Theories of learning and Aspects of Language
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The 1st MeetingEnglish for Children
Oktian Fajar Nugroho, S.PdSTKIP Panca SaktiTangerang, 2014
Theories of learning Teaching Media
To master a spoken language such as English, a child must learn:◦ Basic sounds◦ How words are combined to form meaningful
statements◦ What words and sentences mean
What must be mastered?
Children must learn to hear and pronounce the phonemes of their language to make sense of the speech they hear and to be understood when they speak.
How to teach English for children?
Phonology◦ Is the sound system of language, and basic units of
sound in any given language are its phonemes. Children must learn to hear and pronounce the phonemes of theirs language.
Morphology ◦ Rules for forming words from sounds. Ex: past tense,etc
Syntax◦ Rules for forming sentences from words.
Semantics◦ The aspects of language that concerns meanings.
Pragmantics◦ Rules specifying how language is used appropriately in
different social contexts.
Five aspects of language:
Human communication involves not only language but also forms of nonverbal communication.◦ Facial expressions◦ Tone of voice (intonation)◦ Gestures
The 2nd MeetingEnglish for Children
Oktian Fajar Nugroho, S.PdSTKIP Panca SaktiTangerang, 2014
Theories of
learningOktian Fajar Nugroho,
S.Pd
Learning theory in my opinion..
Learning theory is a tools to
understand how to teach the student well.
Learning as a black box
INPUTS OUTCOMES
INPUTS OUTCOMESLearning
So what’s happening inside the box?
Inside the box there are 4 theories:
behaviorism
cognitivism
humanism
constuctivism
Learning is a change in behavior as a result of the interaction between stimulus and response.
A person is considered to have learned something if he is able to demonstrate changes in behavior.
Behaviorism
Rewards and punishments
Responsibility for student learning rests squarely with the teacher
Lecture-based, highly structured
Behaviorism in the Classroom
Ausubel argues that- teachers should be able to develop the
cognitive potential of students through the meaningful learning process.
- the learning activities of students, especially those in primary education-level would be beneficial if they are involved in many hands-on activities.
Cognitivism
Inquiry-oriented projects
Opportunities for the testing of hypotheses
Curiosity encouraged
Cognitivism in the Classroom
according to the constructivist view, in the process of student learning should be active doing activities, active thinking, develop the concept and meaning members about things that are being studied.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Social Constructivism in the Classroom
Experiential activities
Personal focus
Collaborative & cooperative learning
According to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers:
- In humanism, learning is a process of learner-centered and personalized, and the educator's role is as a facilitator. - Affective and cognitive needs are the keys, and the goal is to build a human being who can actualized themself in a cooperative and supportive environment.
humanistic
1. Open education (choose activity by the students)
2. Cooperative learning (example : cooking, find an animals, find a number, find a alphabet)
Humanistic in the classroom
Teaching MediaOktian Fajar Nugroho, S.Pd