THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE>

Федеральное агентство по образованию Российской Федерации

Филиал «СЕВМАШВТУЗ»

государственного образовательного учреждения

высшего профессионального образования «Санкт-Петербургский

государственный морской технический университет» в г. Северодвинске

И.Я. Дерягина

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Сборник упражнений по грамматике

для практических занятий студентов

1 курса очной формы обучения

Северодвинск

2009 г.

2

УДК 4Р (075.8)

Дерягина И.Я. Английкий язык. Сборник упражнений по грамматике для

практических занятий студентов 1 курса очной формы обучения.

Северодвинск. Севмашвтуз, 2009. – 53 стр.

Рецензенты: Преподаватель английского языка высшей квалификационной

категории МОУ СГГ, член экспертного совета при ГОРУО

г. Северодвинска Е.В. Бойкова

доцент кафедры иностранных языков Севмашвтуза

Л.В. Мельникова

Данное пособие представляет собой сборник упражнений по грамматике

предназначенный для аудиторной и самостоятельной практической работы. В

сборник включены задания по основным разделам грамматики:

существительное, местоимение, глагол.

Наряду с практическими упражнениями в сборник входят:

грамматический комментарий, тестовые задания для самоконтроля студентов и

задания для самостоятельной работы дома.

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Севмашвтуза.

© Севмашвтуз, 2009 г.

3

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Грамматический комментарий 4

I. The group of Indefinite Tenses. 12

II. The Pronoun. 23

III. The group of Continuous Tenses. 33

IV. The group of Perfect Tenses. 43

4

Грамматический комментарий

Глагол to be

Present Indefinite (Simple)

Утвердительное

предложение

Отрицательное


Вопросительное


I am (I’m)

You are (you’re)

He is (he’s)

She is (she’s)

It is (it’s)

We are (we’re)

They are (they’re)

I am not (I’m not)

You are not (you aren’t)

He is not (he isn’t)

She is not (she isn’t)

It is not (it isn’t)

We are not (we aren’t)

They are not (they aren’t)

Am I?

Are you?

Is he?

Is she?

Is it?

Are we?

Are they?

Past Indefinite (Simple)







I was

You were

He was

She was

It was

We were

They were

I was not

You were not

He was not

She was not

It was not

We were not

They were not

Was I?

Were you?

Was he?

Was she?

Was it?

Were we?

Were they?

Future Indefinite (Simple)



Отрицательное предложение Вопросительное


I shall (will) be

You will be

He will be

She will be

It will be

We shall (will) be

They will be

I shall (will) not be (shan’t be,

won’t be) You will not be (won’t be)

He will not be (won’t be)

She will not be (won’t be)

It will not be (won’t be)

We shall (will) not be (shan’t

be, won’t be) They will not be (won’t be)

Shall (Will) I be?

Will you be?

Will he be?

Will she be?

Will it be?

Shall (Will) we be?

Will they be?

5

Конструкция ‘There is (are)’

Русский язык Английский язык

1. В этой комнате есть телефон.

2. В саду много яблонь.

3. Вчера в институте было

собрание.

4. Завтра в институте будет

собрание.

5. Существует несколько

способов решения этой задачи.

1. There is a telephone in this

room.

2. There are many apple-trees

in the garden .

3. There was a meeting at the

institute yesterday.

4. There will be a meeting at

the institute tomorrow.

5. There are a few ways of

solving the problem.

Глагол to have





I have (got)

You have (got)

He has (got)

She has (got)

It has (got)

We have (got)

They have (got)

I haven’t got (don’t have)

You haven’t got (don’t have)

He hasn’t got (doesn’t have)

She hasn’t got (doesn’t have)

It hasn’t got (doesn’t have)

We haven’t got (don’t have)

They haven’t got (don’t have)

Haven’t got = have no

Hasn’t got = has no

Have I (got)? (Do I have?)

Have you (got)? (Do you

have?)

Has he (got)? (Does he

have)

Has she (got)? (Does she

have)

Has it (got)? (Does it

have)

Have we (got)? (Do we

have?)

Have they (got)? (Do they

have?)

Множественное число существительных

Plural Nouns

Категория числа имен существительных находит свое выражение в

противопоставлении форм единственного (Singular) и множественного (Plural)

числа.

Правило Примеры Примечания

1. В преобладающем

большинстве случаев

множественное число

имен существительных

образуется путем

прибавления окончания

table – tables, book –

books, bill – bills, day

– days, house –

houses, month –

months, gate – gates,

clock – clocks, people

-s произносится:

a) [z] – после звонких

согласных и после

гласных;

b) [s] – после глухих

согласных;

6

–s к имени

существительному в

единственном числе.

(народ) – peoples,

youth (юноша) -

youths

c) [iz] – после шипящих

и свистящих

2. Если имя

существительное

оканчивается на –ss, -sh,

-ch, -o, -x, то его




–es.

address – addresses,

potato – potatoes,

cargo – cargoes, bus –

buses, brush – brushes,

tax – taxes, church –

churches, watch -

watches

Исключение составляют

слова иностранного

происхождения и

сокращения, оканчиваю-

щиеся на –о: piano –

pianos, kilo – kilos, photo –

photos, kimono – kimonos,

radio – radios, video –

videos, zoo - zoos

3. Если имя

существительное

оканчивается на –y с

предшествующей

согласной, то его




–es, при этом происходит

замена -y на –i.

baby – babies, country

– countries, lady –

ladies, factory –

factories

Если перед –y была

гласная, то


этого существительного



–s, при этом –y не

меняется: day – days, boy

– boys, key - keys

4. У существительных,

оканчивающихся на –f,

-fe, при образовании

множественного числа

имеет место замена –f на

–v:

half – halves, knife –

knives, leaf – leaves,

life – lives, wife –

wives, loaf – loaves,

thief - thieves

Исключение составляют

следующие имена

существительные: chief –

chiefs, handkerchief –

handkerchiefs, roof – roofs,

safe – safes, reef - reefs

5. a) Сложные

существительные,

которые пишутся слитно

образуют множественное

число по правилу,

которому подчиняется

второе слово, входящее в

состав.

b) В сложных именах

существительных,

которые пишутся через

дефис, форму


обычно принимает

основное в смысловом

значении слово.

schoolboy –

schoolboys, postman –

postmen, housewife –

housewives

hotel-keeper – hotel-

keepers, mother-in-law

– mothers-in-law,

passer-by – passers–by

Если нельзя определить

основное в смысловом

значении слово, то форму


принимает последнее

слово: forget-me-not –

forget-me-nots, merry-go-

round – merry-go-rounds

7

c) Если первым словом

сложного

существительного

является слово man или

woman, то оба слова

принимают форму

множественного числа.

man-servant – men-

servants, woman-

doctor – women -

doctors

6. Есть ряд имен

существительных,

образующих

множественное число не

по общему правилу.

man – men, woman –

women, foot – feet,

tooth – teeth, goose –

geese, mouse – mice,

child – children, ox -

oxen, deer – deer,

sheep – sheep, fish-

fish, aircraft - aircraft

7. Некоторые слова

латинского и греческого

происхождения

заимствовали из этих

языков присущие им

способы образования

множественного числа.

memorandum –

memoranda,

curriculum vitae –

curricula vitae, thesis –

theses, crisis – crises,

basis – bases, datum –

data, formula –

formulae, index -

indices

Некоторые имена

существительные

латинского и греческого

происхождения образуют

множественное число по

общим правилам: stadium

– stadiums, referendum –

referendums, genius –

geniuses

8. Ряд существительных

употребляется только во

множественном числе.

scissors, trousers,

thanks, spectacles,

goods, clothes, wages,

police, riches, youth

(молодежь), people

(люди)

9. Ряд существительных

употребляется только в

единственном числе.

sugar, water, snow,

love, fruit, friendship,

advice, information,

news, money, hair,

physics, time

Для обозначения

различных видов фруктов

употребляется форма

fruits.

