Anne Boleyn

Dissolution of the Monastaries 1536-1541

6 wives of Henry VIII

1. Catherine of Aragon (marriage annulled; died while detained under guard at Kimbolton Castle) DAUGHTER: MARY

2. Anne Boleyn (annulled and later executed)DAUGHTER: ELIZABETH

3. Jane Seymour (died days after giving birth, widely believed to be following birth complications)

SON: EDWARD4. Anne of Cleves (annulled)5. Catherine Howard (annulled and later executed)6. Catherine Parr (widowed)

Mary: Catholic Daughter of Catherine of Aragon

Elizabeth: Protestant daughter of Anne Boleyn

Edward: Protestant son of Jane Seymour

Edward VI: (King 1547-1555)

‘Bloody Mary’: Mary I (Queen 1553-1558)

Mary and Phillip II of Spain

Robert Dudley

Act of Uniformity (1558-9)

• Reinforces the Church of England, and Elizabeth as the Supreme Governor of that Church

• Requires all citizens to swear allegiance to the State religion, but does not place harsh punishments of those who break these rules

The Thirty-nine articles (1563)

• Re-asserts the original 39 articles (1536), which had created the Anglican church under Henry VIII

• Consolidates the official theology of Anglicanism – ensuring that it does not come under the influence of further reforms.

• Thus, Anglicanism can be seen to enforce the basic reforms of Protestantism, while maintaining much of the original Catholic tradition. In this way, it become attractive to both Catholics and Reformist protestants – creating a mainstream, middle way which appealed to both religions.

Mary Queen of Scots

Philip V

Spanish Armada (1588)

Elizabeth at Tilbury

Tilbury speech (1588)My loving people,... Let tyrants fear. I have always so behaved myself that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good-will of my subjects; and therefore I am come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live and die amongst you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood, even in the dust.I know I have the body of a weak, feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonour shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field.… we shall shortly have a famous victory over these enemies of my God, of my kingdom, and of my people.