 4 6.0 300 124 194 227 7 11 9 341 6 9 7 483 5 7 6 4 8.0 396 164 258 259 5 9 7 289 5 8 6 551 4 6 5 4 10.0 492 204 322 291 4 8 6 437 4 6 5 619 3 5 4 6 2.5 193 80 122 250 18 27 23 275 15 21 13 532 12 16 14 6 3.0 228 95 145 262 16 25 20 393 13 19 16 557 11 15 13 6 4.0 298 124 191 285 13 21 17 428 11 17 14 606 9 13 11 6 6.0 437 182 284 332 9 16 12 497 8 13 11 704 7 11 9 6 8.0 577 239 376 378 7 13 10 567 7 11 9 803 6 9 7 6 10.0 716 297 468 424 6 11 8 636 5 9 7 902 5 7 6 8 2.5 255 106 161 326 23 36 30 489 19 28 24 693 16 21 19 8 3.0 300 125 191 341 20 33 27 512 17 25 22 725 15 20 17 8 4.0 391 162 250 371 17 28 22 557 14 22 18 789 12 17 15 8 6.0 571 237 370 431 12 21 16 647 11 17 14 916 9 14 12 8 8.0 751 312 489 491 10 17 13 737 9 14 11 1044 8 12 10 8 10.0 931 386 609 551 8 15 11 827 7 12 9 1171 6 10 8

10 2.5 322 134 203 408 28 43 36 612 23 33 29 867 19 26 23 10 3.0 378 157 240 426 25 39 32 640 21 30 26 906 17 24 21 10 4.0 490 203 314 464 20 33 27 696 17 26 22 985 15 21 18 10 6.0 713 296 462 538 15 26 20 807 13 21 17 1143 11 17 14 10 8.0 937 389 610 612 12 21 16 919 10 17 14 1302 9 14 12 10 10.0 1160 481 758 687 10 18 13 1030 9 15 11 1460 8 12 10 12 2.5 388 161 244 486 33 51 42 729 27 39 34 1033 23 30 27 12 3.0 454 188 288 508 29 46 38 762 25 36 31 1080 21 28 25 12 4.0 586 243 375 552 24 40 32 828 21 31 26 1173 17 25 21 12 6.0 851 353 550 640 18 30 24 960 15 25 20 1360 13 20 17 12 8.0 1115 463 725 728 14 25 19 1092 12 20 16 1547 11 17 14 12 10.0 1380 572 900 816 11 21 16 1224 10 17 14 1734 9 14 12 14 2.5 460 191 288 570 37 58 48 856 31 45 39 1212 26 35 31 14 3.0 537 223 339 596 33 53 43 894 28 41 35 1266 24 32 28 14 4.0 691 287 441 647 27 45 36 971 23 36 30 1375 20 28 24 14 6.0 999 414 645 750 20 35 27 1124 18 28 23 1593 15 23 19 14 8.0 1306 542 849 852 16 28 22 1278 14 23 19 1810 12 19 16 14 10.0 1614 670 1052 954 13 24 18 1432 12 20 16 2028 10 16 13 16 2.5 531 220 332 651 42 65 54 977 35 50 43 1383 29 39 35 16 3.0 618 256 390 680 37 60 49 1020 32 47 40 1445 27 36 32 16 4.0 792 329 505 738 31 51 41 1107 27 40 34 1568 23 32 28 16 6.0 1140 473 736 854 23 40 31 1281 20 32 26 1815 17 26 22 16 8.0 1489 618 967 970 18 32 25 1455 16 27 21 2061 14 22 18 16 10.0 1837 762 1197 1086 15 27 20 1629 13 23 18 2308 12 19 15