10. Следует обратить

внимание на особенность

образования


hundred, thousand, million,

billion, dozen.

a)Если эти слова

употребляются для

выражения конкретного

Five hundred men, two

thousand pounds, five

million dollars, three

8

числа, окончание –s к ним

не прибавляется, а форму


приобретает

существительное,

стоящее после них.

b) Окончание –s

прибавляется к эти

словам, если необходимо

выразить смысл большого

количества.

dozen eggs

hundreds of people,

thousands of birds,

millions of books,

dozens of times

Местоимения

PRONOUNS

I. Таблица личных, притяжательных и указательных

местоимений.

Личные Притяжательные Указательные

Именитель-

ный падеж

Объект-

ный падеж

Зависимая

форма

Незави-

симая

форма

I – я

we - мы

me- меня,

мне

us – нас,

нам

my – мой,

моя

our – наш,

наша

mine

ours

this – этот, эта,

это (ед.ч.)

these - эти

(мн.ч.)

that – тот, та,

то (ед.ч.)

those – те

(мн.ч.)

the same – тот

же самый, один

и тот же

such (a) –

такой, такая,

такое, такие

you –

ты,

вы

you –

тебя, тебе

вас, вам

your –

твой, твоя,

твое, твои,

ваш, ваша…

yours

he –он

she – она

it – оно, он,

она

they - они

him – его,

ему

her – ей,

ее

it – его, ее

them - их

his – его

her – ее

its – его, ее

their - их

his

hers

its

theirs

9

II. Таблица производных слов от SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY

основа some any no every

-body

(обозначает

лицо)

somebody –

кто-то

anybody – кто-

нибудь (?),

любой, всякий

(+)

nobody - никто

everybody – каждый,

все

-thing

(обозначает

предмет)

something – что-то

anything – что-

нибудь(?), всё(+) nothing - ничто

everything - всё

one (некто) someone –

кто-то

(один)

anyone – кто-

нибудь(?),

любой(+)

no one,

none –

никто,

ни один

everyone -

каждый

where (где,

куда) somewhere – где-то,

куда-то

anywhere – где-

нибудь, куда-

нибудь(?), везде,

куда угодно (+)

nowhere – нигде,

никуда

everywhere – везде,

повсюду

INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) FORMS

The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense





I work

He works

She works

It works

We work

You work

They work

I do not (don’t) work

He does not (doesn’t) work

She does not (doesn’t) work

It does not (doesn’t) work

We do not (don’t) work

You do not (don’t) work

They do not (don’t) work

Do I work?

Does he work?

Does she work?

Does it work?

Do we work?

Do you work?

Do they work?

The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense Утвердительное






I (he, she…)

worked/wrote

I (he, she…) did not

(didn’t) work/write

Did I (he, she…)

work/write?

The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense





I shall/will work (I’ll

work)

I shall/will not (shan’t/won’t)

work

Shall/Will I work?

10

He will work

She will work

It will work

We shall/will work

You will work

They will work

He will not (won’t) work

She will not (won’t) work

It will not (won’t) work

We shall/will not

(shan’t/won’t) work

You will not (won’t) work

They will not (won’t)

work

Will he work?

Will she work?

Will it work?

Shall/Will we

work?

Will you work?

Will they work?

CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) FORMS

The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense







I am working

He (she, it) is

working We (you, they)

are working

I am not working

He (she, it) is not working

We (you, they) are not

working is not = isn’t

are not = aren’t

Am I working?

Is he(she, it) working?

Are we (you, they)

working?

The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense







I (he, she, it) was

working

We (you, they) were

working

I (he, she, it) was not

working We (you, they) were not

working was not = wasn’t

were not = weren’t

Was I (he, she, it)

working?

Were we (you, they)

working?

The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense







I (we) shall(will) be

working

He (she, it, you,

they) will be

working

I (we) shall (will) not be

working He (she, it, you, they) will

not be working

shall not = shan’t

will not = won’t

Shall (Will) I (we) be

working?

Will he (she, it, you,

they) be working?

11

PERFECT FORMS

The Present Perfect Tense







I (we, you, they) have

worked

He (she, it) has

worked

I (we, you, they) have not

worked He (she, it) has not worked

have not = haven’t

has not = hasn’t

Have I (we, you, they)

worked?

Has he (she, it)

worked?

The Past Perfect Tense







I (he, she, …) had

worked

I (he, she, …) had not

worked had not = hadn’t

Had I (he, she, …)

worked?

The Future Perfect Tense







I (we) shall (will) have

worked

He (she, it, you,

they) will have

worked

I (we) shall (will) not have

worked He (she, it, you, they) will

not have worked shall not = shan’t

will not = won’t

Shall (Will) I (we) have

worked?

Will he (she, it, you,

they) have worked?

12

THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

Ex 1.

The Baby Elephant.

This is a story about a baby elephant.

The baby elephant is not happy. He says ,”I____________ (not. to like) to

work at the circus. I ____(not to want) to work at the circus. I __________ (not to

want) t do tricks for children. I ________ (to want) to run away.”

So he ___________(to run) away. He _____________ (to come) to a wood and

____________ (to see)a brown bear. He __________ (to say) to the bear.” I

_____________ (to want) to live with you in the wood.”

“ All right.” ______________ (to say) the brown bear. “ But you must get

ready for the winter. You must ____________ (to find) a hole in which you can sleep

in winter.”

The baby elephant _____________ (not to like)to work. He

________________ (not to want) to look for a hole. So he ____________ (to go)

away.

He ______________ (to walk) and _______________ (to walk). Then he

_____________ (to see) a squirrel and ________________ (to say) to him. “ I

___________ (to want) to live with you.”

“ All right.” _______________ (to say)the squirrel. “ But you must get ready

for the winter. You must get nuts for the winter.”

But the baby elephant ______________ (to say). “ I _____________ (not, to

want) to get ready for the winter. I _______________ (not, to want) to get nuts for

the winter. I ____________ (not, to want) to look for a hole. I ______________ (not,

to want) to live in the wood. I __________ (to want) to go home. Home is best.”

And the baby elephant ____________ (to go) back to the circus.

Ex 2.

The Crown and the Fox.

One day a Crow ___________ (to find) a piece of cheese. He ______________

(to take) it up in his beak and ______________ (to fly) away to a tree. He

_____________ (to want) to eat the cheese up in the tree.

A Fox ___________ (to come) to the tree. He _____________ (to see) the

Crow with the cheese in his beak and _____________ (to think). “ I must get that

piece of cheese. I ____________ (to want) to eat it.”

And he _____________ (to say) to the Crow. “ How do you do, Mr. Crow?”

The Crow ________________ (not, to open) his mouth. He _____________

(to have) the cheese in his beak. He ____________ ( not, to want) to drop it.

“ How fine you ____________(to be).” _______________ (to say) the fox.

“You ___________ (to be) a very nice bird.”

13

The Crow is pleased, but he _____________ (not, to open) his mouth. He

_________ ( not, to want) to drop the cheese. “ I hear you can sing very well.”

_____________ (say) the Fox. “ You ___________ (to have) a very nice voice.

Please sing to me.”

The Crow _____________ (to be) very pleased. He ___________ (to open) his

mouth.

The cheese ____________ (to fall) out of his beak. The Fox ____________ (to

take) it up and __________ (to run) away.

Ex 3.

Read the texts and make up questions:

Student A’s Text

Victor Raul Manani is ten years old. He lives near Lima on the west coast of

Peru. He’s got three brothers and two sisters. His father is dead. His mother sells

potatoes in the market. Victor sells chewing gum and hats to people in cars. “ I work

because I need to eat.” says Victor. “ I don’t like selling things in the streets but I like

making money. I make quite a lot. I spend it on shoes, school books and clothes, but I

give some money to my mother. I like school and learning English. I can speak a

little English now.”

Student B’s Text.

Victor Jorge Manani is twelve years old. He lives in Ecuador near Quito. He

has two brothers and one sister. His father washes up in a café. His mother sells fish

in the market. Victor sells cigarettes and hats to people in cars. “ I work because I

need to eat, says Victor. I like selling things in the street because I like making

money. I make quite a lot. I spend it on sweets, comics and going to the cinema. I

spend all my money. I don’t like school but I like learning English. I can speak it

quite well.”

