The Present Perfect Tense ( for, since, so far, up till ... · The Present Perfect Tense ( for,...
Transcript of The Present Perfect Tense ( for, since, so far, up till ... · The Present Perfect Tense ( for,...
The Present Perfect Tense ( for, since, so far, up till now, untill now,already,yet,just,ever,never,
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Türkçe’de karşıtı bulunmamakatadır. Bu zaman iki kısımdan meydana gelir.
Brincisi ‘have_has yardımcı fiilidir. Ikincisi ise fiilin üçüncü halidir Present Perfect
Tense geçmiş ile şu an arasındaki bailantıyı göstermek için kullanılır. Eylem daha önce
başlamıştır ama belirsizdir ve eylemin kendisinden çok sonucu önemlidir. Bu tense şu
hallerde kullanılır.
I have read the book.
She has watched Tv.
Olumlu Cümle
(Subject — have / has — verb3)
You haven’t played tennis.
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The Present Perfect Tense ( for, since, so far, up till now, untill now,already,yet,just,ever,never,
He hasn’t drunk the water.
Olumuz Cümle
(Subject — have not/has not— verb 3)
Have you gone to London?
Has she studied English?
Soru Cümlesi
(Have/ Has— Subject — Verb 3)
Haven’t we played basketball?
Hasn’t he watched film?
Present Perfect Tense Nerelerde Kullanılır ?
Present perfect tense, geçmişte, belirsiz bir zamanda, yapılmış ya da hiç yapılmamış
bir eylemi ifade ederken kullanılır. Eylemlerin ne zaman yapıldıiı Present Perfect
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Tense’de önemli deiildir ve belirtilmez. Eier geçmişte belirli bir zaman belirtilmesi
gerekiyorsa, ya da eylemin ne zaman yapıldıiı belirtilmek isteniyorsa, Simple Past
Tense kullanılır.
• They have moved to a new apartment. They moved there last week.
• I have washed the car
• I have met Bill’s wife. I met her at a party last night.
Olumsuz Soru Cümlesi
(have not/has not — subject — verb 3)
For , since, so far, up till now, untill now ile kullanıldıiında present perfect tense
geçmişte başlayıp içinde bulunduiumuz ana kadar devem etmekte olan bir eylemden
bahsetmek için kullanılır.
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The Present Perfect Tense ( for, since, so far, up till now, untill now,already,yet,just,ever,never,
• I have been here since 9 o’clock.
• They have been married for 25 years.
• I haven’t seen my uncle since 1990.
The present perfect tense geçmiş ve şimdiki zaman arasında, kesin zamanlarbelirtmeksizin,
tekrarlanmış olan eylemlerden bahsederken kullanılır.
• I have seen that movie four times.
• The telephone has rung six times since this morning.
Bahsedilen zaman dilimi henüz bitmemiş ise present perfect tense kullanılır.
• I haven’t seen Tom this morning. (It’s still this morning)
• My grandfather has written many novels. (He is still alive and writing novels)
• It has rained a lot this year.
• Jane hasn’t called me today.
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Present perfect tense çok kısa bir süre önce tamamlanmış,geçerliliiini hala koruyan
eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.
• I have just eaten a sandwich. ( I am not hungry now).
SINCE ve FOR ile kullanımı
Bir eylemin ne kadar süredir devam ettiiini söylerken since ya da for kullanırız.
Since belli bir zaman,belli bir tarih ya da belli bir gün belirtildiiinde kullanılır.
Pazartesiden beri, 1990’dan beri gibi. For ise tam kesin zaman belirtilmediiinde kullanılır.
Bir kaç gündür, 2 yıldır gibi.
I haven’t seen Tom since 1999.
I have been in Ankara since
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The Present Perfect Tense ( for, since, so far, up till now, untill now,already,yet,just,ever,never,
For da present perfect tense ile kullanıldıiıda, bir eylemin geçmişte başlayıp, şu
ana kadar devam etmekte olduiunu ifade etmek için kullanılır. For ile birlikte two
minutes, three hours, four days, five years gibi zamanın uzunluiunu ifade eden yapılar
kullanılır.
