Thermochemical Biorefineries and Activities in Austria · Thermochemical Biorefineries and...

Thermochemical Biorefineries and

Activities in Austria

Dr. Reinhard Rauch

Institute of Chemical Engineering

IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Biorefining

7th Task Meeting, Lille, France, 3-4 March 2010


Working Group Zero Emission Technology

Index

• Overview thermochemical Biorefineries• Activities in Austria

• Gasification• Synthesis• Integration aspects



Thermochemical Biorefineries



Research in 2nd generation biofuels� Abengoa (Ethanol)� Chemrec (DME)� Choren (Fischer Tropsch Diesel)� Cutec (Fischer Tropsch Diesel)� ECN (Fischer Tropsch Diesel, BioSNG)� Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Fischer Tropsch Diesel, Methanol)� Institute of Gas Technology (Fischer Tropsch Diesel)� Institut Francais du Petrole (Fischer Tropsch Diesel)� Sasol (Fischer Tropsch Diesel) largest producer of FT products

worldwide� Technical University of Karlsruhe (Fischer Tropsch Diesel)� Vienna, University of Technology (Fischer Tropsch Diesel, BioSNG)� VTT (Fischer Tropsch Diesel)� All Oil companies, like Shell, Total, Chevron … ! (but only for non

renewable sources like coal and natural gas)This list is not complete!!!More info in the country reports of IEA Bioenergy Task33, and Task39http://biofuels.abc-energy.at/demoplants/projects/mapindex



Sasol: Refinery based on FT synthesis

Source: CSFB Global Oil & Gas Conference, 8th June 2005



Sasol: Products• Argon – inert gas essential in lightbulbs

• Acetone – nail varnish• Butane – lighter fuel

• Bitumen – roads

• Diesel – powers trucks, tractors and increasingly cars

• Ethylene gas – banana-ripening

• Ethanol – perfumes and deodorants• Fertilisers – derived from ammonia

• Gases – such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen for industrial use

• Hydrogen – manufacture of margarine

• Industrial pipeline gas – heating furnaces, ovens and kilns

• Jet fuel – derived from crude oil and synthetic components

• Krypton – lasers and lighting

• Linear-chain alpha olefins – enhancing plastics

• Mono-methylamine – agrochemicals and explosives

• Nitric acid – nitrogenous explosives

• Ortho-cresol – and other phenolics, used for specialised coatings

• POLY Vinyl chloride – PVC

• Propylene – polypropylene packaging and car parts

• Recarburiser coke – metallurgical production

• Sodium tripolyphosphat e – washing powders

• Tertiary amyl methyl ether – octane-boosting petrol additive

• Urea, derived from ammonia – animal feeds

• Waxes – crayons, makeup, coatings• Xenon – projectors, medical scanners

Source: http://www.sasol.com



Gasification

Biomass Gasification

Autothermal Allothermal

Air O2/H2O H2O CO2

Hu: lowN2: highH2: low

Hu: mediumN2: zeroH2: high

Hu: mediumN2: zeroH2: high

Hu: mediumN2: zero

H2: medium



Gasification

product gas flue gas

biomass

steamair

Fluidised Bed (Steam/O2) Entrained Flow (O2) Dual Fluidised Bed (Steam)



BiomassGasification

Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine,

fuel cell)

Synthetic NaturalGas (SNG)

FT-Fuels(FT-Diesel)

Methanol / DME

Hydrogen

Mixed alkohols

Biomass

Synthesis gasH2 + CO

Oxosynthesisfor aldehydes

Isosynthesis forIsobutane

Ammonia

others



Commercial FICFB gasifiers

Oberwart

In operation

Klagenfurt

Start up planned for 2010

Start up planned for 2011

Villach



Commercial FICFB gasifiers

LocationElectricity

production

Fuel / electr.