Test 1.

1 .- Hello, I ___________ Kate Kern. And what __________ your name?

2.-Hi, my name ____________ Ann Brown. I ___________ glad to meet you.

3. - Where _________ you live, Ann?

4.-I _________- from Leeds. And where ___________ you from?

5. –I __________ from London. __________ there a sports centre in Leeds?

6.- Yes, there ____________ three big sports centers in my town.

7. – What ____________ your favourite sport?

8. – I like swimming. And what about you? ___________ you like swimming?

9. – No, I __________ . But my best friend __________ . And I like tennis.

10. - _______ you ________ any hobbies? _________ you like reading?

14

11. – yes, I __________- .

12. – What ____________ your favourite books?

13. – I like detective stories. Do you?

14. – No, I __________ . ______________ you ___________ any brothers or sisters?

15. – No, I _________- an only child.

16. – And I __________- a brother.

17. – How old ____ he?

18. – He _________ 4. He ___________ go to school. I help him much..

19. – You __________- a happy girl?

Test 2.

1. It’s my mother’s birthday next week.

A. Who

B. Whose

C. Whom

2. My best friend Jeff lives in Walton Street.

A. Whom

B. Whose

C. Who

3. Mrs. Laura is in her office.

A. When

B. Where

C. How

4. I’ve got two bottles of lemonade at home.

A. How many

B. How much

C. What

5. Mr. Williams usually walks his dog early in the morning.

A. Where

B. When

C. How often

6. __________ doesn’t your Dad use a dictionary when he translates from

Russian into English?

- He knows English well.

A. How

B. What

C. Why

THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

Ex 1.

You have to read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about

the past.

15

Example: Tom usually gets up at 7.30. Yesterday he got up at 7. 30.

1. Tom usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning

________________________________

2. Tom usually walks to work. Yesterday ____________________________

3. Tom is usually late for work. Yesterday ______________________________

4. Tom usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday _________________________

5. Tom usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday ___________________________

6. Tom usually sleeps very well. Last night ______________________________

Ex 2.

You have to put one of these verbs in each sentence:

Hurt, teach, spend, sell, throw, fall, catch, buy, cost.

Example: I was hungry, so I bought something to eat.

1. Tom’s father ___________ him to drive when he was 17.

2. Don _______________- down the stairs this morning and ____________ his

leg.

3. We needed some money so we _____________ our car.

4. Ann ____________ a lot of money yesterday. She ____________ a dress

which __________ 50 pounds.

5. Jim ____________ the ball to Sue who _____________ it.

Ex 3.

Write questions about your friend’s holiday:

Example: where/ go? Where did you go?

food/ good? Was the food good ?

1. how long / stay there ?

2. stay in a hotel ?

3. go alone ?

4. how / travel ?

5. the weather / fine ?

6. what / do in the evenings ?

7. meet any interesting people ?

Ex 4.

Put the verb into the correct form.

1. Tom ____________ (not to shave) this morning because he ______________

(not to have) time.

2. We ______________ (not to eat) anything because we ____________ (not to

be) hungry.

16

3. I _____________ ( not to rush) because I ___________ (not to be) in a hurry.

4. She ______________ (not to be) interested in the book because she

____________ ( not to understand) it.

Forks and fingers.

In 1608, an Englishman Thomas Coryate by name (to visit) Italy. When he (to

come) back to England he (to bring) little forks the Italians (to use) to eat meat with.

His friends (to look) at the forks and (to laugh). They (to think) the Italians (to be)

fools because the forks (to be) very inconvenient.

Thomas Coryate (to argue) with them and (to explain) to them that it (not to

be) good to eat meat with one’s fingers because people always (not to have) clean

hands.

Everyone (to be) indignant at this.

“ Do you think that people in England don’t wash their hands before eating?”

one of his friends asked.

“ Aren’t the ten fingers given to us by nature enough for us ?” asked his second

friend.

“ Must we add two artificial fingers to eat meat?” asked the third

Then the host (to decide) to show how easy it (to be) to use the fork. But the

first piece of meat he (to pick) up off his plate (to slip) off the fork to the tablecloth.

His friends couldn’t stop laughing and joking about it, so the poor host had to

put his fork back into his pocket.

There is a story about why people began to use them. The story says that forks

came into use when people (to begin) to wear lace-trimmed collars. These collars (to

hinder) when they (to eat). They (to hold) the chin up in the air and (to keep) one

from bending his head. It (to look) as if the head (to be) on a big plate.

With such a collar it (to be) more convenient to eat with a fork than with one’s

fingers.

A good finder.

One day two friends (to go) for a walk. The dog’s master (to say) : “ I am

going to put the coin in the ground. The dog will find the coin.”

Then the dog’s master (to take) out the coins and (to say) to his dog: “I (to

lose) a coin, (to look) for it and (to find) it.”

At that time a traveler was driving along the road. The horse (to kick) the coin

from the ground and the traveler (to pick) it up. The dog (scent) out the coin and (to

run) after the traveler.

The traveler (to think): “the dog (to lose) its master.” The traveler (to like) the

dog very much (to take) it to his room and (to give) it a good supper.

At an inn the traveler (to want0 to go to bed. He (to take) off his clothes. Then

he (to put) on his pyjamas and his night cap.

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Then the dog (to snatch) the man’s trousers and (to run) to his master. The

traveler (to run) after him. He (to be) very angry.

The dog’s master (to say): “My dog (to be) very clever He (to take) your

trousers, because you (to have) my money in them. I (to know) you (to have0 my

coin in your trousers pocket.”

The traveler (to laugh) (to take) out the coin and (to give) it to the dog’s

master. Then he (to put) on his trousers and (to go0 to his inn.

The prescription on the door.

A farmer (to fall) ill and (to send) for the doctor. The doctor (to come) and

when he (to find) out what the matter (to be), he (to ask) for a pen, ink and paper in

order to write a prescription. But there were no such things in the house; so the

farmer’s wife (to go) out to try and borrow them from somebody. Time (to pass) but

she (not to come) back. The doctor (to grow) tired of waiting. He (to see) a piece of

brick lying on the floor, (to pick) it up and (to write) the prescription with it on the

door. Then he (to go) away. As nobody in the house (can) read or write, they (to take)

the door off its hinges, and (to carry) it to the chemist’s. There the medicine was

made up from the prescription.

The king and the critic.

A certain tyrant (to be) in the habit of writing verses which he himself (to

think) perfect. Since he (to be) a king, the people to whom he (to show) them (to take

care) not to contradict him and (to praise) them to the skies. One day the tyrant (to

show) his verses to a learned man, who (to find) a great many faults with them. This

(to make) the king so angry that he (to send) his critic to prison. After some time,

however, he (to make) up his mind to pardon him. On the man’s return, the king (to

invite) him to dinner. Again he (to show) him his verses and again (to ask) what he

(to think) of them. The learned man (to turn) to the guards who were standing nearby

and (to say) in a loud voice, “Take me back to prison, friends.”

One way street.

One day a Frenchman came to New York on business. He didn’t know English

at all.

When he (to come) to new York he (to take) a taxi and (to tell) the driver to

take him to a hotel. The French and the English for a “hotel” is the same, so the

driver (to understand) him and (to take) him where he (to want).

The Frenchman (to decide) to go for a walk and to look at the city about which

he had heard people speak so much. So he (to leave) his things in his room at the

hotel and (to go) out into the street.

The street (to be) very narrow. The Frenchman (to go) down the street.

Suddenly he (to stop). “how shall I find the way back?” he (to think). “I know neither

18

the name of the hotel nor even the name of the street in which it is situated.” He (not

to want) to return to the hotel, so he (to decide) to write down the name of the street.