27

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 11 SOIL TYPE: CH – IN GRANULAR BEDDING NEAR SATURATION


DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 605 251 379 738 46 72 60 1107 39 56 48 1568 32 43 39 18 3.0 703 292 444 770 41 66 54 1156 35 52 44 1637 29 40 35 18 4.0 899 373 573 836 34 57 45 1253 29 45 37 1776 25 36 31 18 6.0 1291 536 833 966 25 44 34 1449 22 36 29 2053 19 29 24 18 8.0 1682 698 1092 1096 20 36 27 1645 18 29 23 2330 16 24 20 18 10.0 2074 861 1352 1227 17 30 23 1840 15 25 20 2607 13 21 17 20 2.5 679 282 425 821 50 79 66 1231 42 61 53 1744 35 48 42 20 3.0 787 327 497 857 45 73 59 1285 38 57 48 1821 32 44 39 20 4.0 1003 416 640 929 37 62 50 1393 32 49 41 1974 28 39 34 20 6.0 1436 596 926 1073 28 49 38 1609 25 39 32 2280 21 32 27 20 8.0 1869 775 1213 1217 22 40 30 1825 20 33 26 2586 17 27 22 20 10.0 2301 955 1499 1361 18 34 25 2041 17 28 22 2892 15 23 19 24 2.5 836 347 523 995 59 93 77 1493 50 72 62 2115 41 56 50 24 3.0 966 401 609 1038 53 85 70 1558 45 66 57 2207 38 52 46 24 4.0 1224 508 780 1124 44 73 58 1687 38 58 48 2389 32 46 40 24 6.0 1741 722 1122 1296 33 57 44 1945 29 46 37 2755 25 37 31 24 8.0 2257 937 1464 1468 26 47 36 2203 23 38 31 3120 21 31 26 24 10.0 2774 1151 1806 1640 22 40 30 2461 20 33 26 3486 17 27 22 30 2.5 1082 449 678 1264 70 112 92 1896 59 86 74 2686 50 67 60 30 3.0 1243 516 784 1317 63 103 84 1976 54 80 68 2799 46 63 55 30 4.0 1563 649 997 1424 53 89 71 2136 46 70 58 3026 39 56 48 30 6.0 2205 915 1422 1638 40 70 54 2457 35 56 46 3480 31 45 38 30 8.0 2847 1181 1847 1851 32 57 44 2777 28 47 37 3934 25 38 32 30 10.0 3489 1448 2272 2065 27 49 37 3097 24 40 32 4388 21 33 27 36 2.5 1351 560 845 1543 81 130 107 2315 69 101 86 3280 58 79 70 36 3.0 1542 640 972 1607 74 120 97 2411 63 94 79 3415 53 74 64 36 4.0 1926 799 1226 1735 62 104 83 2602 54 82 68 3686 46 65 56 36 6.0 2692 1117 1733 1990 47 82 63 2985 41 66 54 4229 36 53 45 36 8.0 3459 1435 2241 2245 38 68 51 3368 34 55 44 4771 30 45 37 36 10.0 4226 1754 2749 2500 32 58 43 3750 28 48 37 5313 25 39 32 42 2.5 1636 679 1833 91 146 2750 77 114 3896 65 89 42 3.0 1859 771 1908 83 135 2862 71 106 4054 60 83 42 4.0 2305 956 5056 70 118 3084 61 93 4369 52 74 42 6.0 3197 1326 2353 53 93 3529 47 75 5000 41 61 42 8.0 4088 1696 2650 43 77 3975 38 63 5631 34 52 42 10.0 4980 2066 2946 36 66 4420 32 55 6261 29 45 48 2.5 1943 806 2134 101 162 3202 86 126 4536 72 99 48 3.0 2197 912 2219 92 150 3329 79 118 4715 67 93 48 4.0 2705 1122 2388 78 131 3582 68 104 5075 58 83 48 6.0 3722 1544 2727 60 105 4090 53 85 5794 46 68 48 8.0 4738 1966 3065 48 87 4598 43 71 6513 38 58 48 10.0 5755 2388 3403 41 74 5105 37 62 7232 32 51 54 2.5 2275 944 2452 110 177 3679 93 138 5211 79 108 54 3.0 2561 1063 2548 100 164 3821 86 129 5414 73 102 54 4.0 3133 1300 2738 85 144 4107 74 115 5818 64 91 54 6.0 4278 1775 3119 66 115 4678 58 93 6627 51 75 54 8.0 5422 2250 3500 54 96 5249 48 79 7437 42 64 54 10.0 6566 2724 3880 45 82 5821 41 68 8246 36 56

28

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 12 SOIL TYPE: ML – INORGANIC SILTS, VERY FINE SANDS, ROCK FLOUR, BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIAL (GP or SP) NEAR SATURATION CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW THE PLASTIC LIMIT (SEE ASTM D2487 FOR MORE DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTION)



SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

4 2.5 132 55 83 209 12 17 14 296 10 13 12 348 9 12 11 4 3.0 156 65 99 221 10 16 13 313 9 12 11 368 8 11 10 4 4.0 204 85 131 245 8 13 11 347 7 11 9 408 7 9 8 4 6.0 300 124 194 293 6 10 8 415 5 8 7 488 5 7 6 4 8.0 396 164 258 341 5 8 6 483 4 7 5 568 4 6 5 4 10.0 492 204 322 389 4 7 5 551 4 6 5 648 3 5 4 6 2.5 193 80 122 306 16 24 20 433 14 19 17 510 13 17 15 6 3.0 228 95 145 323 14 22 18 458 12 17 15 539 11 15 14 6 4.0 298 124 191 358 12 19 15 507 10 15 13 597 9 13 11 6 6.0 437 182 284 428 9 14 11 606 8 12 10 713 7 10 9 6 8.0 577 239 376 497 7 11 9 704 6 9 8 829 6 9 7 6 10.0 716 297 468 567 6 10 7 803 5 8 6 945 5 7 6 8 2.5 255 106 161 399 21 32 27 566 18 25 22 666 16 22 20 8 3.0 300 125 191 422 19 29 24 598 16 23 20 703 15 20 18 8 4.0 391 162 250 467 15 24 20 661 13 20 17 778 12 18 15 8 6.0 571 237 370 557 11 19 15 789 10 15 13 928 9 14 12 8 8.0 751 312 489 647 9 15 12 916 8 13 10 1078 7 11 9 8 10.0 931 386 609 737 7 13 10 1044 7 11 9 1228 6 10 8

10 2.5 322 134 203 500 25 38 32 709 21 30 26 834 20 26 23 10 3.0 378 157 240 528 23 34 29 748 19 27 24 880 18 24 21 10 4.0 490 203 314 584 19 29 24 827 16 24 20 973 15 21 18 10 6.0 713 296 462 696 14 23 18 985 12 18 15 1159 11 17 14 10 8.0 937 389 610 807 11 18 14 1143 10 15 12 1345 9 14 11 10 10.0 1160 481 758 919 9 15 12 1302 8 13 10 1531 8 12 10 12 2.5 388 161 244 597 30 45 38 846 25 35 31 996 23 31 28 12 3.0 454 188 288 630 27 41 34 893 23 32 28 1051 21 29 25 12 4.0 586 243 375 696 22 35 28 986 19 28 24 1161 18 25 21 12 6.0 851 353 550 828 16 27 21 1173 14 22 18 1381 13 20 17 12 8.0 1115 463 725 960 13 22 17 1360 11 18 15 1601 11 16 13 12 10.0 1380 572 900 1092 11 18 14 1547 10 15 12 1821 9 14 11 14 2.5 460 191 288 702 34 51 43 994 29 40 35 1170 26 36 32 14 3.0 537 223 339 740 30 46 39 1049 26 37 32 1234 24 33 29 14 4.0 691 287 441 817 25 40 32 1158 22 32 27 1362 20 28 25 14 6.0 999 414 645 971 19 31 24 1375 16 25 21 1618 15 23 19 14 8.0 1306 542 849 1124 15 25 20 1593 13 21 17 1874 12 19 15 14 10.0 1614 670 1052 1278 12 21 16 1810 11 18 14 2130 10 16 13 16 2.5 531 220 332 803 38 57 49 1137 32 45 40 1338 30 40 36 16 3.0 618 256 390 846 34 53 44 1199 29 42 36 1410 27 37 33 16 4.0 792 329 505 933 28 45 37 1322 25 36 31 1555 23 32 28 16 6.0 1140 473 736 1107 21 35 28 1568 19 28 23 1845 17 26 22 16 8.0 1489 618 967 1281 17 28 22 1815 15 23 19 2135 14 21 18 16 10.0 1837 762 1197 1455 14 24 19 2061 2 20 16 2425 12 18 15

