Theoretical advancement in economic geography by engaged pluralism
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Theoretical advancement in economic geography by engaged pluralism
Robert Hassink
Dept. of Geography, University of Kiel,
Germany
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Fragmented
vs.
engaged pluralism (Barnes & Sheppard 2010)
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Evolutionary economic geography analyses and explains “the processes by which the economic landscape – the spatial organisation of economic production, circulation, exchange, distribution andconsumption – is transformed from within over time” (Boschma & Martin 2010, 6).
“why it is that some regional economies become locked into development paths that lose dynamism, whilst other regional economies seem able to avoid this danger” (Martin & Sunley 2006, 395)
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Aim:
advancing evolutionary economic geography by reviewing its core critique and proposed solutions, particularly that of geographical political economy.
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
1. Introduction
2. Evolutionary economic geography
3. Critique
4. Alternative paradigms
5. Empirical reflection: locked in decline?
6. Conclusions
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Source: Boschma & Frenken 2006
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Evolutionary concepts and notes:
• Path dependence and lock-ins,
• Related and unrelated variety,
• Co-evolution,
• Sunk costs,
• Cluster life cycles.
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
‘‘A path-dependent process or system is one whose outcome evolves as a consequence of the process’s or system’s own history’’ (Martin & Sunley, 2006, 399)
Path dependence is not past dependence; it is rather a contingent process
‘‘Lock-in is this notion that most fully captures the idea that the combination of historical contingency and the emergence of self-reinforcing effects, steers a technology, industry or regional economy along one ‘path’ rather than another’’ (Martin 2010, 3)
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Source: Boschma & Frenken 2006
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Source: Boschma & Frenken 2006
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3. Critique
Pike et al 2009, MacKinnon et al 2009:
1. limited importance attached to institutions
2. under-conceptualized notion of social agency and power
3. neglected multi-scalar interrelatedness and embeddedness of firms
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Source: Hassink & Klaerding 2012
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4. Alternative paradigms
Geographical political economy
Institutional economic geography
Relational economic geography
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5. Empirical reflection: locked in decline?
Hassink, R. (2010) Locked in decline? On the role of regional lock-ins in old industrial areas. The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography, 450.
"When the wind of change blows, some build walls, others build windmills“
当风向改变时 ,有的人筑墙 ,有的人造风车Chinese proverb
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Monostructure despite strong de-industrialisation after reunification
All yards are part of larger concern
Strong competition with East Asian shipyards
Strong state support (federal state, Land, EU) to modernise production capacities (3 billion €, 500,000 € per job) => capacity limitation
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yards Yard cities
State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Shipbuilding Association Federal government
Local trade unions
European Commission
European Shipbuilding
Association
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Lobby: Against capacity limitation Against alleged dumping
prices of Korean yards
Results: Capacity limitations have
become less strict WTO case and due to that
allowance of subsidies (84 million €)
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Westmünsterland
History• cross-border textile region since the 19th Century • impulses from Twente (the Netherlands)• early 1960s about 75% of manufacturing employment
in the textile industry• crisis and de-industrialisation
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Political reactions
Little protest against plantclosures => “quiet” restructuring due to the lack of lock-ins:
• few subsidies• support for new industry • entrepreneur Schmitz
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Company reactions
Technical textiles:Examples: car industry, medical technology, fishery, road and railroad construction, agriculture
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Daegu
History
• genesis during colonial period• strong growth during 1960s/1970s (targeted industry)• natural fibres => synthetic fibres • crisis and de-industrialisation
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Political reactions
Milano-Project1999-2003Strongly subsidised: € 650 mill.
Kim Dae-Jung’s official pledge (공약 )& regionalism
Aim:
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• Fashion industry• Upgrading textile• Exhibitions
Problems:• Conflicts• Gap
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Adjustment / renewal
Lock-ins Dominant impact factors
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Adjustment Strong at several spatial levels
Both economic-structural and political-institutional factors
Westmünsterland Renewal Weak Both economic-structural and specific regional political-institutional factors
Daegu Adjustment Strong at local level
Political-institutional impact factors dominate
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6. Conclusions
Evolutionary economic geography has some clear and powerful theoretical notions
In order to overcome shortcomings in favour of engaged pluralism => incorporating institutional and relational economic geography => evolutionary economic geography as a pluralistic project
In favour of theoretical stability
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kiitos!
tusen tack!