He (to look) up at the house and (to see) some words written in large letters. He (to

be) sure that it (to be) the name of the street, so he (to take) his notebook out of his

pocket and (to write) down those words. He was walking about the city for a long

time. At last he (to want) to get back to his hotel. He (to take) his notebook out of his

pocket, (to stop) a man and (to show) him the words. The man (to read): ‘One way

street”.

Test 1.

On the 15th

of October two men (to try) to get to the top of Everest. They (to

make) their camp at the bottom of the mountain. They (to feel) very well in it. It (to

be) the highest camp on the mountain. The night before climb, they (to drink) tea and

(to have) supper. They (to discuss) what to take with them to the top. They (to

decide) to leave their sleeping bags and tents behind because the equipment (to be)

too heavy.

Early in the morning they (to have) breakfast and (to get) dressed. Then they

(to start) to go up the mountain. It (to be) extremely difficult. The snow (to be) very

deep. After a long high fight they (to reach) the top together. They (to laugh), (to

shout) and (to take) some photographs.

Then the sun (to disappear) and the two men (to realize) they (to be) on the top

of Everest and it (to be) almost night. Their camp (to be) too far to reach. They (to

go) a little way down the mountain, but there (to be) no moon and it (to be) too

dangerous.

They (to have) to spend the night on the mountain, at about 10,000 meters,

with no tents, sleeping bags or food. They (to believe) it (to be) possible. They (to

dig) a hole in the snow and (to bury) themselves. They (not to sleep). It (to be) 30

degrees C below zero. When the light (to come) at last they (to begin) climbing

down, and soon they (to get) to their camp. Everybody (to be) happy.

Test 2.

People used to get water mostly from streams, lakes and rivers. Then cities

started growing. This brought many people to one place. They needed more water for

their homes and factories.

Sometimes it didn’t rain for a long time. Then the rivers had very little water

left. People learned to save water for these dry times. They built places in which they

could store water. They called these places reservoirs.

Reservoirs hold water until people in cities need it. Large pipes carry water

from reservoirs to the city. People also get water from wells.

Years ago, people lifted water out of wells in buckets. This was hard work and

took a long time. Now they pump the water up. The pump makes it easier for people

to get water where they want it.

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Questions:

1. Where _________ people use to get water from?

2. What ___________ started growing?

3. Why ____________ the rivers have very little water left?

4. What ____________ people learn to do for the dry times?

5. What ____________ people build to store water?

6. How long _____________ reservoirs hold water?

7. What places _________ people call reservoirs?

8. What __________ reservoirs for?

9. How ________ people lift water out of wells years ago?

10. __________ you think, it ____________ a hard work?

11. How long ___________ it take them to lift water out of wells now?

12. What ____________ the way to get water now?

13. What ___________ they do to lift water out of wells now?

14. ___________ the pump make it easier to get water where people want?

A) do B) does C) did D) is E) are F) was G)-

Check yourself.

A)

1. There (to be) a very interesting lecture last Monday.

2. He (to be) eight years old when he went to school.

3. After classes these boys usually (to go) to the chess club.

4. Boris (to play) tennis well.

5. She (to finish) school three years ago.

6. Yesterday the students (to leave) school at 4. They (to have) a meeting. The

meeting (to last) for an hour.

B) Make up questions:

1. He went to the swimming pool yesterday.

2. You had dinner at home.

3. There is a meeting after classes.

C) Open the brackets:

1. Who usually (to do) his homework in this room? This student (to do).

2. Who (to do) his homework here yesterday? I (not to know).

3. I (to live) near my office last year. I always (to walk) there.

4. How well your friend (to speak) English? He (to speak) English badly.

5. What language you (to learn) 5 years ago? He (to learn) French.

6. What language he (to learn) this year? He (to learn) German.

7. How long your class usually (to last)? It usually (to last) 2 hours.

8. How long your class (to last) on Wednesday morning?

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9. Whom you (to discuss) this question with last night? I (to discuss) it with my

friends.

10. Whom you usually (to go) home with? I (to go) home with my friend.

11. How well he usually (to know) his lesson?

12. I (not to work) at this office three years ago.

13. How long you (to stay) in Kiev last time? I (to stay) there three months.

14. Yesterday (to be) my day off. I usually (to wake up) early on my day off, but

sometimes I (not to get up) at once. I (to get up) at 8 o’clock yesterday.

15. When you (to have) breakfast yesterday? I (to have) breakfast at 9 o’clock in the

morning.

16. We usually (to stay) in the country over the weekend but the weather (to be) bad

and we (not to go) there last week.

17. When you last (to go) to the theatre? Two weeks ago.

18. I usually (to go) to bed at 11. Yesterday my friends (to come) to see me and I (to

go) to bed at 1 in the morning.

19. She (not to be) at home now.

THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE

Future action in when/if clauses.

1.I can give Bob the message if I (see) him.

2. If I (hear) any news I (phone) you.

3. If the weather (to be) fine tomorrow we are going to have a picnic.

4. Hurry up. If you (to catch) a taxi, you (to meet) Mary at the station.

5. When I (arrive) in New York next week I (phone) you.

6. If he (not to be busy) tomorrow morning he (to give) you a lift.

7. Call for an ambulance if he (to feel) worse.

8. Mrs. Clay (go) shopping today if she (to finish) her work earlier than usual.

9. Watch the football match on TV at 11 p.m. if you (to stay) at home tonight.

10. I’m afraid I’m tired but if you (make) me strong coffee I (go on) working.

10. If Dad (buy) a new car we (go) to the sea side by car next summer.

11. If they (want) your advice they (get) in touch with you.

12. The teacher says he (begin) the lesson as soon as Andy (stop) talking.

13. Tom always (take) a cold shower as soon as he (get up).

14. After my friend (return) from her summer holidays she (invite) me for a cup of

tea.

15. My neighbour (drop in) again tomorrow. When she (come) I (make) coffee for

her.

16. George (meet) me at the airport when my plane (land) tomorrow.

17. Marion (see) Mike when he (come) to Moscow.

18. When he (arrive) in New York he always (stay) in Manhattan.

19. I (fee) normal again if the weather (change) for the better.

20. As soon as the show (come) to an end the audience (leave) the hall.

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21. If Helen (finish) her work in time we (meet) at the café as usual.

22.If Mark (get) a new computer he (forget) all his studies.

23. When Sue (feel) bad he (prefer) to stay in bed.

24. Unless my boyfriend (apologize) I (not forgive) him.

25. We (take) some urgent steps before the situation (become) hopeless.

26. We (have) to think about somebody else in case Dick (refuse) to do the work.

27. She (send) her family a telegram as soon as she (arrive) in Rome.

28. Felix’s father (not to lend) him any money until he (learn) not to lose it.

29. He is retiring next year. He (have) nothing to do when he (retire).

Train yourself.

Ex. 1.

Use subordinate clauses of time or condition instead of underlined parts of the

sentences:

1. I shall have time next week and I shall fix the car.

2. All will go well and I shall graduate in June.

3. He will finish this job and we will give him another.

4. The traffic conditions will get much worse and the city will have to build

elevated roads.

5. The light will turn red and all the cars will stop.

6. The weather will clear and we will finish our games.

7. I will be paid tomorrow and I will buy this dress.

8. We will get there before you and we will wait for you.

9. He will come home and his father will give him a good talking to.

10. He will take this medicine and will be all right.

Ex. 2.

Open the brackets:

1. If they (get) here on time, we can make it.

2. There is a surprise waiting for him when he (get) home.

3. Before you (leave) sir, I (give) your present back to you.

4. If you (feel) better this afternoon, we (drive) to the coast.

5. Give him this message when you (see) him.

6. If we (come) in time, we (find) them there.

7. If I (be) lucky, I (get in) without a ticket.

8. (you/be) lonely without me, while I (be) away?

Ex. 3.

Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite and the Future Indefinite.

A). 1.When he (call) I (give) him a piece of my mind.

2. I (be) at home if you (need) anything.

3. They (be) in the gallery if you (decide) to speak to them.

4. If they (want) your advice, they (get) in touch with you.

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5. If you (have) anything to report, put it in writing and send it to me.

