Think Bike LA - Dutch Presentation
description
Transcript of Think Bike LA - Dutch Presentation
ThinkBike Workshop
Los Angeles September 22-23, 2011
• Cor van der Klaauw • Groningen Province
• Richard ter Avest • Goudappel Coffeng Consultancy
The Experts
• Tonny Bosch • Goudappel Coffeng Consultancy
• Hillie Talens • CROW
The Experts
Cycling in the Netherlands Philosophy and Measures for Increasing Bikeability
Hillie Talens Project Manager CROW and Bicycle Ambassador Fietsberaad
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Who is she?
5
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How does she travel?
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Content Facts & Figures Benefits for Society The Dutch Touch Bicycle Infrastructure (Engineering) Enforcement & Education Conclusions
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Bicycle Ownership
1,11
0,830,77
0,670,63
0,500,45
0,40 0,400,34
0,18
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
Number of cycles per inhabitant
More bicycles than people
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Bike Share: Comparison
Netherlands 27%
Denmark 18%
Germany 10%
USA 1%
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Bike Share in the Netherlands Total modal split 27%
34% of all trips < 4.5 miles
15% of trips 4.5-10 miles
Groningen en Zwolle > 50%
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Trip Motive
• 0%
• 10%
• 20%
• 30%
• 40%
• 50%
• 60%
• 70%
• 80%
• 90%
• 100%
• Com
mut
er tr
avel
• Bus
ines
s tri
ps
• Ser
vice
s/pe
rson
al
• car
e
• Sho
ppin
g
• Edu
catio
n
• Vis
it/st
ay
• Soc
ial
• recr
eatio
nal
• Tou
ring/
hiki
ng
• Oth
er
• Tot
al
• Car
• Bicycle
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Daily Trips
Average daily nr. of trips by gender
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2
Age 0-12 12-16
16-18
18-20
20-25
25-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-65
65-75
>75 Avg
Daily
nr.
of tr
ips
WomenMen
Source: RWS/AVV 2005 /MON 2005
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Average Distance
Average daily covered distance by gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Age 0-12 12-16
16-18
18-20
20-25
25-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-65
65-75
>75 Avg
Daily
cov
ered
dis
tanc
e
WomenMen
Source: RWS/AVV 2005 /MON 2005
1km = 0.6 miles
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Emotions
car bike public transport joy fear anger sadness aversion
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Safety - Europe
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Bike Share - EU
27%
19%
10%9% 9%
8%7%
5% 5%
2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
the Nethe
rlands
Denmark
German
y
Austria
Switzerla
nd
Belgium
Sweden Italy
France
Great Brita
in
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Safety in Numbers
Italy UK Finland Germany Sweden Netherlands 0
0.5
1
1,5
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 Bicycle km per person per day
Cyclists killed per 100 million bicycle km
1km = 0.6 miles
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History
1925
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• 0
• 200
• 400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Bic
ycle
km
ppp
y
0
10
20
30
40
50
Cyc
le fa
talit
ies
per b
illio
n bi
cycl
e km
Bicycle use Bicycle unsafety
1950 –1975:
- Suburbanization - Car use - Transport policy - Old fashioned
1975 - present:
- Suburbanization - Car use + Transport policy + Clean & Healthy
Development in Time 1km = 0.6 miles
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Benefits of Cycling Sustainability Accessibility Health Liveability Economics
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Sustainability No CO2 emission
(reduction by 2.4 million tons in the Netherlands)
Efficient (1 liter of fossil fuel per 311 miles)
Reduction of the global footprint of a country
Alleviates global warming
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Accessibility Consequences in Urban Areas More efficient use of
infrastructure Easier access to business
areas, etc. Shorter travel times
(the bike is the fastest means of transport)
Less congestion More efficient parking
(8 bicycles for 1 car)
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Health Cyclists vs. Non-Cyclists Increase of life expectancy by an average of 3 years Extra time in good health (10 years) Reduction of diseases (e.g. obesity, heart and coronary disease, Alzheimer’s) More fit and less overweight children Independent and self-confident youth Reduction in healthcare costs Reduction of work absenteeism (10-15%)
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Lifestyle Cycling offers: More joy and happiness Less traffic noise Cleaner air Better social integration
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Economic Benefits Reduction in commuting costs More efficient transport Less need to build expensive
parking spaces Sustainable economic growth Increased business in shops
along bike routes Reduction in work absenteeism
(10-15%)
Every km by car costs €0.32 ($0.47) Every km by bike gains €0.12 ($0.18)
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What makes the Dutch cycle? Flexibility Convenience Perceived safety Cost Health benefits The fastest way get around town Easy to combine with other
modes of transport
