Throat and Thorax Injuries Chapter 7. Objectives Understand the basic anatomy of the throat and...
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Transcript of Throat and Thorax Injuries Chapter 7. Objectives Understand the basic anatomy of the throat and...
Throat and Thorax Injuries
Chapter 7
Chapter 7
Objectives
• Understand the basic anatomy of the throat and thorax.
• Understand how to prevent injuries of the throat and thorax.
• Know the care necessary to treat an injury within the throat or thorax.
• Understand the implications of illness or injury related to a specific organ in the thorax.
Throat Anatomy
• Carotid artery• Jugular vein• Larynx• Trachea• Esophagus
Throat Anatomy• Esophagus
– Passageway for food– In front of cervical
vertebrae, behind trachea and larynx
• Trachea– Made up of circular rings
of cartilage– Main passageway for air
to get to and from lungs
• Larynx– Modified portion of
upper trachea, contains vocal cords
Throat Anatomy• Carotid artery
– One on each side of the trachea
– Carries oxygenated blood to the brain
• Jugular vein– One on each side of
the trachea– Carries
unoxygenated blood away from the brain
• Deadly if either are severed
Thorax Anatomy• Thoracic Vertebrae• 12 Ribs on each
side (2 floating)• Sternum
– These bones function to protect the organs
Thoracic organs
• Heart• Lungs• Diaphragm
Thorax Anatomy• Heart
– Size of your fist
– Pumps blood to all parts of body
– Blood carries nutrients and oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide and waste away from cells
Heart• Chambers• Left and right
atrium• Left and right
ventricle– Thicker due
to function of pumping blood throughout the body
Heart• Function-pumps
blood to lungs and entire body
• Path– Right atrium(RA) fills
with deoxygenated blood from body
– Goes to right ventricle (RV) and out to lungs to receive oxygen
Heart• Path (continued)
– Left atrium (LA) receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
– Goes to left ventricle (LV)…largest chamber of the heart and sends it to the rest of the body through the aorta to other major arteries
– Once oxygen is used, blood returns to heart through veins
Lungs• Function: to
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and dissipate body heat
Lungs• Bronchi
– Branches of the trachea
• Bronchioles– Divisions of the
bronchi
• Alveoli– Ends of the
bronchioles where oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange occurs
Diaphragm
• Separates thorax and abdominal cavities
• Contracts and pulls down to assist inhalation and moves up to push air out
Injury Prevention
• Protective equipment
• Rules• Always buy
best protective equipment
Treating throat injuries and conditions
• Most injuries to throat are contusions caused by a blow from sticks, feet, or arms
• Treat with ice• Most response to
throat injury is coughing, spitting, difficulty breathing, and pain
Throat lacerations
• Superficial lacerations can be controlled with direct pressure
• Deep are medical emergencies– Apply direct
pressure, treat for shock
– Must respond quickly
Cartilage fracture
• Caused by severe blow to throat• Can be life threatening• Causes difficulty breathing, gasping, spitting
blood, pain, difficulty talking, appear anxious• May turn blue (lack of oxygen)• Treat with extreme care due to possible
cervical spine injury• Treat as medical emergency (call 911) and
backboard to transport• Ice area, keep athlete calm, keep airway free
of blood
Pneumothorax• Air in the pleural cavity
(collapsed lung)• Can occur with or
without trauma• Traumatic caused by
punctured lung (rib fracture, gunshot, severe laceration)
• Non-traumatic caused by weakness of lung tissue
Pneumothorax• When occurs, injured
lung moves toward center of chest, puts pressure on heart and other organs
• Causes difficulty breathing and athlete will gasp for air
• Inhaled air escapes through hole and into chest cavity which causes further compression on organs
Spontaneous pneumothorax• Can happen in healthy athlete• Caused by weakness in lung tissue• Difficulty breathing, chest pain, possible
blue skin (cyanotic)• Place athlete on ground with injured
lung closest to ground, treat for shock and treat as medical emergency (911)
• Usually heals itself without surgery
Tension Pneumothorax• Air leaking out forces lung into other
lung and heart• Tracheal deviation possible causing
more respiratory distress• Death can occur if not treated rapidly• If there is an external puncture would,
partially cover it leaving one side unsealed to prevent tension from getting worse
Tension Pneumothorax
• Sign/symptoms– Respiratory distress– Absent breath sounds on injured side– Anxiety– Bluish skin color– Pulse rapid and weak– Blood pressure will drop
• Injury requires physician to insert a chest tube and possible surgical intervention
Flail chest• Multiple ribs fractured
in 2 or more places• Occurs from direct
impact• Entire fractured
portion moves in and out when athlete breathes, but opposite normal
• Very painful, possible other internal injuries
Flail chest
• Treatment- decrease movement of fracture
• Treat athlete for shock
• Call 911 immediately
Pulmonary contusions• Bruised lung• Direct impact
(usually blunt object)
• Causes bleeding and swelling
• Difficulty breathing and bluish skin color
• Call 911, ice if athlete allows
Sucking chest wounds
• Puncture of chest wall, air from outside is drawn noisily into cavity
• Lung is not punctured• Air coming in causes pressure on lungs
causing distress• Difficulty breathing, circulation impairment
(cyanotic)• Seal wound with cellophane or plastic bag• Call EMS immediately
Hyperventilation• Quick breathing >24 breaths per min• Causes abnormal loss of carbon dioxide from the blood• Caused by becoming overly excited, anxiety, or
diabetes• Can become dizzy, experience numbness in
extremities, and/or loss of consciousness• Treat by encouraging athlete to breath slowly, calming
the athlete