B). 1. I (write) you about it when I (have) time.

2. He (wait) until they (send) for him.

3. He (be) all right when this (be) over.

4. I’d like to ask you a few more questions before you (go).

C). 1. I (not know) when they (come) to see us.

2. Ask him if he (stay) for dinner.

3. I wonder if we ever (see) each other again.

4. I (be) not sure if they (be) in time.

5. He can’t tell us when the motor (start).

Ex. 4. Open the brackets:

1.When the weather (get) warmer, I (start) practicing again.

2. “ Come in,” she said. “ I (see) if he (be) at home.

3. Come and see me when you (come) up to town and we (talk) everything over.

4. If my friends (come) in, please ask them to wait in the picture gallery.

5. He (want) to know if you (be) free tomorrow.

6. I (wonder) when they (write) to us.

7. I (be) down at your office at 12 tomorrow.

8. When things (get) a little more settled, we (come) to see you.

9. They can’t tell me when they (be) free.

10 .Go straight on till you (come) to a fountain at the corner of the street; then turn

left and you (find) this shop on your right.

11. When you (come) to the main road remember to stop and look both ways before

you (cross).

12. Ask them when they (move) to a new flat.

13. “ I want to get to the bottom of the valley.” – “ You must be careful when you

(go) down because the slope of the hill (be) very slippery.”

14. “ I (be) glad when I (get) to the top.”

15. He doesn’t say when he (come) back.

16. Give this message to your teacher as soon as you (come) to school,” said his

mother. –“ All right,” said the boy running out. “ I (be) sure it (be) still in his pocket

when he (get) home tonight,” said his father.

17. If the patient (continue) to improve we (transfer) him to another ward.

18. “ I (buy) some pot plants.” – “ When you (buy) them?” – “The florist (bring)

them.

19. If you (look) at then, don’t smile.

20. Before we (talk) about it, I’d like to show you something.

Ex. 5. Join the sentences using before:

1. Helen will finish her work. She will go away on holiday.

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2. I will be there. You will leave .

3. I will give you the book. I will go to the library.

4. She will put on a new dress. She will go to a party.

5. They will draw a plan. They will go on an excursion.

Join the sentences using while:

1. She will stay with our daughter. We will be at the theatre.

2. She will look after the child. We will be away.

3. I will wait for you in the street. You will do shopping.

4. We will play a game of chess. You will watch TV.

5. They will stay at our house. We will be abroad.

Join the sentences using till:

1. My father will stay in London. He will finish his work.

2. I will keep this book. He will need it.

3. We will wait. He will come back home.

4.We will not cross the street. They will read the map.

Check yourself:

He saved his life.

The French king Louis (to have) an Italian astrologer whose name (to be)

Martinus Galeotti. One day the king (to ask) him: “You say that the stars (to tell) you

everything and that you know the hour of every man’s death. But they also (to know)

when you will die. You (to know) when you will die?

“ What I (to answer) him?” (to think) the astrologer. “If I (to say) that I (to live)

long, the king (to kill) me just to prove that the stars (not to say) the truth.” Then he

(to remember) that the king (to be) himself afraid of death and he 9to use) this fact.

“Yes, I can (to determine) the hour of my death,” he said. “I (not to understand) your

answer, Martinus. What do you mean?” “Oh king,” said the astrologer,” my death (to

take place) exactly twenty-four hours before yours.”

The king never discussed this question again.

THE PRONOUN

Personal and Possessive Pronouns

NOMINATIVE OBJECTIVE POSSESIVE ABSOLUTE

I ME MY MINE

HE HIM HIS HIS

SHE HER HER HERS

IT IT ITS

YOU YOU YOUR YOURS

WE US OUR OURS

THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS

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Ex.1.

Fill in the blanks with personal pronouns:

1. I see a teacher, I see ____________.

2. Please, read this letter, read ___________.

3. I know the boy, I know _________________-.

4. I’m glad to meet both Tom and Ann, I’m glad to meet _______________.

5. Give me the book, give _________- to me.

6. I don’t like Ann’s brother, I don’t like _________________.

7. This task was given to you and to me, it was given to ______________.

Ex.2.

1. Your letter has already arrived. ____________ was delivered in the morning.

2. Whose dog is that? ___________ is always near our house.

3. Who is John? ___________- is our new neighbour.

4. My mother and I have already had lunch. _____________ had had it before we left

home.

5. The cat is wild. Don’t touch _______.

6. John knows English very well. ____________ can speak ____________ fluently.

7. Peter and John are leaving for Kiev tonight. __________- will stay there for about

a week.

Ex. 3.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the pronoun:

1. I see (he).

2. Ted needs (he) book.

3. They will visit (you).

4. Jim usually helps (I).

5. (I) like Peter’s new tie.

6. (you) can visit (we) in Moscow.

7. You must give (we) a new map.

8. You must see (he) new film.

9. Mike can teach (he).

10. (They) little child is ill.

11. Bob must see (I).

12. The snake is poisonous. (it) bite may be mortal.

Ex. 4.

Answer the questions using possessive or absolute forms:

1. Do these shoes belong to your husband?

2. Will this new flat belong to them?

3. This umbrella doesn’t belong to you, does it?

4. These books belong to us , don’t they?

5. Do these things belong to him or to her?

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Ex. 5.

Use absolute form of the possessive pronoun:

1. Our house is in that street. (he) is round the corner.

2. It was through no fault of (her).

3. You can very well do without my help but not without (their).

4. Her handbag is on the chair. (my) is on the sofa.

5. (our) was the last turn.

Ex. 6.

Fill in the blanks with missing possessive pronouns:

1. This doesn’t look like ___________ book, it must be __________.

2. Tell him not to forget ____________ ticket, she mustn’t forget ___________

either.

3. Tell me, isn’t that ____________ girlfriend over there?

4. I see that he has lost ________ pencil, perhaps you can lend him_________.

5. He has come to see me, _____________ father and _________ are school friends.

6. This is __________ work, I did it without any help at all.

Ex. 7.

Re-word the sentences, pay attention to the indefinite article before nouns in the

singular:

Examples: a) He is my cousin.

He is a cousin of mine.

b) They are our friends.

They are friends of ours.

1. She is their relative.

2. He is her father.

3. We are your former students.

4. She is his niece.

5. I am your colleague.

7. She is our neighbour.

8. He is her former school –friend.

9. I am his student.

Test yourself.

Ex. 1.

Choose the correct form of the pronouns in brackets:

1. It may be (our, ours) dictionaries.

2. He has not read a line of (your, yours). How can he criticize (your, yours) poems?

3. His composition is much more interesting than (your, yours) or (my, mine).

4. (Their, theirs) knowledge of the subject is not much superior to (our, ours).

26

5. I’m afraid they will take (her, hers) advice not (your, yours).

6. All (our, ours) clothes were extremely dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.

7. Will you help me to sort out the things? I cannot tell which are (your, yours) and

which are (my, mine).

8. This is (your, yours) notebook, but where is (my, mine)?

1. She got to (her, hers) feet and took (his, him) hand.

2.” Let me see your passport,” I gave him __________ and Catherine got

___________ out of _________ handbag (my, mine; her, hers).

3. Mind __________ own business and I’ll mind _________ (your, yours; my, mine).

4. Mr. Black gave (his, him) wife a leather bag for (her, hers) birthday.

5. The next voice to speak up was not the Lieutenant’s but (mine, my).

6. I looked at (her, hers) ___________ and at none other from that moment.

7. ___________ was not a marriage that could last (their, theirs).

8. ___________ nerves are as bad as ___________ (yours, your; my, mine).

9. His eyes were as bright as (her, hers).

10. After all, this is __________ home just as much as __________ (your, yours; my,

mine).

11. My sister likes much sugar in _________ tea, but I like little in _________ (her,

hers; my, mine).

12. His own hand shook as he accepted a rose or two from __________ and thanked

her (her, hers).

Ex. 2.

