- a list of planned written questions related to a particular topic

 - research instrument consisting of a series of questions

It is easy to construct.1.2. Distribution is easy

and inexpensive.

3. Responses are easy to tabulate.

4. The respondent’s replies are free.

5. Confidential information may be given freely.

6. The respondent can fill out the questionnaire at will.

7. The respondent can give more accurate replies.

The questionnaire can’t be used with those who cannot read

nor write well.

If many respondents may not return the filled up copies of the questionnaire purposely considerable follow ups are necessary.

If the respondents gives wrong information it cannot be corrected at once.

A respondent may leave some questions unanswered because nobody urges him/her to do so.

Some questions may be vague and so the respondent may not

answer them.

The number of choices may be so limited that the respondent may be forced to select responses that are not his/her actual choices.

Construction of a Questionnaire

The Questionnaire

Construction of a Questionnaire

1. Doing library search.

Construction of a Questionnaire

2. Talking to knowledgeable people.

Construction of a Questionnaire

3. Mastering the guidelines.

Construction of a Questionnaire

4. Writing the questionnaire.

Construction of a Questionnaire

5. Editing the questionnaire.

Construction of a Questionnaire

6. Rewriting the questionnaire.

Construction of a Questionnaire

7. Pretesting the questionnaire.

Construction of a Questionnaire

8. Writing the questionnaire in its final form.

Types of Questions Asked in Survey

QuestionnaireThe Questionnaire

According to Form

FreeAnswer

GuidedResponse

Recall Recognition

Dichotomous

MultipleChoice

Multiple Response

According to the kind of data asked for

Descriptive(verbal)

1Quantified(numerical)

2 Intensity ofFeeling, emotion, attitude

3

According to the kind of data asked for

Degree ofJudgement

4Understanding

5Reasoning

6

Guidelines in the Formulation of

Questions for a Questionnaire

The Questionnaire

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

1.Make all directions clear and unequivocal.

2.Use correct grammar.

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

3.Make all questions unequivocal.

4.Avoid asking biased questions.

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

5. Objectify the responses.6. Relate all questions to the

topic under study.

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

7.Create categories or classes for approximate answers.

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

8. Group the questions in logical sequence.

According to specific questions under the statement of the problem

According to categoriesAccording to level of difficultyAccording to successive steps

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

9.Create sufficient number of response categories.

10.Word carefully or avoid questions that deal with confidential or embarrassing information.

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

11.Explain and illustrate difficult questions.

12.State all questions affirmatively.

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

13.Make as many questions as would supply adequate information for the study.

14.Add a catch-all word or phrase to options of multiple response questions.

Guidelines in the Formulation of Questions for a Questionnaire

15.Place all spaces for replies at the left side.

16.Make the respondents anonymous.

Evidence of Misleading Questions

The Questionnaire

Evidence of Misleading Questions

All-or-none responsesConsiderable difference in responses when the order is changed

Evidence of Misleading Questions

High proportion of omission or “no response”

High proportion of “don’t know” or “don’t recall”

Evidence of Misleading Questions

High proportion of “other” answers

Considerable number of added comments

THE COVER LETTERTHE QUESTIONNAIRE

The purpose of the questionnaire or study.

1WHY?

Who is sanctioning, endorsing, or sponsoring the study?

2

What will be done with the information gathered by the questionnaire?

3

The reason why the respondent should answer the questionnaire and giving importance to the respondent.

4

The deadline date for the return of the questionnaire.

5

December JANUARY2014

MARCH

2013APRiL

november 2015

october july

june 2016

A guaranty of the anonymity of the respondent and the confidentiality of the information given by him.

6

?

An expression of gratitude for the respondent’s participation in the study

7

Thank you for your kind response!

An offer to inform the respondent of the results of the study if he is interested.

8

WHO

PURPOSE

COVERLetter

RESULTS

WHAT

WHY

ANONIMITY

GRATITUDE

WHEN

Evaluating the Questionnaire

Evaluating the Questionnaire

1. Is the questionnaire ATTRACTIVE?

2. Is it organized in its proper FORMAT?

3. Is the LENGTH reasonable, and NOT BORING to fill up?

4. Are the questions CLEAR and BRIEF?

5. Are the responses OBJECTIVE?

Evaluating the Questionnaire

6. Are the ESSAY questions reduced to MINIMUM?

7. Are the directions CLEAR?

8. Are the SPACES for replies adequate and aligned at the LEFT side?

9. Are all questions RELEVANT to the study?

Evaluating the Questionnaire

10.Are there enough and ADEQUATE CATEGORIES for approximate replies?

11.Are the questions WORDED CAREFULLY and in correct GRAMMAR?

12.Are all questions stated in the AFFIRMATIVE?

13.Are there adequate and APPROPRIATE OPTIONS/choices for multiple response questions?

Evaluating the Questionnaire

14.Are there CATCH-ALL words or phrases for multiples response questions?

15.Are the respondents ANONYMOUS?

16.Has the questionnaire been pretested and found to be VALID and RELIABLE?

Evaluating the Questionnaire

17.Is the questionnaire free from all sorts of BIAS?

18.Are the data gathered by the questionnaire ADEQUATE for the study?

19.Is there a good COVER LETTER to accompany the questionnaire?

[SAMPLE_QUESTIONN

AIRE]