The Properties of MatterThe Properties of Matter

What is matter?What is matter?

MatterMatter

Everything is made of MATTER!Everything is made of MATTER!Matter is anything that has volume and Matter is anything that has volume and

mass.mass.Volume is the amount of space an object Volume is the amount of space an object

takes up, or occupies.takes up, or occupies.

Measuring the volume of liquidsMeasuring the volume of liquids Liquids have volume. We measure that volume with a Liquids have volume. We measure that volume with a

graduated cylinder.graduated cylinder. Notice the meniscus in the graduated cylinder. Notice the meniscus in the graduated cylinder. Always measure at the bottom of the meniscus!Always measure at the bottom of the meniscus! A liquid in any container has a meniscus.A liquid in any container has a meniscus. Liters (L) and mL (milliliters) are most often used to Liters (L) and mL (milliliters) are most often used to

express the volume of liquids.express the volume of liquids.

Solid VolumeSolid Volume The volume in a solid is The volume in a solid is

always expressed in always expressed in cubic units.cubic units.

Cubic means having Cubic means having “three dimensions.”“three dimensions.”

Cubic meters(mCubic meters(m33) or cubic ) or cubic centimeters(cmcentimeters(cm33) are ) are most often used to most often used to express the volume of a express the volume of a solid.solid.

The 3 in mThe 3 in m33 signifies that signifies that three quantities were three quantities were used to get the final used to get the final result. (That is a derived result. (That is a derived quantity!)quantity!)

If each side in the cube below If each side in the cube below is 2m, what is the volume of is 2m, what is the volume of the cube?the cube?

____________________

The Volume of The Volume of Solids, Liquids, and GasesSolids, Liquids, and Gases

1 mL = 1 cm1 mL = 1 cm33 REMEMBER THAT!REMEMBER THAT! That is why you can compare the volume in That is why you can compare the volume in

liquids to solids.liquids to solids. How do you measure the volume of a gas?How do you measure the volume of a gas? You can’t see, so how do you measure it?You can’t see, so how do you measure it?

ex: balloonex: balloon_____________________`_________________________`____

Matter and MassMatter and Mass What is mass?What is mass? Mass is the amount of Mass is the amount of

matter that something is matter that something is made of.made of.

Even atoms have mass!Even atoms have mass! Looking at the picture…Looking at the picture… The mass stays constant in The mass stays constant in

certain forms of matter such certain forms of matter such as…__________________.as…__________________.

The mass changes in The mass changes in certain forms of matter such certain forms of matter such as…_________________.as…_________________.

What is the difference between mass What is the difference between mass and weight?and weight?

This is an important concept to understand!This is an important concept to understand! Let’s start by understanding gravity.Let’s start by understanding gravity. Gravity is the force of attraction between objects Gravity is the force of attraction between objects

that is due to their masses.that is due to their masses. All matter experiences gravity!All matter experiences gravity! The amount of attraction between two objects The amount of attraction between two objects

depends on their weight.depends on their weight. There is attraction between all objects with There is attraction between all objects with

mass, but since they are so small in reference to mass, but since they are so small in reference to the earth, the attraction between them is also the earth, the attraction between them is also small.small.

So, what about weight?So, what about weight? Weight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted Weight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted

on an object!on an object! Look at Spot and the rock…which one is attracted to the Look at Spot and the rock…which one is attracted to the

earth more through gravitational force? earth more through gravitational force? ________________________________

Which one weighs more? ___________Which one weighs more? ___________ So, this means the greater the gravitational force, the So, this means the greater the gravitational force, the

greater the weight.greater the weight. Which weighsWhich weighs

more? ------->more? ------->

Measuring Weight and MassMeasuring Weight and Mass

The SI unit for mass is kilogram (kg).The SI unit for mass is kilogram (kg).Sometimes we will use milligrams or Sometimes we will use milligrams or

grams. (mg or g)grams. (mg or g)The SI unit for weight (or gravitational The SI unit for weight (or gravitational

force) is NEWTONS.force) is NEWTONS.A Newton is approximately equal to the A Newton is approximately equal to the

weight of a 100 gram mass on earth.weight of a 100 gram mass on earth.