1. He patted Jack heartily on (he) shoulder. 2. He put (he) hand in (she). 3.” This

foolish wife of (I) thinks I’m a great artist”, said he. 4. (They) say there’s been a great

earthquake in the Pacific. 5. Then he stopped and pointed and said:” Those are peas.

“I said,” We’ve got some peas, too.” I expect (you) are bigger than (our),” he said

politely. 6. Don’t show this letter to (you) brother. 7. She folded the letter and

replaced it in (it) envelope. 8. The children had had (they) tea. Kate late for (she) as

usual, Mary and Paul were having (they). 9. This demand of (they) is quite ridiculous.

10. She makes all (she) clothes herself. 11. There was a cold wind blowing so I put

on (I) heavy coat.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.

MYSELF: HIMSELF: HERSELF: ITSELF: OURSELVES:

YOURSELF(YOURSELVES): THEMSELVES.

Ex. 1.

1. I never ask my mother to buy my clothes.

2. My sister likes to make cakes.

3. The boys built this boat.

4. We want to repair the bicycle.

5. I like to clean my flat.

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6. He corrected the mistake.

Ex. 2.

1. He shaves ___________ every other day.

2. Go and wash_________.

3. She washed ___________ quickly and went to prepare breakfast.

4. He likes his wife to dress___________ well.

5. Behave ___________!

6. You can’t behave _________.

7. The child fell and hurt __________ badly.

8. The book was ever so interesting that I could not tear ______ from it.

9. Be careful with a knife, you may cut __________.

10. I tried to make ____________ agreeable.

11. He thinks too much of ____________.

12. Sit down and make __________ at home.

13. I am sure they will succeed in the aim they put before ___________.

14. We established ___________ in a hotel.

15. She was beside ___________ with anger.

16. She looked in the mirror and could not recognize ___________.

Ex. 3.

1. Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don’t burn _________.

2. I want to know you better. Tell me about ___________.

3. It isn’t her fault. She shouldn’t blame ____________.

4. Did you make the dress ___________?

5. The boy was lucky when he fell down the stairs. He didn’t hurt __________.

6. Tom cut ____________ while he was shaving ___________ this morning.

7. He spends most of his time alone so it’s not surprising that he lives __________.

8. Don’t worry about us. We can look after ________.

Ex. 4.

1. At Christmas friends often give __________ presents.

2. I enjoyed __________ very much at the party.

3. Jack and Jill are very happy together. They love ___________ very much.

4. She has no reason to blame _________.

5. I think this poor dog has hurt _________.

6. Nora and I don’t see ________ very often.

Ex. 5.

1. The chairman announced the news ____________.

2. I never do anything until I have checked everything ___________.

3. She says John broke the vase, but really she did it ____________.

4. Next year we shall live all by _____________.

5. Did the boys built the boat _____________?

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6. You cannot leave the baby in the house all by __________.

7. The girl stood at the fire warming ___________.

8. He made a mistake, then he corrected ________.

9. There can be no doubt that Shakespeare ________ wrote this play.

10. Pat, stop laughing and behave ______!

11. I hope you didn’t hurt ___________.

Check yourself:

1. Tom is growing a beard because he doesn’t like shaving_______.

2. The telephone rang while I was taking a shower. I dried _________ and ran into

the room.

3. I tried to study but I just couldn’t make ___________.

4. Jack and I first met ________ at a party five years ago.

5. You’re working too much. Why don’t you relax ___________ more?

6. It was a lovely holiday. We really enjoyed ______ very much.

7. The routine is the same every morning I wash____________ and have breakfast.

SOME ANY

Some Any

1. Affirmative: I want some eggs. 1. Negatives: I don’t want any eggs.

2. Questions + yes: Do you want some

tea?

2. Uncertain questions: Is there any …

3. Requests: May I have some tea? 3. With hardly: There’s hardly any ink.

4. Some people believe anything. 4. After “if”: Take it if you want any.

Ex. 1. Put in some or any where possible.

1. The natives eat ___________ meat raw.

2. There wasn’t _____________ meat in the fridge.

3. _______________ life is full of surprises.

4. There isn’t ___________ life in that girl.

5. Buy ___________ bread and cheese for the picnic.

6. We can’t do without _____________ bread.

7. ____________ spices are bad for you.

8. Put ___________ spices into the soup.

9. I like ____________ bisquits and __________ sweets.

10. I bought ___________ bisquits for tea.

11. I don’t like ___________ boiled cabbage.

12. Would you like _________ boiled cabbage?

13. ____________ money has to be earned.

14. Will you lend __________ money?

15. There isn’t _____________ news of him.

16. I hate _________ bad news.

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Ex. 2. Supply some or any.

1. Go and ask him for ___________ more paper. I haven’t __________ in my desk.

2. Have you got __________ sugar? I expect we have. Yes, there’s _________- sugar

in this bowl.

3. Shall I help you to _________ fruit?

4. ____________ people just don’t know how to mind their own business.

5. Were there _________ objections?

6. I think we’ve run out of sugar. Is there _________ sugar in that bowl?

7. ______________ doctor will tell you that it is harmful for you.

8. What book shall I bring you? __________ you like.

9. There aren’t __________ buses after 12. 30.

10. There isn’t __________ explanation for this.

Ex. 3. Supply the appropriate pronoun out of those given in brackets.

1. You can find him ( some, any, no) time between six and nine. 2. Is there (no, any)

other choice? 3. He can answer (some, any, no) question on the subject. 4. I can

answer only (some, any, no) questions on the subject. 5. She has a perfect

complexion and (some, any, no) colour becomes her. 6. Can we have (some, any)

milk? 7. Is (some, any) additional proof necessary? 8. Will you have (some, any, no)

more tea? 9. What material do you need? ( some, any) that is available. 10. If you

have (some, any, no) news, call me back.

Ex. 4. Supply some, any or no.

1. I don’t want _____ money. 2. She helped borrow __________ more money. 3.

There’s hardly _________ place in this house where we can talk alone. 4. I am

_______ accountant but these figures are wrong. 5. My mother hoped that the school

had _________ funds to give me a grant. 6. Don’t let us have __________ nonsense

about it. 7. You may come home __________ time you like. 8. You have _________

fine flowers in your garden. 9. He wants ________ more pudding. You can take it

away. 10. I don’t think if there is _________ milk in the jug.

SOMETHING, ANYTHING, NOTHING, SOMEBODY, ANOBODY,

NOBODY.

Ex. 1. Supply anybody/anyone, nothing, anything, nobody/no one,

somebody/someone or something/somewhere/anywhere.

1. I want to tell you ____________.

2. Is there ____________ in the basket? - No, it’s empty.

3. Can _________ translate these sentences?

4. I’ve prepared _________ for dinner which you’ll like very much.

5. I’m afraid he knows __________ about it.

6. Would you like __________ to star with?

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7. I know ________ who can help you.

8. I’m sure __________ had taken your bag.

9. Is there ____________ here who can speak Japanese?

10. There was __________in the room. It was dark.

11. Do you live _________ near Jim?

12. They slept in the park because they didn’t have ___________ to stay.

Ex. 2.

1. At the party you’ll see ___________ you haven’t met yet.

2. He left without saying ____________ to ______________.

3. Charlie had never seen ___________ like that place.

4. I think there is __________ wrong with my watch.

5. There is “ No parking” area. _________- who parks their car here will be fined.

6. The door-bell rang but there was ___________ there.

7. With special tourist bus ticket you can go ____________ you like.

8. If ___________ delays you, you must let me know.

9. Where did you go for your holiday? __________ I stayed at home.

10. The town was still the same when I returned. __________ has changed.

Test yourself:

1. Never trust ___________ with such manners. 2. Let me see if there is __________

we can do for you. 3. Is there ___________ at home? 4. If __________ happens to

the car, how shall I get to the country? 5.Barbara was a teacher from __________

near Newcastle. 6. Emily refuses to have ____________ to do with Jim. 7. Shall I

bring you __________ to drink? 8. Nobody can find out __________ about that man.

