Renewable energy options – biogas, wind & wave
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Transcript of Renewable energy options – biogas, wind & wave
Renewable Energy Options – Biogas, Wind & Wave
Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency (RE3) and Energy Planning Training Programme
Digana, Kandy
15 - 17 September 2011
Namiz MusaferCountry ManagerPractical Action ConsultingJanathakshan
Biogas
• Organic matter fermented under anaerobic (and some other) conditions could generate biogas
• This is a mixture of gasesCH4 – 55-70%
CO2 – 30% - 40%
H2S, H2O, H2, N2 etc - Rest
Common Organic Matter
• Kitchen/Canteen Waste
• Sewerage (Toilets)
• Garden Waste
• Garbage (Municipal)
• Industrial
• Farms (Livestock/Agriculture)
• Water Hyacinth/Salvinia
Biogas - Dimensions
• Waste Management
• Energy
• Agriculture
• Food
• Livelihoods
Biogas Vs Other Gases
• Biogas
• LP Gas
• Natural Gas
• CNG
• LNG
Biogas as Renewable Energy
Biogas is a combustible gas. Can use for
•Cooking
•Lighting
•Refrigeration
•Electricity
•Water Pumping
•Vehicles
•Ironing / Space Heating / Incubators
Electricity/Water Pumps
• We can convert diesel / petrol generators to work with biogas
• Scrub H2S to reduce corrosion of engine parts
• Scrub CO2 to reduce efficient drop
Vehicles
Wind Energy
Wind
• Wind = motion of air
• Air move due to pressure differences in the atmosphere
• Different pressures created due to differential heating
Power in Wind
Power P = ½ ρ A V3 (Theoretical)
A – Swept Area (m2)
ρ – Air density (kg/m3)
V – Wind velocity (m/s)
Average Monthly Wind Speeds
Wind Data
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Win
d S
pe
ed
m/s
Jaffna
Kankesanthurai
Mannar
Kalpitiya
Puliyankulam
Mahailuppallama
Polonnaruw a
Aralaganw illa
Karadiyanaru
Trincomalee
Pattiyapola
Thanamalw ila
Hambanatota
Sevanagala
Important wind speeds
• Start up speed (turn the unloaded rotor)
• Cut-in speed (produces net electricity)
• Rated speed (Produces maximum power output)
• Furling speed (Beyond which generator damages)
• Maximum design speed (System collapse)
Examples
• Hambantota Wind Farm (5)
• Kalpitiya Farm / Proposed Mannar Farm
• 50 small wind systems
• 4 Sri Lankan designs
• 5 clustersUsgala, Weerasolai, Talunna, Rasnayakapura, Ranmuduwewa
• Community wind systems (2)Weniwelara – Rasnayakapura
Marine Energy
• Wave
• Tides
• Ocean Currents
• OTEC
Wave Energy
• Generate fm wind. Wind from solar
• Transmit 1000s kms - little loss
• Vary in intensity, available 24*365
• Technologies rely on up-and-down motion
• First patent in 1799
• Scotland, Portugal, Norway, USA, China, Japan, Australia & India
• Peradeni Campus, OUSL, Maldives/NARA
Tide
• An old form of energy used by human
• Tide mills (Spain, France, Brtain) in 787 A.D
• They consist of a storage pond
• Fill by flood tide (through sluice)
• Empty during outgoing (ebb) tide
• Use a water wheel
• Produce mech power (mill grain)
• Produce electricity
Ocean Currents
• Fisher community familiar with
• Affected due to wind, salinity, temperature, topography of ocean floor, earth's rotation
• Submerged water turbines similar to wind turbines
• Rotor blades, generator, posts/cables anchored to sea floor, concentrators around blades to increase flow, means of transporting electricity to shore
OTEC
• Solar radiation > electricity
• Water layers-Diff temps
• Use nat thermal gradient
• 200C is enough
• Drive a steam cycle
• Warm water pass via heat exchanger & Vaporize low boiling point fluid
• Drive turbine > Power
THANK YOU!Acknowledgements
Minidu Abeysekera