Properties Properties of Matter of Matter

General (Physical) PropertiesGeneral (Physical) Properties

Physical properties may Physical properties may be observed without be observed without changing the nature of changing the nature of the matter.the matter.

What are Physical Properties?What are Physical Properties?

Properties you can seeProperties you can see color, shape, hardness, and color, shape, hardness, and

texturetexture

Properties that are easily Properties that are easily measured measured

mass, volume, density, melting mass, volume, density, melting point, boiling pointpoint, boiling point

Examples of Physical PropertiesExamples of Physical Properties

boiling point boiling point – The liquid is still the same substanceThe liquid is still the same substance– After a liquid boils, the vapor may be condensed After a liquid boils, the vapor may be condensed

to get the liquid backto get the liquid back– Freezing and melting happen at the same Freezing and melting happen at the same

temperature. temperature.

freezing point = melting pointfreezing point = melting point

What is a fluid?What is a fluid?

Fluids:Fluids:– includes liquids and gasesincludes liquids and gases– can flow and take shape of their container can flow and take shape of their container

LiquidLiquid GasGas

Properties of fluidsProperties of fluids

viscosityviscosity – resistance to flow – resistance to flow – Example: water is less viscous than honey Example: water is less viscous than honey – depends on temperature depends on temperature

heating a fluid lowers viscosity;heating a fluid lowers viscosity; cooling a fluid increases it’s viscosity. cooling a fluid increases it’s viscosity. Example: Warm honey flows more easily than cold honey.Example: Warm honey flows more easily than cold honey.

buoyancybuoyancy – ability of a fluid to exert an – ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it.upward force on an object immersed in it.

Properties of solids, liquids and gasesProperties of solids, liquids and gases

DensityDensity – mass per unit volume – mass per unit volume depends on temperaturedepends on temperature

heating a material decreases its density; heating a material decreases its density; cooling a material increases its densitycooling a material increases its density

remains the same regardless of how much remains the same regardless of how much material is present material is present Example: 1mL of water has the same density as a Example: 1mL of water has the same density as a

lake full of water.lake full of water.

DensityDensity

whether something sinks or floats whether something sinks or floats determines determines

materials that are less dense will float materials that are less dense will float on denser materialson denser materials

Materials that are more dense sinkMaterials that are more dense sink oil floats on water because it is less dense oil floats on water because it is less dense

than water;than water; a helium balloon floats in air because the a helium balloon floats in air because the

density of the helium in the balloon is less density of the helium in the balloon is less than the density of air in the same size than the density of air in the same size balloonballoon

Understanding the Densities Understanding the Densities of solids, liquids and gasesof solids, liquids and gases

How to measure mass and volume?How to measure mass and volume?

Mass is measured on a balance or scale.Mass is measured on a balance or scale.– Common units are grams, milligrams, and kilogramsCommon units are grams, milligrams, and kilograms

Liquid volume is measured with a Liquid volume is measured with a graduated cylinder. graduated cylinder. – Common units are liters and millilitersCommon units are liters and milliliters

Solid volumes may be calculated with Solid volumes may be calculated with formulas or by water displacement formulas or by water displacement – Common units are cmCommon units are cm33 or milliliters. or milliliters.

Finding Volume DisplacementFinding Volume Displacement

A wooden block A wooden block raises the level of the raises the level of the liquid in the graduated liquid in the graduated cylinder from 150ml to cylinder from 150ml to 180ml. 180ml.

What is the volume of What is the volume of the block?the block?

180ml 180ml – – 150ml 150ml 30ml30ml

Measuring Volume with a FormulaMeasuring Volume with a Formula

A wood block as in the last example has sides A wood block as in the last example has sides that are 2cm wide, 5cm long, and 3cm high. that are 2cm wide, 5cm long, and 3cm high.

What is the volume of the block?What is the volume of the block?– Use the formula l x w x hUse the formula l x w x h– The answer will be in cmThe answer will be in cm33

2cm x 5cm x 3cm = 30cm2cm x 5cm x 3cm = 30cm33

Let’s Try Some Density ProblemsLet’s Try Some Density Problems

1)1) If the mass of a rock is 500g and its volume is If the mass of a rock is 500g and its volume is 25cm25cm33 . .

What is its density?What is its density?

2)2) If the density of a liquid is 1.2 g/ml and its If the density of a liquid is 1.2 g/ml and its volume is 10ml.volume is 10ml.

What is its mass?What is its mass?

2)2) If Bob’s mass is 80kg and his density is 1.6kg/l. If Bob’s mass is 80kg and his density is 1.6kg/l. What is his volume?What is his volume?

Calculating DensityCalculating Density

m

D v

Answers: D = m ÷ vAnswers: D = m ÷ v

1) 500g ÷ 25cm1) 500g ÷ 25cm3 3 = =

20g/cm20g/cm3 3

2) 1.2g/ml x 10ml = 2) 1.2g/ml x 10ml = 12g12g

3) 80kg 3) 80kg ÷ 1.6kg/l = ÷ 1.6kg/l =

50L50L

m

D v

PHASES OF MATTERPHASES OF MATTER

The most common phases of matter are The most common phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gassolid, liquid, and gas

Plasma is a high energy phase found in Plasma is a high energy phase found in starsstars

When a substance changes phase, When a substance changes phase, energy (heat) is lost or gained, but energy (heat) is lost or gained, but temperature remains the same.temperature remains the same.

States of Matter

Types of Phase ChangesTypes of Phase Changes

Solid to liquid: meltingSolid to liquid: melting

Liquid to gas: vaporizationLiquid to gas: vaporization

Example-- steamExample-- steam

More Phase ChangesMore Phase Changes

Gas to liquid: condensation Gas to liquid: condensation example -- cloudsexample -- clouds

Liquid to solid: freezingLiquid to solid: freezing example – snow or iceexample – snow or ice

Solid to gas: sublimationSolid to gas: sublimation example -- dry iceexample -- dry ice

Temperature Doesn’t Change Temperature Doesn’t Change During a Phase Change!During a Phase Change!

THE THE

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