9. Yesterday we couldn’t find you __________ . 10. Hardly ___________ knew how

to respond to this. 11. You are wrong, there’s ________ strange about the man. He is

a decent chap. 12. We looked for a policeman, but there was _________ around. 13.

What’s the matter? __________ is the matter. 14.____________ comes to those who

hustle while he waits. 15. ___________ should believe in __________. 16. Kindness

is ___________ . 17. Considering how dangerous _________ is, _________ is really

very frightening.

Insert the pronoun:

1. I have ___________ to tell you.

2. He never puts __________ sugar in his tea.

3. ___________ children like reading.

4. She doesn’t want ______________ to talk to.

5.There’s ____________ to be done about it.

6. I must find ____________ for you to play badminton with.

7. We have ___________ to help us.

8. There’s ___________ in my soup. It’s a mosquito.

9. Do you have _____________ to eat? Would you like _________?

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10. There’s ___________- at the door. I heard the door-bell ring.

11. Don’t tell ______________ about him. It’s a secret.

12 .Don’t you have ___________ to do?

13. Isn’t there ______________ more interesting to look at?

14. Do you live ____________ near Fleet Street?

15. I’m thirsty. Can I have __________ cold water?

16. Let me know if you have ______________ trouble.

17. I opened the door, but could see_________ .

18. Don’t worry about your mistake. ______________ is all right.

19. Susan seldom says __________ .

20. I can’t find my shoes. I’ve looked _____________ .

21. Stop sitting doing ___________ and help me.

22. ____________ can speak all the languages in the world.

23. We didn’t have ____________ milk for our kitten so I went out to buy

___________

24. I wonder if they found ___________.

25. Can you get me ___________ to eat, please?

26. I can do the job alone. I don’t want ____________ to help me.

27. I’ve hardly been __________- since last holiday.

28. Would you like __________ more coffee?

29. I have ___________ to read this night.

30. Why are you looking under the table? Have you lost ____________?

31. Where I can find a good job with plenty of money and no work? ___________

32. He’s ___________ more a genius than I am.

33. People cannot close their eyes to the facts ___________ longer.

MANY/MUCH, LITTLE/FEW, “ A LITTLE/ A FEW.”

Much + uncountable nouns:

I haven’t got much time.

Is there much milk in the fridge.

Many + plural countable nouns:

He has lived here for many years.

Have you got many problems?

A lot of / plenty of + plural countable nouns

+ uncountable nouns

I’ve got a lot of books.

I know old Mr. Hopper has got a lot of money.

There are plenty of eggs in the house.

We have plenty of time to get to the station.

The basis uses of much/many are:

1. in negative statements:

a) There isn’t much space in this flat.

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b) There aren’t many pandas in China.

2. in questions:

a) Is there much demand for silk stockings?

b) Will there be many guests at the party?

3. with “ as…as”

Take as many books as you like.

Have as much tea as you want.

4. not many/not much to begin a sentence:

Not many know about this.

Not much happens around here in winter.

A LITTLE ,A FEW :

A little means “some but not much” (немного)

He knows a little English.

A little care would have prevented the accident.

A few – “a small number “(несколько)

We are going away for a few days.

Little/few are negative (= hardly any); a few/a little are positive (=some)

Ex. 1.

1. Last week there was so _________ rain that I was not able to go out.

2. He knows ___________ but the ____________ he knows , he knows well.

3. He is a man of ______________ words.

4. My dear, I’m afraid I have not _________ news to convey but still there are

__________ things I should like to add.

5. __________ is spoken about it, but _________ believe it.

6. The forces were unequal, they were ________, we were _______ .

7. My engagements were __________ and I was glad to accept the invitation.

8. We shan’t get all into the car. We are one too ___________ .

9. He was so happily absorbed in the building of his house that events outside it

affected him ________.

10. He has very _________ knowledge of the matter.

11. There isn’t __________ harm in it.

12. _____________ was said, but ________ done.

13. I suggested that he should get _________ plums and some bread.

14. At the bar ________ men were discussing the coming elections in loud barking

tones.

15. I have so __________ things to do that I don’t know which to do first.

16. Aunt Florrie had ___________ money, while none of the other family had

inherited as___________ as a pound.

17. Very ___________ people know about it.

18. My sister spends so ____________ money on her clothes that she has none left

for holidays.

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19. I began to miss London, as I __________ close friends there.

20. Tom has eaten too_________ that he can’t move.

21. Say _______, do ____________ .

22. She was glad to see me as I was English and she knew __________ English

people.

23.Adeline had slept _________ last night and she had a headache.

24. _____________ heard about the book but ___________ read it.

25. Nowadays he was very busy and saw __________ of his friends.

26. Virginia returned to England at the moment when __________ were leaving it.

THE CONTINUOUS FORMS.

TO BE+ING(PARTICIPLE I)

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Verbs not used in the continuous form:

1. Verbs denoting sense perceptions: to see, to hear;

2. Verbs denoting mental activity: to know, to believe, to think (=have an opinion),

to doubt, to feel(=have an opinion), to guess, to imagine, to mean, to realize, to

recognize, to remember, to suppose, to understand;

3. Verbs denoting wish: to want, to wish;

4. Verbs denoting feelings: to love, to like, to dislike, to hate, to prefer;

5. Verbs denoting abstract relations: to be, to have, to contain, to depend, to

belong, to concern, to consist of, to deserve, to fit, to include, to involve, to lack,

to matter, to need, to owe, to own, to possess, to appear, to resemble, to seem;

6. Verbs denoting physical properties of objects: to measure, to taste, to smell, to

sound, to weigh;

7. Verbs denoting affect or influence: to astonish, to impress, to please, to satisfy,

to surprise.

Ex. 1.Answer the questions using the words in brackets:

1. Is he writing a letter? (watch television).

2. Are you reading Byron’s poems? (learn them by heart).

3. Is Dad smoking in his study? (read a newspaper)

4. Are they listening to the radio? (talk with a friend).

5. Are you hurrying to work? (go home).

6. Is Joan playing the piano? (listen to a concert)

7. Are you working at your essay? (write a film script)

8. Is she washing up? (cook)

Ex. 2. Answer the questions using the words in brackets:

1. Why is father making such a terrible noise? (teach the dog to bark)

34

2. What are you doing with the scissors? (cut out a dress)

3. where are you hurrying to? (run to catch a bus)

4. What are you doing in the shop? (buy a mink coat)

5. Why are you leaving so soon? (go to the University)

6. Why is she playing the violin so late? (rehearse for a concert)

7. why are the children listening so attentively? (listen to a favourite fairy tale)

Ex. 3. Put the verb into the correct form:

1.Please be quiet. I ______________ (try) to sleep.

2. Look! It _______________ (rain).

3. Why ________________ (look) at me like that? Am I green or something?

4. You _____________ (make) a lot of noise. Can you be a bit quieter?

5. Excuse me, I ____________ (look) for a phone box. Where can I find it?

6. It’s a good play, isn’t it? _____________ (you/ enjoy) it?

7. Listen! Can you hear these children next door? They ________________ (cry)

again.

8. Why ____________ (you/ wear) your fur coat today? It’s very warm.

9. I ____________ (not/go) to school this week. I’m on holiday.

10. I want to lose weight. I ________________ 9not/eat) sweets now.

COMPARE:

THE PRESENT CONTINOUOUS AND PRESENT INDEFINITE.

Ex. 1.Say whether the underlined verbs are right. Correct those which are wrong:

Examples: I don’t go there often. Right

Please don’t interrupt. He talks something Wrong – he is talking

1. Look! Someone is coming up the back door.

2. Do you talk about my book? I hope you like it.

3. Are you believing in ghosts?

4. Listen! Somebody tries to start the car.

5. He always goes there in spring time.

6. The people are worried that the traffic is increasing.

7. I’m thinking he is a good chap.

8. We’re usually going to Hampton by train.

Ex. 2. Put the verb into the correct form, the Present Continuous or the Present

Indefinite:

1. These things (not to belong) to my parents.

2. Look! He (come). I (want) to speak to him.

3. This stream (flow) to the lake at the bottom of the valley.

4. Today the river (flow) much faster than usual.

5. (it/ever/rain) on Madeira?