FOR + A LENGTH OF TIME
ALREADY, YET, JUST, EVER ve NEVER ile kullanımı
EVER
1. soru cümlelerinde
• Have you ever been to Paris ?
• Has she ever met John?
2. olumsuz sorularda
• Haven’t they ever been to Turkey?
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• Hasn’t she ever met John?
3. olumsuz yapılarda : nothing .......ever , nobody ........ever.
• Nobody has ever climbed to that mountain before.
• Nothing has ever been done
4. “the first time .....” gibi yapılarda
• This is the first time I have ever played golf.
• It’s the first time I have ever been to England.
5. superlative yapılarda
• Helen is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
• Istanbul is the most beautiful city I have ever visited. kullanılır.
I have been in Ankara for ten minutes. two hours ten days about two years several weeksmany years years
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NEVER “daha önce hiç...” anlamında kullanılır. Never olumsuz bir zarf tır ve not
ile birlikte kullanılmamalıdır.
I have never eaten caviar.
She has never failed any exams.
ALREADY bir eylemin halihazırda ( beklenenden önce) yapılmış olduiunu ve artık
yapılmasının gereksiz olduiunu ifade etmek içim kullanılır.
• We”ve already had our breakfast.
(Kahvaltımızı çoktan ettik.)
• I”ve already done my homework.
(Ödevimi çoktan yaptım.)
• Have you already finished your homework?
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• I have seen that movie already.
YET bir eylemin şu ana kadar henüz yapılmamış olduiunu, ama gelelecekte
yapılabileceiini ya da olabileceiini ifade etmek için kullanılır. Yet cümlenin sonunda
kullanılır.
- Has the post arrived yet?
(Posta daha gelmedi mi?)
- Have you done your homework?
(Ödevini yaptın mı?)
Not yet.
(Henüz deiil.)
- Haven”t you got ready yet? Look at the timei
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(Hala hazır deiil misin? Saate baki)
• Have you seen Eric yet?
• Has he arrived yet?
JUST eylemin daha çok kıza bir süre önce tamamlandıiını, henüz olduiunu ifade
etmek için kullanılır.
• I have just eaten a sandwich.
• They have just gone out.
EXERCISE. A.
Make questions with How long as in the example?
ALI$TIRMA. A.
Örnekte olduiu gibi how long kullanarak sorular oluşturunuz
I live in Ankara?
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How long have you lived there?
My sister is a teacher.
1. …………………………………………..
2. I work as an engineer.
…………………………………………..
3. I know Tom.
…………………………………………..
4. She heaches English
…………………………………………..
5. It rains in Ankara
…………………………………………..
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BEEN / GONE
I have been to istanbul: istanbul’da bulundum. (geçmiş tarihlerde)
Susan has gone to the hairdresser’s. Suzan kuaföre gitti. (hâlâ orada bulunuyor)
Been yapısında eylem icra edilip dönülmüş anlamı var.
EXERCISE B.
Complete the sentences with been or gone.
Have you even been in trouble?
Have you ever cheated on an exam?
Have you ever climbed a mountain?
Have you even gotten a tattoo?
Have you ever won a competition?
Have you ever studied in another country?
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ALI$TIRMA B.
Cümleleri been veya gone ile tamamlayınız.
Have you ever………….to istanbul?
She isn’t at home. She has……………to the cinema.
The train is about to leave. Where have you…………today?
They have …………..to Turkey three or four times.
Is Mary in? No, she isn’t. She’s ……………..to the market.
EXERCISE C.
Fill in the blanks with for-since- just-yet-already-ever- once-twice-recently
ALI$TIRMA C.
Boşlukları since-for-just-yet-already-ever-once-recently ile tamamlayınız.
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She has .................................. missed the train.