The major differences betweenThe major differences between MASSMASS A measure of the amount A measure of the amount

of matter in object.of matter in object. Always constant, no Always constant, no

matter the location.matter the location. Measured with a balance.Measured with a balance. Expressed in kilograms, Expressed in kilograms,

grams, and milligrams.grams, and milligrams.

WEIGHTWEIGHT A measure of the A measure of the

gravitational force on an gravitational force on an object.object.

Varies depending on Varies depending on where the object is in where the object is in relation to the earth. relation to the earth. Example: ____________Example: ____________

Measured with a spring Measured with a spring scale.scale.

Expressed in Newtons.Expressed in Newtons.

Mass is a measure of InertiaMass is a measure of Inertia What in the world is inertia?What in the world is inertia? Ever try to move a car? Yeah, it is difficult!Ever try to move a car? Yeah, it is difficult! That is because of inertia!That is because of inertia! Inertia is the tendency of all object to resist a change in Inertia is the tendency of all object to resist a change in

motion.motion. This will cause objects that are still to remain still, and This will cause objects that are still to remain still, and

allow objects that are moving to continue moving.allow objects that are moving to continue moving. Mass is a measure of inertia because the greater the Mass is a measure of inertia because the greater the

mass of an object…the more difficult it is to move.mass of an object…the more difficult it is to move.

Describing MatterDescribing Matter

• Knowing the characteristics or properties Knowing the characteristics or properties of an object can help you identify the of an object can help you identify the object.object.

• There are: There are: • Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties• Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties Things that describe the object are physical Things that describe the object are physical

properties.properties. Physical properties can also be observed or Physical properties can also be observed or

measured without changing the identity of the measured without changing the identity of the matter.matter.

Examples of physical properties include: color, Examples of physical properties include: color, odor, size, state, density, solubility, melting odor, size, state, density, solubility, melting point, etc…point, etc…

Spotlight on DensitySpotlight on Density

Density is a very helpful physical property.Density is a very helpful physical property.Density = mass per unit of volume or Density = mass per unit of volume or

Density = mass/volumeDensity = mass/volumeDensity is an excellent help in identifying Density is an excellent help in identifying

substances because each substance has substances because each substance has its own density.its own density.

If Density = mass/volumeIf Density = mass/volume

Then mass = volume x density Then mass = volume x density ororm = v x dm = v x d

• AND volume = mass/densityAND volume = mass/densityororvolume =volume = m m

VV

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Chemical properties describe a substance based on its Chemical properties describe a substance based on its

ability to change into a new substance with different ability to change into a new substance with different properties.properties.

Ex: wood burns to form ash and smokeEx: wood burns to form ash and smoke Chemical properties cannot be observed with your Chemical properties cannot be observed with your

senses.senses. Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as

physical properties.physical properties. Examples of chemical properties: flammability and Examples of chemical properties: flammability and

reactivity reactivity

Characteristic PropertiesCharacteristic Properties The properties that are most useful in identifying The properties that are most useful in identifying

a substance are its characteristic properties. a substance are its characteristic properties. Remember the difference between physical and Remember the difference between physical and

chemical properties. chemical properties. Physical properties can be observed! (with your Physical properties can be observed! (with your

eyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT eyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE!CHANGE!

You can observe chemical properties only in You can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance situations in which the identity of the substance could change.could change.

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes A physical change is a change that affects one or more A physical change is a change that affects one or more

physical properties of a substance.physical properties of a substance. Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice

melting or sugar dissolvingmelting or sugar dissolving Physical changes are easy to undo.Physical changes are easy to undo.

Chemical ChangesChemical Changes A chemical change occurs when one or more A chemical change occurs when one or more

substances are changed into entirely new substances substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties.with different properties.

You can observe chemical properties only when a You can observe chemical properties only when a chemical change might occur!chemical change might occur!

Examples of chem. changes:Examples of chem. changes:baking a cakebaking a cakerustingrusting

Clues to chemical changesClues to chemical changes

Color changeColor changeFizzing or bubbling (gas production)Fizzing or bubbling (gas production)HeatHeatProduction of light, sound, or odor.Production of light, sound, or odor.

Chemical changes are not usually Chemical changes are not usually reversible!reversible!