29

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 12 SOIL TYPE: ML – IN GRANULAR BEDDING NEAR SATURATION


SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 605 251 379 911 42 63 54 1291 36 50 44 1518 33 44 39 18 3.0 703 292 444 960 38 58 49 1360 32 46 40 1600 30 41 36 18 4.0 899 373 573 1058 31 50 41 1498 27 40 34 1763 25 36 31 18 6.0 1291 536 833 1253 23 39 31 1776 21 31 26 2089 19 28 24 18 8.0 1682 698 1092 1449 19 31 25 2053 17 26 21 2415 16 24 19 18 10.0 2074 861 1352 1645 15 27 21 2330 14 22 18 2741 13 20 16 20 2.5 679 282 425 1015 46 70 59 1438 39 55 48 1692 36 49 43 20 3.0 787 327 497 1069 42 64 53 1515 36 51 44 1782 33 45 40 20 4.0 1003 416 640 1177 35 55 45 1668 30 44 37 1962 28 39 34 20 6.0 1436 596 926 1393 26 43 34 1974 23 35 29 2322 21 31 26 20 8.0 1869 775 1213 1609 21 35 27 2280 18 29 23 2682 17 26 22 20 10.0 2301 955 1499 1825 17 29 23 2586 15 24 20 3042 14 22 18 24 2.5 836 347 523 1235 54 81 69 1750 46 64 56 2059 42 57 51 24 3.0 966 401 609 1300 49 75 62 1841 42 59 51 2166 38 53 46 24 4.0 1224 508 780 1429 40 64 52 2024 35 52 44 2381 32 46 40 24 6.0 1741 722 1122 1687 30 50 40 2389 27 41 34 2811 25 37 31 24 8.0 2257 937 1462 1945 24 41 32 2755 22 34 28 3241 20 31 25 24 10.0 2774 1151 1806 2203 20 35 27 3120 18 29 23 3671 17 26 22 30 2.5 1082 449 678 1576 65 98 82 2232 55 77 67 2626 50 68 61 30 3.0 1243 516 784 1656 58 90 75 2346 50 71 62 2759 46 64 56 30 4.0 1563 649 997 1816 49 77 63 2572 42 62 53 3026 39 56 48 30 6.0 2205 915 1422 2136 37 61 48 3026 32 50 41 3560 30 45 38 30 8.0 2857 1181 1847 2857 30 50 39 3480 26 41 34 4094 25 37 31 30 10.0 3489 1448 2272 2777 25 43 33 3934 22 35 28 4628 21 32 26 36 2.5 1351 560 845 1932 75 113 95 2737 64 90 78 3220 58 80 70 36 3.0 1542 640 972 2028 68 104 87 2873 58 83 72 3380 53 74 65 36 4.0 1926 799 1226 2219 57 91 74 3144 49 73 62 3699 46 65 56 36 6.0 2692 1117 1733 2602 43 71 57 3686 38 58 48 4337 36 53 44 36 8.0 3459 1435 2241 2985 35 59 46 4229 31 49 40 4975 28 44 37 36 10.0 4226 1754 2749 3368 29 50 39 4771 26 42 34 5613 25 38 31 42 2.5 1636 679 2305 84 127 3265 71 101 3842 66 90 42 3.0 1859 711 2416 76 118 3423 56 83 4398 52 74 42 4.0 2305 956 2639 64 103 3738 56 83 4398 52 74 42 6.0 3197 1326 3084 49 81 4369 43 66 5140 40 60 42 8.0 4088 1696 3529 40 67 5000 35 56 5882 33 50 42 10.0 4980 2066 3975 33 58 5631 30 48 6624 28 43 48 2.5 1943 806 2694 92 141 3817 79 112 4490 73 100 48 3.0 2197 912 2821 84 131 3996 72 104 4702 67 93 48 4.0 2705 1122 3075 72 114 4356 62 92 5125 58 83 48 6.0 3722 1544 3582 55 91 5075 49 74 5971 45 67 48 8.0 4738 1966 4090 45 76 5794 40 63 6817 37 57 48 10.0 5755 2388 4298 38 65 6513 34 54 7663 32 49 54 2.5 2275 944 3107 100 154 4402 86 122 5179 79 109 54 3.0 2561 1063 3250 92 143 4604 79 114 5417 73 102 54 4.0 3133 1300 3536 78 125 5009 68 101 5893 63 90 54 6.0 4278 1775 4107 61 100 5818 53 82 6945 50 74 54 8.0 5422 2250 4678 49 84 6627 44 69 7797 41 62 54 10.0 6566 2724 5249 42 72 7437 37 60 8749 35 54

30

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 13 SOIL TYPE: MH – INORGANIC SILTS, MICACEOUS OR DIATOMACEOUS FINE SANDS OR SILTS, ELASTIC SILTS, BEDDED IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (GP or SP) – NEAR SATURATION CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW THE PLASTIC LIMIT