MW, MWelStart up Status

Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0 / 2.0 2002 Operational

Oberwart, AT Gas engine / ORC 8.5 / 2.8 2008 Operational

Villach, AT Gas engine 15 / 3.7 2010Construction

finished

Klagenfurt, AT Gas engine 25 / 5.5 2011Detailed

engineering

Ulm, DE Gas engine / ORC 15 / 5.3 2010Under

construction

Geislingen, DEAER-process /

Gas engine / ORC10 / 3.3 2010

Detailed

engineering



FICFB system

Steam Air

Biomass

Gasification Combustion

Producer Gas Flue gas

Circulation

Heat



Schema of FT synthesis

gasification Gas cleaning Gas utilisation

biomassFlue gas

heat electricity

steam

Fluidised bed850 °C

particeltar

Gas engine

Gas Treatment and compression

FT-Synthesis Product separation

FT raw product

240 - 280 °C20 - 30 bar

catalyst

gaseous products, Off-Gas

Sulphur ChlorineHydrocarbons

Commercial plant

R&D



Analysis of FT raw product

alkanes

(iso&n-)

alkenes

cylcoalkanes

oxygenates



FT diesel after hydroprocessing

0%

2%4%

6%

8%10%

12%

14%16%

18%

C9C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20

Kettenlänge [-]

Mas

sena

ntei

le [%

wt]

iso-alkane

n-Alkane

AromatischeVerbdg.



BioSNG

BioSNGBioSNG --lab scale productionlab scale production

Methanation (BioSNG)Fluidized bed reactor Temperature 300-350 °C Pressure 1-5 barCapacity 1 MW SNGCatalyst Nickel

CO + 3 H2 = CH4 + H2O

Biomass gasificationBiomass gasification

SNGSNG--demonstrationdemonstration



Quality of BioSNG

unit

GermanyDVGW

regulation G260

AustriaÖVGW

regulationG31

BioSNG

Wobbe Index [kWh/m³] 12,8-15,7 13,3-15,7 14,15

Relative density [-] 0,55-0,75 0,55-0,65 0,56

Higher heating value

[kWh/m³] 8,4-13,1 10,7-12,8 10,7



Integration aspects

• Polygeneration

• Integration of facility in existing Industry

• Integration of products in existing Industry



Polygeneration

biomass gasification gas cleaning

Peak electricity + heat

Storable product

Flexible switch between both products within minutes

Research necessary:- synthesis reaction which is load flexible- demonstration of concept- heat usage concepts

like SNG, LPG, FT liquids, alcohols, DME, chemicals

Like gas engine or gas turbine to produce electricity and heat

80% of investment costs are always in operation

Interesting financing option for scaling up,

because CHP is state of the art



Integration of FT synthesis into energy consuming industry

Aim:� Production of FT – raw products� Substitution of fossil energy

Parameters for Study:

� Steam produced by fossil: 120 t/h� Steam parameters: 2.8 / 12 / 120 bar � Fuel: wood chips from forestry



Simulation

gasificaton+ drying

Steam generation

Steam - ReformerGas cleaning

compression

Gas cleaning

FT - Synthesis

Offgas - combustion

Steam generation



Main resultsFuel input: 54.4 [t/h]

Thermal input: 220.2 [MW]

FT – Produkts: 9.9 [t/h]

50%

5%0%1%

4%

34%

6% Standort 1 Brennstoffkosten

Betriebsmittelkosten

Reststoffentsorgungskosten

Personalkosten

Wartungskosten

Kreditrückzahlung

Strombezugskosten

FuelConsumablesWastePersonalMaintananceInvestmentsElectricity

Steam at 2,8 bar: 43.4 [t/h]

Steam at 12 bar: 12.3 [t/h]

Steam at 120 bar: 63.6 [t/h]



Integration into fossil refinery

� Refineries are looking for substitution of diesel in Europe

� FT raw products has to be hydrotreated to get a high valuable diesel

� Almost all refineries have hydrotreating facilities

So upgrading of FT raw products in refineries seems very interesting



Feed in points

Destillation outside refinery

• FT Naphta• FT Diesel• FT Waxes

Or FT raw product

Source: Wikipedia



Conclusion

� Gasification gives the opportunity to produce a wide range of products

� for coal and natural gas, there exists already conversion routes (ammonia, methanol, FT, hydrogen)

� For cofiring and CHP biomass gasification is already on the market

� Some synthetic biofuels are already in demonstration

2nd International Conference on Polygeneration Strategies with special focus on Integrated Biorefineries, 7th-9th of September 2010, Leipzig, Germanyhttp://www.icps-conference.eu/

Thermochemical Biorefineries and Activities in Austria · Thermochemical Biorefineries and...

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