Thesis Presentation v3

8/14/2019 Thesis Presentation v3

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What AreCountry-LevelDeterminantsof Economic

ResearchProductivity?

Supervisor: Dr.Michael R. Ward

What arecountry-leveldeterminants ofeconomic researchproductivity?

Outline

Introduction29 countries

Research Output andResearch MarketsConcentration Graph


Literature Review

Economic Model andEconometric Model

Econometric ModelEconometric Model

Econometric Model(Cont.)

Data

Empirical Result andConclustion

Empirical Result(Cont.)



Conclusion

What Are Country-Level Determinantsof Economic Research Productivity?

Hoa Nguyen

Department of Economics, UTA


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Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Outline

I Outline


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Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Outline

I Outline

1. Introduction


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Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Outline

I Outline

1. Introduction

2. Literature Review


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Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Outline

I Outline

1. Introduction

2. Literature Review3. Economic Model and Econometric Model


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Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Outline

I Outline

1. Introduction

2. Literature Review3. Economic Model and Econometric Model4. Data


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Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Outline

I Outline

1. Introduction

2. Literature Review3. Economic Model and Econometric Model4. Data5. Empirical Result and Conclusion


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Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction

I Why does economic research productivity matter?


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction


I What are country-level determinants of economicresearch productivity?


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction



1. Internet and personal computer use


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction




2. Economic openness


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction




2. Economic openness3. International academic exchanges


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction




2. Economic openness3. International academic exchanges4. Higher education


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction





I Contribution of the thesis


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction






1. Country-level determinants

Wh A


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction






1. Country-level determinants2. Dierent eects in developed and developing countries

Wh t A


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Introduction






1. Country-level determinants2. Dierent eects in developed and developing countries3. A decrease in the research markets concentration

What Are


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline




Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

29 countries

I

What AreR h O d R h M k


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Research Output and Research MarketsConcentration Graph

I

0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1

concentra

tion

0

.5

1

1.

5

2

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

o ut pu t c on cen tr at ion

CHINA

0

.1

.2

.3

.4

concentra

tion

1

2

3

4

5

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

ou tp ut c onc en tra ti on

FRANCE

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

c

oncentration

0

1

2

3

4

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

o ut pu t c on cen tr at ion

GERMANY

0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1

c

oncentration

0

.5

1

1.

5

2

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

ou tp ut c onc en tra ti on

ITALY

.2

.

4

.6

.8

1

co

ncentration

0

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

outpu t concent ra tion

KOREA, REP.

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

co

ncentration

0

1

2

3

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

output concent ra ti on

NETHERLANDS

0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1

concentration

0

.5

1

1.

5

2

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

outpu t concent ra tion

SPAIN

.04

.06

.08

.1

.12

concentration

4

6

8

10

12

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

output concent ra ti on

UK

What AreR h O d R h M k


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Research Output and Research MarketsConcentration Graph

I

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

concentration

0

2

4

6

8

10

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

output c oncentrat ion

ISRAEL

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

concentration

1

1.

5

2

2.

5

3

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

out put c oncentrat ion

AUTRALIA

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

concentration

0

1

2

3

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

output c oncentrat ion

BELGIUM

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

concentration

.5

1

1.

5

2

2.

5

output

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010year

out put c oncentrat ion

JAPAN

What AreLit t R i


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Literature Review

I Age (Gonzalez-Brambila and Veloso, 2007)

What AreLit t R i


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Country-LevelDeterminantsof Economic


Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Literature Review

I

Age (Gonzalez-Brambila and Veloso, 2007)I Gender and marriage (Mary Frank Fox, 2005)

What AreLite at e Re ie


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Literature Review

I


I Collaboration (Lee and Bozeman, 2005; Defazio,Lockett and Wright, 2008; Sooryamothy and Shrum,2007; Agrawal and Godfarb, 2008)

What AreLiterature Review


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review




Data





Conclusion

Literature Review

I



I Funding (Jacob and Lefgren, 2007; Adams, 2009)

What AreLiterature Review


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

Literature Review

I




I Institutional factors (Dundar and Lewis, 1998)

What AreC L lLiterature Review


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

Literature Review

I





I Information and Communication Technology appliances(ICT) (Hamermesh and Oster, 1998; Barjak, 2006;Depken and Ward, 2009).

