Renewable energy technologies in power generation

By Sekar.k

viknesh.k

Contents

• Introduction

• Wind energy

• Solar energy

Introduction

Introduction

• Renewable Energy – “any sustainable energy source that comes from natural

environment.”

• Some Aspects of Renewable Energy

– It exists perpetually and in abundant in the environment

– Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible

– It is a clean alternative to fossil fuels

– “energy that is derived from natural process that are replenished

constantly” -- defined by the RENEWABLE ENERGY WORKING

IntroductionContribution of Renewable Energy in World Electricity Production

Introduction

• Major Renewable Energy Sources Hydro Energy Wind Energy Solar Energy Biomass Energy Tidal Energy Geothermal Energy Wave Energy Bio-fuel Biogases

Present Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy Sources in India

Renewable Energy Source Present Installed Capacity

Wind 10200 MW

Small Hydro 2100 MW

Biogases 750 MW

Biomass 620 MW

Solar 2 MW

Total RE Installed Capacity – 13672 MW

INTRODUCTION

Solar Panels Wind Turbine Generators

Wind Energy

Wind Energy - Technology

Differential heating of the earth’s surface and atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal air currents that are affected by the earth’s rotation and contours of the land and generates WIND. A wind turbine obtains its power input by converting the force of the wind into a torque (turning force) acting on the rotor blades. The amount of energy which the wind transfers to the rotor depends on the density of the air, the rotor area, and the wind speed.PLF of Wind Farm is normally in the range of 20 % to 30% depending upon the site conditions and WTG rating.

P Power

ρ Air Density (kg/m3)

A Blade Area -turbine (m2)

V Wind velocity (m/s)

P = 0.5 X ρ X A X V3

Wind Energy – Present Scenario

Major Components of Wind Turbine

Wind Energy – Present Scenario

Wind Power – Fastest growing renewable energy sourceGlobally, it grew at the average rate of 27 % pa over the past 10 years.While in India it grew at the average rate of 33% over the past 9 years.Presently, India is ranked 4th in the world in terms of Wind Energy Installed Capacity

Drivers of growthEnvironmental Awareness and Sustainable DevelopmentGrowing Global Energy Demand Improving Competitiveness of renewable energySecurity of Supply ConcernsNew Markets (e.g. India, China etc)Carbon TradingFiscal Benefits by Govt. (PTC, feed in tariffs, etc)

Solar Energy

Solar Energy - Technology

Solar power is by far the Earth's most available energy source, easily capable of

providing many times the total current energy demand.Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.Two main commercial ways of conversion of sunlight into electricity.

Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)Photovoltaic Plants (PV)

CSP and PV both have their markets. PV is very successful in decentralized

applications, whereas CSP offers advantages for central and large-scale

applications. CSP power plants are the most cost-efficient way to generate and

to store dispatch able CO2-free electricity. However, there is no competition

between both. Rather, they have to be seen as complementary technologies. PLF of CSP – In the range of 20 % to 30 % PLF of PV – In the range of 15 % to 20 %

Solar Energy - Technology Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant

(CSP)

It contains; Collector Field Turbine Generator Cooling Tower Transformer

Solar Energy - Technology

Solar Photovoltaic Plants (PV) It contains;

Solar ArraysInverterTransformer

Solar Energy - Technology

In both CSP and PV technologies, solar resources plays major role. Maps are available to calculate solar resource of a particular region. However, for both

CSP and PV technologies different solar radiations are taken into account. Basically two types of solar radiations are there;

Global Horizontal irradiations (GHI) Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)

For PV technologies GHI is considered. GHI consists of diffuse radiations and direct horizontal radiations (beam). Minimum GHI – 1000 kwh/m2 pa For CSP, DNI is considered. DNI is the amount of radiation received by a surface which is permanently aligned perpendicular to the incoming beam. Minimum DNI – 1900 kwh/m2 pa

Solar Energy - Technology

A typical DNI irradiation Map for India which is used to find a feasible site for CSP Plant.

A typical GHI irradiation Map for India which is used to find a feasible site for PV Plant.

Solar Energy - Technology• The total installed capacity of solar

power (Both CSP and PV) as of 2008 is

2826 MW.

• In India the total installed capacity of

solar power is around 2 MW.

• In India, various government and private

players have entered into CSP and PV

markets.

• MNRE has set a target to establish at

least 50 MW of solar projects during the

11th plan.

Thank you