DEPTH Fs

DI Fs

DI/PE Fs

PVC

Rs L

DI L

DI/PE L

PVC

Rs L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

4 2.5 132 55 83 123 14 23 19 185 12 18 15 262 10 15 13 4 3.0 156 65 99 131 12 21 17 197 11 17 14 279 9 13 11 4 4.0 204 85 131 147 10 17 13 221 9 14 11 313 8 11 9 4 6.0 300 124 194 179 7 13 10 269 6 10 8 381 6 9 7 4 8.0 396 164 258 211 5 10 7 317 5 8 7 449 4 7 6 4 10.0 492 204 322 243 4 8 6 365 4 7 5 517 4 6 5 6 2.5 193 80 122 181 20 33 26 271 17 26 22 384 15 21 18 6 3.0 228 95 145 192 17 29 23 288 15 23 19 409 13 19 16 6 4.0 298 95 145 192 17 29 23 288 15 23 19 409 13 19 16 6 6.0 437 182 284 262 10 18 14 393 9 15 12 557 8 12 10 6 8.0 577 239 376 308 8 14 11 462 7 12 9 655 6 10 8 6 10.0 716 297 468 355 8 12 9 532 6 10 8 754 5 8 7 8 2.5 255 106 161 236 26 43 35 354 22 34 29 502 19 27 23 8 3.0 300 125 191 251 23 39 30 377 20 31 25 534 17 25 21 8 4.0 391 162 250 281 18 32 25 422 16 26 21 598 14 21 18 8 6.0 571 237 370 341 13 24 18 512 12 20 15 725 10 16 13 8 8.0 751 312 489 401 10 19 14 602 9 16 12 853 8 13 11 8 10.0 931 386 609 461 8 16 11 692 8 13 10 980 7 11 9

10 2.5 322 134 203 296 31 52 41 444 27 41 34 630 23 32 28 10 3.0 378 157 240 315 27 46 37 472 24 37 31 669 20 30 25 10 4.0 490 203 314 352 22 38 30 528 19 31 25 748 17 25 21 10 6.0 713 296 462 426 16 29 22 640 14 24 19 906 12 19 16 10 8.0 937 389 610 501 12 23 17 751 11 19 15 1064 10 16 13 10 10.0 1160 481 758 575 10 19 14 863 9 16 12 1223 8 13 11 12 2.5 388 161 244 354 36 61 49 531 31 48 40 753 27 38 33 12 3.0 454 188 288 376 32 55 43 564 28 44 36 799 24 35 30 12 4.0 586 243 375 420 26 45 35 630 23 37 30 893 20 30 25 12 6.0 851 353 550 508 19 34 26 762 17 28 22 1080 15 23 19 12 8.0 1115 463 725 596 15 27 20 894 13 23 18 1267 12 19 15 12 10.0 1380 572 900 684 12 22 17 1026 11 19 15 1454 10 16 13 14 2.5 460 191 288 417 41 69 56 625 36 55 46 886 31 44 38 14 3.0 537 223 339 442 36 62 49 664 32 50 41 940 27 40 34 14 4.0 691 287 441 494 29 52 40 740 26 42 34 1049 23 34 29 14 6.0 999 414 645 596 21 39 29 894 19 32 25 1266 17 26 22 14 8.0 1306 542 849 698 17 31 23 1048 15 26 20 1484 13 21 17 14 10.0 1614 670 1052 801 14 26 19 1201 12 22 17 1702 11 18 14 16 2.5 531 220 332 477 46 78 63 716 40 62 52 1014 34 49 43 16 3.0 618 256 390 506 41 70 56 759 36 56 46 1075 31 45 38 16 4.0 792 329 505 564 33 58 45 846 29 47 38 1199 26 38 32 16 6.0 1140 473 736 680 24 44 33 1020 22 36 29 1445 19 30 24 16 8.0 1489 618 967 796 19 35 26 1194 17 29 23 1692 15 24 20 16 10.0 1837 762 1197 912 16 29 22 1368 14 25 19 1938 13 21 16