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Characteristics of Cyclists Muscle power Balance No crumple zones Hardly any suspension Open air Social activity Humans
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Cycle Speed Design speed of 12.5 to 25 miles per hour Speed limits determined by circumstances 30 km/h-zones (residential areas) Home zones/woonerfs (10 miles/h)
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Good Infrastructure = More Cyclists
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Traffic / Road System
Function Use
Design
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5 Safety Principles Functionality of roads Homogeneity of mass, speed
and direction Recognizability of road design
and predictability of road course and road user behaviour
Forgivingness of the environment (physical and social)
State awareness by the road user
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3 Road Categories Through roads Distributor roads Access roads
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Bicycle Traffic On/Along Distributor Roads Access Roads Not on Through Roads
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Main Requirements for Bicycle Infrastructure 1. Coherence 2. Directness 3. Attractiveness 4. Safety 5. Comfort
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1. Coherence Consistency Ease of way finding Mobility chain Choice (more than one
possible route)
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2. Directness No unnecessary detours Faster than car Constant speed Minimum delays
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3. Attractiveness Psychological elements Perception Social safety Side-by-side
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4. Safety Mix if possible Separate when necessary No hard conflicts Infrastructure Safe vehicles (bicycles and cars) Safe road users
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5. Comfort Smooth surface Minimum stops Protection against weather Easy way finding Priority at intersections Gentle slopes
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Bicycle Facilities Network Route Sections Intersections Parking Others
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Network A mesh/grid width of app. 800ft Urban areas Main destinations are connected No detour Not always dedicated facilities
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Residential Areas Shortcuts for cyclists
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Routes: Bike (High)way More important in rural areas
and between neighborhoods or towns
To encourage longer distance bike commuting
Priority at intersections Complete (no missing links) Separation between cyclists
and motorists No detours Social safety
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Street Sections: Bicycle Street Cycle route Car stays behind bicycle Two types:
Ü Car in the middle Ü Car on the side
More than 2000 bicycles per day
Less than 500 pcu/day (two way street)
Less than 2000 pcu/day (one way street)
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Street Sections: Cycle Track Parallel to main road (distributor) " Mostly one direction " 6.50 – 8.20ft wide (depending on volume) " Car parking on the left Off street path " Two directions " 8.20 – 13.10ft wide " Depending on volume and mopeds " Centre marking
right
wrong
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Intersections Priority Roundabout Traffic lights Raised intersection Tunnel Bridge
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Roundabouts 4 types: " Bike on street " Bike lane " Separated path with priority " Separated path without priority With path, allow >16.4 feet of space for yielding car
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Traffic Lights Bicycle phase - all bicycle
directions green Advanced stop lane/box Go right to turn left No right turn on red for cars Sometimes free right turn on
red for bikes Mirror to avoid
turning accidents
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Tunnels Gradient / grade <5% > 11.5 ft wide > 9 ft headroom Sufficient light Daylight Vision through tunnel
right
wrong
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Bridges Gradient/grade <5% Protection against weather 11.5feet wide Cyclists prefer tunnels to bridges
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Parking Safe facilities Logical location Serviceable Well fitted Sufficient space
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Other Maintenance Road work zones No “cyclist dismount” signs No detour more than 50%
(max 3miles)
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Liability and Enforcement Philosophy of Dutch enforcement: Car drivers: should take the responsibility
of driving vehicles that could kill should be aware of the capricious
nature of cyclists (esp. children) Are always are liable when an
accident occurs Cyclists: should stop at red lights should not cycle on side walks
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Education Start young Safe routes to school
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Conclusions Cyclist is not a pedestrian with wheels Bicycle facilities need to be tailor-made Handbooks should be for inspiration Cycling is not just a sport Bicycle is not a poor man’s Mercedes
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Cycling is fun for everybody!