I haven’t seen that film ...................
I have been a teacher…………. 10 years.
I haven’t seen Jack …………….last Sunday.
Have you…………..drunk Ayran?
I haven’t drunk Cola…………….2008.
How often do you go to the cinema?.................a week.
We have ……………done our homework.
When did you go there?
Present perfect tense, geçmişte, belirsiz bir zamanda, yapılmış ya da hiç yapılmamış
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The Present Perfect Tense ( for, since, so far, up till now, untill now,already,yet,just,ever,never,
bir eylemi ifade ederken kullanılır. Eylemlerin ne zaman yapıldıiı Present Perfect
Tense’de önemli deiildir ve belirtilmez. Eier geçmişte belirli bir zaman belirtilmesi
gerekiyorsa, ya da eylemin ne zaman yapıldıiı belirtilmek isteniyorsa, Simple Past
Tense kullanılır.
• They have moved to a new apartment. They moved there last week.
• I have washed the car.
• I have met Bill’s wife. I met her at a party last night.
Aşaiıdaki kısa konuşmaları okuyup bu farkı anlamaya çalışınız.
TOM: I have been to London.
TOM: Londra’da bulundum.
MARY: Reallyi When did you visit London?
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MARY: Gerçekten mii Londra’yı ne zaman ziyaret ettin?
TOM: I visited London four weeks ago.
TOM: Londra’yı dört hafta önce ziyaret ettim.
MARY: What was like it?
MARY: Londra nasıl bir şehirdi?
TOM: It was wonderful.
TOM: Harika bir şehirdi.
AHMET: Have ever seen a big snake?
AHMET: Hiç büyük yılan gördün mü?
Ali: Yes, I have.
Ali: Evet, gördüm.
AHMET: When did you see a big snake?
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AHMET: Ne zaman büyük bir yılan gördün?
Ali: I saw a big snake when we were visiting a forest.
ALi: Ormanı ziyaret ederken büyük bir yılan gördüm.
EXERCISES A
Read the dialogue between Ali and Cindy and answer the questions?
ALI$TIRMA A
Ali ile Cindy arasındaki konuşmayı okuyun ve soruları cevaplayınız?
ALi : Have you ever been to Turkey?
CINDY : Yes, certainly, I’ve been to Turkey two times.
ALi : Have you visited Mount Nemrut?
CINDY : Yes, I have, it is very nice. There are statues on top of the mountain.
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ALi : Which season have you visited Nemrut?
CINDY : It was Summer.
ALi : Have you ever eaten Döner Kebap?
CINDY : No, I haven’t eaten Döner Kebap but I’ve eaten shish kebap.
ALi : Have you ever listened to the Turkish folk music?
CINDY : Yes, I bought some CD’s.
True or false
Cindy has been to Turkey three times.
Cindy hasn’t visited Mount Airı
Cindy has eaten Shish kebap
Cind has bough some Turkish songs.
Cindy visited Mount Nemrut in Winter.
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EXERCISE B
Hande is staying with her uncle in istanbul. Read her letter to her penfriend and
mark the statements true or false.
ALI$TIRMA B
Hande amcacasının yanında istanbul’da kalıyor. Hande’nin arkadaşına yazdıiı
mektubu okuyun ve soruları doiru / yanlış işaretleyin.
Dear Müesser,
I have been in istanbul for five days now and I’m spending a very
good time. So far, I have visited many places such as the Grand Bazaar,
Hagias Sophia, Topkapı Palace. I must add that there is still a lot to visit
in istanbul. We went to Topkapı Palace, the Grand Bazaar and Hagias
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Sophia yesterday, it was very exciting I have had a very nice day. I bought
some postcards and presents to send you. Topkapı Palace was built by
Sultan Mehmed II after he conquered Constantinople in 1453. The
Topkapı Palace was not only the residence of the Sultans, it was also the
administrative centre. Later it also became a seat of art and culture.