What AreC t L lLiterature Review


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

Literature Review

I





I Information and Communication Technology appliances(ICT) (Hamermesh and Oster, 1998; Barjak, 2006;Depken and Ward, 2009).

I International factors (Borghans and Corvers, 2009).

What AreCo ntr Le elEconomic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

Economic Model

I Economic Model

What AreCountry LevelEconomic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

Economic Model

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:

What AreCountry-LevelEconomic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

Economic Model

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:

I Higher education and academic research are normalgoods



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Country LevelDeterminantsof Economic


Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

Economic Model

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:


I Research market is monopolistically competitive



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Cou t y e eDeterminantsof Economic


Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction

29 countriesResearch Output andResearch MarketsConcentration Graph


Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

Economic Model

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital



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yDeterminantsof Economic


Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I Human capital is accumulated through studying abroad



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Determinantsof Economic


Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I Human capital is accumulated through studying abroadI Corver (1996): Allocative eect, Worker eect,

Diusion eect, Research eect



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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I

Human capital is accumulated through studying abroadI Corver (1996): Allocative eect, Worker eect,


3. Labor Mobility

What AreCountry-LevelD

Economic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I



3. Labor Mobility

I Mitigate the moral hazard problem

What AreCountry-LevelD i

Economic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I



3. Labor Mobility


4. Simple Production Function

What AreCountry-LevelD t i t

Economic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric ModelEconometric Model(Cont.)

Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I



3. Labor Mobility



I q= f(x1, x2, x3...xn)

What AreCountry-LevelDeterminants

Economic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I



3. Labor Mobility



I q= f(x1, x2, x3...xn)I q/x> 0


Economic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I



3. Labor Mobility



I q= f(x1, x2, x3...xn)I q/x> 0I 2q/2x< 0


Economic Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Model

1. Assumption:



2. Human Capital

I



3. Labor Mobility



I q= f(x1, x2, x3...xn)I q/x> 0I 2q/2x< 0I 2q/xnxm0 > 0


Econometric Model


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Supervisor: Dr.

Michael R. Ward


Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Econometric Model


Econometric Model


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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Econometric Model

1. Increasing economic research productivityln (RESEARCHit) = 0 +1INCOMEit+2ECONOPENit

+3STUDYABROADit

+4INTERNETit+5EDUHIGHERit+6DUMMYYEAR+


Econometric Model


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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Econometric Model

1. Increasing economic research productivityln (RESEARCHit) = 0 +1INCOMEit+2ECONOPENit

+3STUDYABROADit+4INTERNETit+5EDUHIGHERit+6DUMMYYEAR+

2. Decreasing research markets concentrationCONCENTRATIONit= 0+1INCOMEit+2ECONOPENit

+3STUDYABROADit+4INTERNETit+5EDUHIGHERit+6DUMMYYEAR+


Econometric Model (Cont.)


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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result(Cont.)Conclusion

I Research: Impact factor weighted publications




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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data






I 2003 impact factor = A/B


f E i



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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data






I 2003 impact factor = A/BI A = the number of times articles published in 2001 and

2002 were cited by indexed journals during 2003


f E i



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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data








I B = the total number of citable items published in 2001and 2002.




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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data









I Concentration: Herndahl-Hirschman Index - HHI




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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion






I HHI = s21 + s22 + s

23 + .... + s

2n




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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion






I HHI = s21 + s22 + s

23 + .... + s

2n

I

sn is the market share of the ith

research institution.




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of EconomicResearch

Productivity?



Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

I Income: GDP/cap, Unemployment rate




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Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

I Income: GDP/cap, Unemployment rateI Economic openness: FDI, Trade, the Economic Freedom

of the World index




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Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion


of the World index

I Study abroad: ERASMUS exchanged student program,

U.S visa holders (F1 and J1)




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Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion


of the World index


U.S visa holders (F1 and J1)I Internet: Internet subscribers and number of Personal

Computers (PCs)




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Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion


of the World index


U.S visa holders (F1 and J1)I Internet: Internet subscribers and number of Personal

Computers (PCs)

I Higher education: number of tertiary students (college,graduate schools), expenditure per higher-educationstudent.


R h

Data

I Article Information


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Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion



R h

Data



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Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion


I Institute for Scientic Information (ISI)s Social Science

Citation Index (SSCI) data


Research

Data



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Outline

Introduction



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion



Citation Index (SSCI) dataI The World Development Indicators


Research

Data



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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion




I The World Development Indicators (WDI) publicationsand online database of the World Bank


Research

Data



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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion





I

The Economic Freedom of the World index


Research

Data



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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

Article Information




I

The Economic Freedom of the World indexI The Frazier Institutes Economic Freedom of the

World annual surveys


Research

Data



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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

Article Information

I Institute for Scientic Information (ISI)s Social ScienceCitation Index (SSCI) data

I The World Development Indicators


I



I ERASMUS exchanged students


Research

Data



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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion




I




I

The European Region Action Scheme for the Mobilityof University Students (ERASMUS)


Research

Data



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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion




I




I


I U.S Visa Holders (F1 and J1)


Research

Data



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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion




I




I


I U.S Visa Holders (F1 and J1)

I The U.S Department of Justices statistical yearbooks ofthe immigration and naturalization service (1975-2006)


ResearchP d i i ?

Empirical Results for Research Output Share


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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

I Economic Openness


ResearchP d ti it ?



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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

I Economic Openness

1. Trade





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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

I Economic Openness

1. Trade

I Positive eect in developing countries





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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

I Economic Openness

1. Trade

I Positive eect in developing countriesI Negative and signicant (10%) eect in developed

countries





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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

I Economic Openness

1. Trade


countriesI Without dummy year: positive and signicant (5%)

eect in all countries





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Productivity?



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data




Empirical Result

(Cont.)Conclusion

I Economic Openness

1. Trade




2. FDI





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y



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Openness

1. Trade




2. FDI

I Negative and signicant (10%) eect in all countries



Empirical Results for Research OutputShare(Cont.)


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y



Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Internet and PC use





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I

Internet and PC useI Positive eect in both developed and developing

countries





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I


countries

I Study abroad





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I


countries

I Study abroad

I

Positive and signicant (1%) eect in developingcountries





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I


countries

I Study abroad

I


I ERASMUS: Negative eect in developed countries





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I


countries

I Study abroad

I



I Higher-education students:





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I


countries

I Study abroad

I




I Positive eect in all countries





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I


countries

I Study abroad

I





I Unemployment rate:





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I


countries

I Study abroad

I

Positive and signicant (1%) eect in developingcountriesI ERASMUS: Negative eect in developed countries



I Unemployment rate:

I Negative and signicant (10%) eect in all countries



Empirical Results for Research MarketsConcentration


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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Openness





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Openness

1. Trade: Negative eect in all countries





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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Openness

1. Trade: Negative eect in all countries2. FDI



S i D



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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Openness


I Positive eect in developing countries



S i D



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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Openness


I Positive eect in developing countriesI Negative eect in developed countries



Supervisor: Dr



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Outline

Introduction

29 countries



Literature Review


Econometric Model

Econometric Model


Data





Conclusion

I Economic Openness


I Positive eect in developing countriesI Negative eect in developed countries

I Study abroad



Supervisor: Dr



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Thesis Presentation v3

Documents

Transcript of Thesis Presentation v3