31

THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN TABLE 13 SOIL TYPE: MH – IN GRANULAR BEDDING NEAR SATURATION


SIZE

DEPTH Fs DI

Fs DI/PE

Fs PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

Rs

L DI

L DI/PE

L PVC

18 2.5 605 251 379 542 51 86 69 813 44 68 57 1152 38 54 47 18 3.0 703 292 444 575 45 77 61 862 40 62 51 1221 34 50 42 18 4.0 899 373 573 640 37 65 50 960 32 53 43 1360 28 43 36 18 6.0 1291 536 833 770 27 49 37 1156 24 40 32 1637 21 33 27 18 8.0 1682 698 1092 901 21 39 29 1351 19 33 25 1914 17 27 22 18 10.0 2074 861 1352 1031 17 33 24 1547 16 27 21 2191 14 23 18 20 2.5 679 282 425 605 56 94 76 907 49 75 63 1285 42 59 51 20 3.0 787 327 497 641 50 85 67 961 43 68 56 1362 37 55 47 20 4.0 1003 416 640 713 40 71 55 1069 36 58 47 1515 31 47 39 20 6.0 1436 596 926 857 29 54 41 1285 26 44 35 1821 23 36 30 20 8.0 1869 775 1213 1001 23 43 32 1501 21 36 28 2127 19 30 24 20 10.0 2301 955 1499 1145 19 36 27 1717 17 30 23 2433 16 25 20 24 2.5 836 347 523 737 65 110 88 1106 56 87 73 1567 48 69 60 24 3.0 966 401 609 780 58 99 79 1171 51 80 66 1658 44 64 55 24 4.0 1224 508 780 866 47 83 65 1300 42 68 55 1841 37 55 46 24 6.0 1741 722 1122 1038 35 63 48 1558 31 52 41 2207 28 43 35 24 8.0 2257 937 1464 1210 27 51 38 1816 25 43 33 2572 22 35 29 24 10.0 2774 1151 1806 1382 23 43 31 2074 21 36 28 2938 18 30 24 30 2.5 1082 449 678 944 78 131 105 1415 67 104 87 2005 58 83 72 30 3.0 1542 640 972 1224 80 138 109 1836 70 111 91 2602 61 89 76 30 4.0 1926 799 1226 1352 66 117 91 2028 59 95 77 2873 51 77 65 30 6.0 2205 915 1422 1317 42 77 58 1976 38 63 50 2799 33 52 43 30 8.0 2847 1181 1847 1531 33 62 46 2296 30 52 40 3253 27 43 35 30 10.0 3489 1448 2272 1745 28 52 38 2617 25 44 34 3707 23 37 29 36 2.5 1351 560 845 1161 89 151 121 1741 78 121 101 2466 67 96 83 36 3.0 1542 640 972 1224 80 138 109 1836 70 111 91 2602 61 89 76 36 4.0 1926 799 1226 1352 66 117 91 2028 59 95 77 2873 51 77 65 36 6.0 2692 1117 1733 1607 49 90 68 2411 44 74 59 3415 39 61 50 36 8.0 3459 1435 2241 1862 39 73 54 2793 36 61 48 3957 32 51 41 36 10.0 4226 1754 2749 2118 33 61 45 3176 30 52 40 4500 27 43 35 42 2.5 1636 679 1388 100 170 2082 87 136 2950 75 108 42 3.0 1859 771 1462 90 155 2194 79 125 3108 68 100 42 4.0 2305 956 1611 75 132 2416 66 108 3423 58 87 42 6.0 3197 1326 1908 56 102 2862 50 85 4054 45 70 42 8.0 4088 1696 2204 45 83 3307 41 70 4685 36 58 42 10.0 4980 2066 2501 37 70 3752 34 59 5315 31 49 48 2.5 1943 806 1627 110 188 2440 96 150 3457 83 120 48 3.0 2197 912 1711 100 172 2567 87 138 3637 76 111 48 4.0 2705 1122 1881 83 147 2821 74 120 3996 65 97 48 6.0 3722 1544 2219 63 115 3329 46 78 5435 41 65 48 8.0 4738 1966 2557 51 94 3836 46 78 5435 41 65 48 10.0 5755 2388 2896 42 79 4344 38 67 6154 34 56 54 2.5 2275 944 1881 119 204 2822 104 163 3997 90 131 54 3.0 2561 1063 1976 108 187 2965 95 151 4200 82 121 54 4.0 3133 1300 2167 91 161 3250 81 131 4604 71 107 54 6.0 4278 1775 2548 69 126 3821 62 104 5414 55 86 54 8.0 5422 2250 2928 56 103 4393 50 86 6223 45 72 54 10.0 6566 2724 3309 47 88 4964 42 74 7032 38 62

32

PVC THRUST DESIGN TABLE 14 Fsb –FOR USE WITH DEAD ENDS, TEES, AND REDUCERS

SOIL GW & SW GP & SP GM & SM GC & SC CL (-DRY) ML(-DRY) PHI (degrees)

COHESION (PSF) GAMMA (PCF)