The Hagias Sophia is not only one of Turkey`s national treasures, but
one of the greatest monuments of the world. Many tourists from all over
the world visit Hagias Sophia every year. The Grand Bazaar in Turkey dates back to
1464 to the times of Sultan Mehmed II şThe Conquerorş. Through the ages, the Bazaar
has been ravaged by numerous fires and earthquakes and has undergone extensive
renovation. Nowadays, the Grand Bazaar is a shopping centre. You can find every kind
of stuff there. It is worth seeing. The atmosphere in the Bazaar is very authetenthic.
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I hope you can come to istanbul soon and we can discover other historical places of
istanbul. I am sure you will enjoy it.
With my best wishes.
WORDLIST
UNIT ONE
father/dad : baba
mother/mum : anne
brother : erkek kardeş
sister : kız kardeş
aunt : yenge, hala, teyze
uncle : amca, dayı, enişte
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cousin : kuzen
grandfather : dede
grandmother : büyükanne
husband : eş(bay)
wife : eş (bayan)
son : erkek evlat
daughter : kız evlat
grandparents : dede ve nene
parents : anne ve baba
climb : tırmanmak
cook : pişirmek (yemek)
visit : ziyaret etmek
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ride (a horse) : ata binmek
driving licence : sürücü ehliyeti
opera : opera
meet : karşılaşmak
get on (a bus) : otobüse binmek
truth : gerçek
kangaroo : kanguru
mushroom : mantar
camel : deve
surprised : hayret etmiş, şaşırmış
hospitality : misafirperverlik
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ınteresting : ilginç
historical : tarihi
bospohorus : istanbul boiazı
marvellous : mükemmel
bath : banyo, hamam
delicious : lezzetli
make friends : arkadaş olmak
motorbike : motorsiklet
have an accident : kaza geçirmek
actress : aktrist
fast : süratli
luxurious : lüks, konforlu
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handsome : yakışıklı
crowded : kalabalık
skirt : etek
wear : giymek
prime minister : başbakan
happy : mutlu
simple : sade, basit
humble : alçak gönüllü
narrow : dar
friendly : arkadaşça, candan
clever : zeki
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severe : ciddi
accurate : doiru, kesin
poster : afiş, poster
concert : konser
famous : ünlü
singer : şarkıcı
band : orkestra
ticket : bilet
pay : ödemek
ambition : hırs
confidence : güven
marriage : evlilik
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traditional family : geleneksel aile
error : hata
proud : gurur
find out : bulmak
in my opinion : benim düşünceme göre
it seems to met hat : bana öyle geliyorki
native speaker : ana dili konuşan
purpose : amaç
skill : beceri
strength : güç
obviously : açık bir şekilde
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expensive : pahalı
TEST I
1) Have you ………….been to Germany?
A) just
B) never
C) ever
D) yet
2) Has she taken the exam?
…………………………………………
A) Yes, she does.
B) No, she doesn’t.
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C) No, she isn’t.
D) Yes, she has.
3) When ……….they ………..the accident?
A) have / had
B) do / have
C) are / having
D) did / have
4) The students ….. …just …………their exam.
A) have / finish
B) has / finished
C) have / finished
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D) has / finish
5) I met her ……………………… .
A) just
B) a week ago
C) tomorrow
D) yet
6) He is the …………… pop singer I …..……..known.
A) best / have / ever
B) better / have / never
C) good / have / yet
D) best / has / never
7) This is …………… exam I have ever taken.
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A) the better
B) the worst
C) the bad
D) worst
8) What is ………………subject for you?
A) more difficult
B) most difficult
C) the more difficult
D) the most difficult
9) It is the …………interesting film I have …………………..seen.
A) more / just
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B) more / ever
C) most / never
D) most / ever
10) …………she………………..her grandparents last Sunday?
A) Has / visited
B) Is / visiting
C) Did / visit
D) Does / visit
TEST I 1) C2) D3) A4) B5) B6) A7) B8) D9) D10) C
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