The Rise Of Fascism

Enter Benito MussoliniEnter Adolph HitlerTargeting the Jews

The Rise Of Fascism in Italy Fascism is a political

belief that places the success of a nation over its population

A country’s central government is supreme and power resides in the hands of one individual (dictator)

Business and wealthy elites are valued in this system for their economic worth to the state

The Rise Of Fascism in Italy

Italy believes it was shortchanged under the Treaty of Versailles

Italy as well as Europe is suffering from an economic depression in the 1920’s –30’s

Finally, the Italian people are looking for a return to greatness, power and prestige

Enter Benito Mussolini

A troubled, disenchanted young man who avoids military service twice

1909, he begins writing for a socialist newspaper

1921 elected to parliament He is strongly supported by

wealthy businessmen and large land owners because he uses war veterans to maintain order

The Black Shirts serve as a paramilitary force for Mussolini

Enter Benito Mussolini

October 1922, Mussolini is appointed Prime Minster because he can influence the fascists party

He becomes dictator of Italy by controlling the press, a partnership with the rich and by promising a return to Rome’s greatness

He controls the press, has teachers swear an oath of loyalty to the fascists party and maintains order through intimidation

The Roman Question

To appease the Catholic Church, Mussolini acknowledged its independent sovereignty and recognized the Vatican City

Roman Catholicism would be the Italian religion and Italy would make financial payments to the Church for past discretions

The Roman Question

He sets up a puppet regime in Albania, colonizes Libya, and invades Ethiopia in 1936

In Ethiopia, Italy commits numerous atrocities Uses gas on civilians Throws guerilla fighters

from flying planes Impale and behead

resistance fighters Uses concentration camps

The Roman Question

The Ethiopians will be no match for modern weapons and it is conquered in 1936

Britian and France will not sell materials that will aid the Italians create weapons

Both fear that Italy will form an alliance with Germany

In 1939 Italy signs the Pact of Steel with Germany

Enter Adolph Hitler

Adolph Hitler, an unsuccessful painter finds himself in WWI

Unemployed after the war, he blames the Treaty of Versailles and Jews for Germany’s fate

It is speaking for the German Worker’s Party that he realizes he has a gift for making speeches and drama

Enter Adolph Hitler

November 1923, Hitler and the Nazi party attempt to over throw the German government in the Beer Hall Putsch

Hitler will be imprisoned and write Mein Kampf , which explains his hatred for the Jew and Russia

Hitler seizes control of the National Socialist Party the largest political party in Germany

Enter Adolph Hitler Hitler jockeys for position

among others vying for power and favor from President Hindenburg

In 1933, Hitler becomes Chancellor and begins to concentrate power within his office

As leader of the Nazi party, Hitler eliminates his opponents during the “Night of the Long Knives”, 1934

Over 1,000 loyalists killed and Hitler’s power is now without question

Targeting the Jews 1933, the Reichstag,

Germany’s parliament building is set ablaze by an idiotic communist sympathizer

Hitler plays on the people’s fear of disorder and seizes control of government through “The Law of Removing Distress of The People of The Reich”

Hitler’s SS made sure that parliamentary members voted the right way

Enter Adolph Hitler

As chancellor Hitler consolidates power his power by ending political parties and unions, censorship, and abolishing parliament

Hitler will use his SA (Sturmabteilung) and the SS (Shutzstaffel) to maintain control over critics

On the death of President Hindenburg, Hitler becomes “furhrer” or the leader of Germany by creating a law that allows Hitler to assume control of Germany in 1933

Enter Adolph Hitler Hitler introduced The Four

Year Plan which was to expand Germany, build it’s army and recover its economy

It’s economy saw complete employment as it produced war materials and its army grew in relation to its economic growth

Germany lacked the industrial capital necessary to achieve complete economic prosperity

Hermann Goering Hermann Goering, WWI

veteran and man of connections

Will oversee the Four Year Plan and act as intermediary between business and Nazi leadership

He will be responsible for rebuilding the Lufftwaffe and the secret police (Gestapo)

Shortsighted lacks understanding of air superiority in modern warfare

Heinrich Hammer

Heinrich Hammer is commander of the SS and Gestapo

He will be the officer in charge of the concentration system and is responsible for 12 million deaths

Like all followers of Hitler, men like Himmler sought to consolidate power around themselves

Heinrich Hammer The Gestapo’s main purpose

was to silence opposition to Hitler in the early 1930’s

During WWII main purpose was to round up Jews and to eliminate undesirables in countries conquerored by Germany

Gestapo best known for its brutal interrogation methods and use of informants to gather intelligence

Joseph Goebbels

Joseph Goebbels, heads the Ministry of Propaganda

Produced massive displays of organized rallies to instill loyalty

Pushed the “doctrine of Aryan purity” and identified homosexuals, Jews, immigrants and the mentally ill as threats to racial purity

Targeting the Jews May 10, 1933, “Burning

of The Books”, German college students burn books that are considered “un-German”

Most works that are targeted are by Jewish authors

This occurs throughout on college campuses throughout Germany

Targeting the Jews

The Nuremberg Laws, 1935 denied Jews the right to German citizenship, the right to marry non-Jews and the right to work in certain occupations

Jews were also prohibited from teaching or attending schools

Nazi propaganda services issued id charts that help Germans distinguish Jews and other non-desirables

Targeting the Jews

Kristallnacht, “Night of the Broken Glass” Nov. 9, 1938 was a planned assault on Jewish peoples in German

Synagogues, businesses, cemeteries and homes were looted and vandalized

Dozens of Jews were killed and 30,000 men were sent to concentration camps

Targeting the Jews