36 0

110

31 0

110

30 0

110

25 225 100

20 250 100

29 0

100

fφ fc

DI PVC 1.00 0.70 0.00 0.00

DI PVC 1.00 0.70 0.00 0.00

DI PVC 1.00 0.70 0.00 0.00

DI PVC 1.00 0.60 0.40 0.20

DI PVC 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.30

DI PVC 1.00 0.60 0.00 0.00

NOTE: FOR POLYETHYLENE ENCASED DUCTILE IRON PIPE Fsb = Fs = 0.249W

GW & SW Fsb

GP & SP Fsb

GM & SM Fsb

GC & SC Fsb

CL (-DRY) Fsb

ML (-DRY) Fsb SIZE

(IN) DEPTH

(FT) DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC

4 2.5 174 107 144 91 138 88 215 112 237 131 121 65 4 3.0 206 128 170 108 163 104 234 123 251 138 144 78 4 4.0 270 169 223 143 214 138 271 144 280 152 188 103 4 6.0 397 252 329 213 316 206 346 187 339 180 277 153 4 8.0 525 335 434 283 417 273 420 230 397 209 365 203 4 10.0 653 418 540 353 519 341 495 273 455 237 454 253 6 2.5 255 158 211 134 203 129 314 164 345 191 178 96 6 3.0 301 188 249 159 239 153 341 180 366 201 211 114 6 4.0 394 248 326 210 313 202 395 211 408 221 275 151 6 6.0 579 368 479 311 460 300 503 273 493 262 404 223 6 8.0 765 488 633 413 608 398 612 335 577 303 532 296 6 10.0 950 608 786 515 755 496 720 397 662 344 661 369 8 2.5 336 208 278 176 267 169 410 214 449 248 236 127 8 3.0 396 247 327 209 315 201 445 234 477 261 277 150 8 4.0 516 324 427 274 410 264 515 275 531 288 360 197 8 6.0 756 480 625 406 600 391 655 355 640 341 527 291 8 8.0 995 635 823 537 791 518 795 435 749 393 693 385 8 10.0 1235 790 1021 668 981 645 935 516 859 446 859 479

10 2.5 423 261 350 221 336 213 513 268 237 131 121 65 10 3.0 498 310 411 262 395 253 556 293 251 138 144 78 10 4.0 646 406 534 343 513 331 643 343 280 152 188 103 10 6.0 943 598 780 506 750 488 816 442 339 180 277 153 10 8.0 1241 791 1026 669 986 645 990 542 397 209 365 203 10 10.0 1538 983 1272 832 1222 802 1163 642 455 237 454 253 12 2.5 509 314 421 266 405 256 612 320 667 367 358 192 12 3.0 597 371 494 314 475 303 664 349 707 387 419 227 12 4.0 773 485 639 410 614 396 766 408 787 425 541 296 12 6.0 1125 713 930 603 894 582 971 526 947 503 785 433 12 8.0 1476 941 1221 795 1173 767 1176 644 1107 581 1029 571 12 10.0 1828 1168 1512 988 1453 953 1382 762 1267 658 1273 709 14 2.5 603 371 499 314 479 302 719 375 781 429 425 227 14 3.0 705 437 583 370 560 357 779 409 828 452 496 267 14 4.0 910 570 753 482 723 465 898 478 921 497 637 347 14 6.0 1319 835 1091 706 1048 681 1137 615 1108 587 921 508 14 8.0 1728 1100 1429 930 1373 897 1376 752 1294 678 1205 668 14 10.0 2137 1365 1768 1154 1699 1113 1614 889 1480 768 1489 829 16 2.5 694 427 574 361 552 348 822 428 891 489 489 261 16 3.0 810 502 670 424 644 409 889 467 944 514 570 307 16 4.0 1042 652 862 551 828 532 1025 545 1049 565 731 398 16 6.0 1505 952 1245 805 1196 777 1295 700 1260 668 1052 579 16 8.0 1969 1252 1628 1059 1565 1021 1656 856 1471 770 1374 761 16 10.0 2432 1552 2012 1313 1933 1266 1836 1011 1682 872 1695 943

33

GW & SW

Fsb GP & SP

Fsb GM & SM

Fsb GC & SC

Fsb CL (-DRY)

Fsb ML (-DRY)

Fsb SIZE (IN)

DEPTH (FT)

DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC DI PVC 18 2.5 791 486 654 411 628 397 930 486 1007 552 558 298 18 3.0 921 571 762 483 732 466 1006 529 1066 581 649 349 18 4.0 1182 739 977 625 939 603 1158 617 1185 638 829 452 18 6.0 1703 1077 1408 911 1353 879 1463 791 1422 753 1191 656 18 8.0 2224 1414 1839 1196 1767 1154 1767 966 1659 868 1552 860 18 10.0 2745 1752 2270 1482 2181 1429 2071 1141 1897 983 1913 1065 20 2.5 886 545 733 461 704 445 1036 541 1118 612 626 335 20 3.0 1030 638 852 540 819 521 1120 589 1184 644 726 391 20 4.0 1318 824 1090 697 1047 673 1288 685 1315 708 926 504 20 6.0 1893 1197 1566 1012 1505 977 1623 878 1577 835 1325 730 20 8.0 2469 1570 2042 1328 1962 1281 1959 1071 1839 962 1725 955 20 10.0 3044 1942 2518 1643 2419 1585 2295 1264 2101 1089 2123 1181 24 2.5 1089 669 901 566 866 546 1257 656 1351 738 772 412 24 3.0 1619 1002 1339 848 1286 818 1719 905 1801 976 1146 617 24 4.0 1605 1003 1327 848 1275 818 1558 829 1586 852 1129 614 24 6.0 2292 1448 1896 1225 1822 1182 1959 1060 1899 1004 1606 884 24 8.0 2980 1894 2464 1601 2368 1545 2360 1290 2212 1155 2083 1153 24 10.0 3667 2339 3033 1978 2914 1908 2761 1520 2525 1307 2559 1423 30 2.5 1405 864 1162 731 1117 705 1595 834 1704 929 998 534 30 3.0 1619 1002 1339 848 1286 818 1719 905 1801 976 1146 617 30 4.0 2046 1279 1692 1081 1626 1043 1968 1048 1996 1071 1442 785 30 6.0 2899 1832 2398 1549 2304 1494 2466 1335 2384 1259 2034 1119 30 8.0 3753 2384 3104 2016 2982 1945 2964 1621 2773 1447 2626 1454 30 10.0 4606 2937 3809 2484 3660 2396 3462 1907 3162 1636 3218 1789 36 2.5 1749 1074 1447 908 1390 876 1950 1020 2071 1126 1246 665 36 3.0 2004 1239 1657 1048 1593 1011 2099 1105 2187 1182 1423 765 36 4.0 2514 1569 2079 1327 1998 1280 2396 1276 2419 1295 1777 965 36 6.0 3534 2230 2922 1886 2808 1819 2991 1618 2884 1520 2484 1365 36 8.0 4554 2890 3766 2444 3618 2358 3586 1960 3348 1745 3191 1765 36 10.0 5573 3551 4609 3003 4429 2897 4181 2302 3813 1970 3898 2165 42 2.5 2503 2070 1989 2704 2838 1792 42 3.0 2410 1993 1915 2492 2583 1715 42. 4.0 3003 2483 2386 2838 2853 2126 42 6.0 4189 3464 3329 3530 3393 2949 42 8.0 5375 4445 4271 4222 3933 3772 42 10.0 6561 5426 5213 4914 4473 4594 48 2.5 2503 2070 1989 2704 2838 1792 48 3.0 2841 2349 2257 2901 2992 2027 48 4.0 3517 2908 2795 3295 3300 2495 48 6.0 4869 4027 3869 4084 3916 3433 48 8.0 6221 5145 4944 4873 4631 4371 48 10.0 7573 6263 6018 5662 5147 5309 54 2.5 2924 2418 2324 3112 3248 2099 54 3.0 3305 2733 2626 3334 3421 2363 54 4.0 4066 3362 3231 3778 3767 2891 54 6.0 5587 4621 4440 4666 4460 3946 54 8.0 7109 5879 5649 5553 5153 5002 54 10.0 8631 7138 6858 6441 5846 6057

34

TABLE 15 NOMINAL DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS

OUTSIDE DIAMETER (feet) Wp+Ww NOMINAL

PIPE SIZE DI PVC

CROSS SECTIONAL AREA

(sq. in.) DI PVC

3 4 6

0.33 0.40 0.58

0.40 0.58

12.32 18.10 37.39

14.0 19.0 32.0

8.3

17.1 8

10 12

0.75 0.93 1.10

0.75 0.93 1.10

64.33 96.77

136.85

50.0 71.0 96.0

29.5 44.3 62.7

14 16 18

1.28 1.45 1.63

1.28 1.45 1.63

183.85 237.79 298.65

126.0 158.0 192.0

84.2 108.9 136.8

20 24 30

1.80 2.15 2.67

1.80 2.15 2.67

366.44 522.79 804.25

230.0 317.0 466.0

167.9 239.5 368.5

36 42 48 54

3.19 3.71 4.23 4.76

3.19 1152.09 1555.28 2026.83 2560.72

653.0 868.0

1118.0 1407.0

527.8

This is one of a series of CONNECTIONS reports addressing design and application subjects. If you would like copies of other reports or a listing of available reports contact your EBAA Iron representative or call EBAA Iron Sales at (800) 433-1716 or fax (254) 629-8931. EBAA’s engineering group can be reached at (800) 633-9190 or fax (254) 629-2079. Copyright © 1994 EBAA IRON SALES, INC.

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EBAA IRON – Your Connection to the Future.™

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