35

6. They usually (grow) vegetables in their garden but this year they (grow) nothing.

7. A: Can you ride a bicycle?

B: No, but I (learn). My brother (teach) me.

8. You can borrow my dictionary. I (not/need) it at the moment.

9. I usually (enjoy) music, but I (not/enjoy) this record at all.

10. I (not/believe) this man’s story.

11. My brother (live) in Cardiff. He has always lived in Wales.

Where (you sister/live)?

12. Vladimir is in England now. He (stay) with some of his friends.

13. She (look for) a new flat at the moment.

14. A: What your husband (do)?

B: He’s a broker but he (not/work) at the moment.


1.” Where is Andy?”- “Mary (read) her a bed time story.”

2. Modern trains (go) very fast.

3.” I’m afraid I must go now.”-“Where you (go)?”

“ I (go) to have lunch with my partner.”

4. It (be) the early bird that (catch) the warm.

5.” Why you (laugh)? “- she said.

“ Because you (talk) nonsense.

6. He (laugh) best who (laugh) last.

7. Actions (speak) lauder than words.

8. Eric (speak) to the dean and they both (smile).

9. That’s the way she always (react).

10. I’m so careless. I always (forget) my keys.

Test yourself.

Ex. 1.

1. A: Where (be) Andrew?

B: He (smoke) on the terrace>

A: I (think) he (smoke) too much.

B: Yes, he (be) a chain-smoker.

2. A: What (be) the music?

B: it (be) Ann. She (play) the piano.

3. – You (come) with us?

- I’d love to come. Where you (go)?

- We (drive) to the Lake District.

- You (take) the children along?

- No, we (leave) them with our parents.

- You (mind) if I (bring) my dog?

4. – Mike (come) tonight?

- No, he (work) hard at present.

- What he (do)?

36

- He (read up) for his examinations.

- But it (be) Saturday. I (be) sure he (not/go) to take his examination on Sunday.

- No, but he (say) he 9meet0 his girl-friend on Sunday, and the examination (be) on

Monday, so he (have) only tonight for his studies.

Ex. 2.

1. Mr. Smith (teach us at present. He (substitute) for Mr. Reese, who (be) our regular

teacher.

2.” I (go) to visit Peter tonight. He (leave) tomorrow morning.” – “ He (come) back

the same day?” – I (not/know).

3. John often (stay) in a hotel when he (come) to town, but tonight he (stay0 with us.

4.”Nick (leave) today.” – “What train he (take) for his journey?”- “He (catch) the

5.50 train.

5. The mechanic (repair) my car today. So I must go to work by the underground.

6. John (say) he 9leave0 for Chicago on the fifteenth.

7. I (go) to the seaside on my holiday.

8. My brother (come) to see me next week.

9. Whenever I (call) at the Smith’s home they (play) cards. I really (think) they (play)

every night.

10. Jack (make) at least ten spelling errors in every lesson.

Ex. 3. Translate into English:

1.В этой части света солнце садится рано. 2. Джойс едет завтра в Лондон. Ее

дядя хочет видеть ее. 3. Некоторым людям больше всего нравится лето

,некоторые любят весну или осень.4.’Что делают дети?’- Они слушают сказку и

рисуют.5.Джейн прекрасно рисует.6.Я пишу, чтобы пригласить вас к нам на

лето.7.Я сижу у окна и смотрю на море. Какое -то судно уплывает в даль(to sail

away). 8.Отец обычно ездит на работу поездом, но сегодня он на машине.

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.

I was writing a letter to my friend at 5 o’clock yesterday

from 5 to 6 on Sunday

when mother came

Ex 1. Here is a page from Mr. Cook’s diary.

8.00 – collect the car from the garage 4.30-5.30 - visit the dentist

10.30- meet the manager 7.30 - the organ concert

2.00- lunch with Peter 10.00 - walk the dog

11.00 – drive mother home

Write sentences saying what he was doing at these times:

At 8 o’clock he was collecting his car from the garage

At 10.45 he _____________________________________

37

At 2.20 ________________________________________

At 5 o’clock ____________________________________

At 8 o’clock ____________________________________

At 10.05 _______________________________________

At 11.10 _______________________________________

Ex. 2. One evening there was some gun shooting in the park near your house.

Use the words in brackets to make sentences saying what each member of your

family was doing at the time.

Example: (Don/have/a bath) Don was having a bath.

1. ( Mother /cook/in the kitchen) Mother ___________________

2. (Father/make/a phone call) Father ______________________

3. ( I/get ready to go out) I _________________________

4. (My sister/wash some clothes) My sister _________________

Ex. 3. Answer the questions using when and the verb of the subordinate clause in the

Past Continuous Tense:

Example: When did she meet Helen? (walk along the street)

She met Helen when she was walking along the street.

1. When did you catch that cold? (skate on a frosty day)

2. When did he write those nice poems? (have a holiday)

3. When did she learn the language? (live in England)

4. When did she hear that song? (listen to the radio)

5. When did you buy that book? ( read up for my exam)

6. When did the boy hurt himself? (ride the bicycle)

7. When did Philip lose his camera? (walk about the city)

8. When did he ring you up? (have supper)

Ex. 4. Put the verb into correct form, the Past Simple or the Past Continuous:

Example: While Sean was finishing (finish) the letter, the night fell (fall).

1. Dan (fall) off the tree while he (rescue) the cat.

2. Last night (read) in the bed when suddenly I (hear) a voice downstairs.

3. They (wait) for a taxi when I (arrive).

4. (you/have) a bath when I phoned?

5. I (not/ drive) very fast when I (see) her.

6. I (break) a plate last night. I (do) the washing up when it (slip) out of my hand.

7. Bob (take) a nap while I (paint) a ceiling.

8. We (not/go) out because it (get) dark.

9. What (you/do) at this time yesterday?

10. We (see) Amanda in the gallery. She (wear) her new necklace.


1. I (open) the shutters and (look) out. The car (stand) where I had left it.

38

2. Suddenly I (realize) that they (not/pay attention) to me any longer. They 9mutter)

something and all (look) in the same direction. I (turn) my head and (look) where

they all (look). A man (come) slowly down a steep little street that (lead) uphill the

houses on my right.

3. On my left I (see) the lights of the first house of the village, and I (hurry) towards it

through the wood when a sudden flash of light (make0 me stop.

4. At that time I (look for) a job.

5. Miss Nobbs (not/see) him leave the office. At half past four she (make) herself a

cup of tea.

6. The idea first (occur) to me that afternoon as I (back) the car into the garage.

7. I probably (drop) the key when I (fish) for small change in my bag at the news-

stand.

8. All through the night I (hear0 them work, open drawers, drag cases over the floor.

They (pack)

Test yourself:

Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous:

1. Mary (play) the piano; my wife (sew); John (read) when suddenly we all (hear) a

shout.

2. When the doctor (leave) the hospital, he (catch) a glimpse of himself in the glass

front door.

3. When her father (come) in she (sit) before a red tea –table, finishing a very good

tea.

4. Next day while he (shave), he (cut) himself slightly.

5. The door of his room (be) open; his mother still (stand) at the window.

6. And, smiling to himself, he (begin0 to make plans, fantastic plans for the future.

He still (smile) when he (walk) up the rock-cut steps.

7. I (sleep) soundly when the phone (ring).

8. We (sit) on our front porch when Mr. Smith (drive) up in his new car.

9. Crosby (cross) the street when the car (strike) him.

10. It (drizzle) when they (come) out of the house.

11. When the World War (break), John (live) in Holland.

12. It (get) dark and I (suggest) that we should go down.

13. John (come) in, (look) at the fire, (stand0 a moment, (turn) and (go) away.

14. As I (walk) home yesterday, I (meet0 a beggar who (ask) me for some money.

15. we 9come0 into the dining-room while our parents (eat) supper.

16. She (run) down the stairs and (go) to the library, where her husband (stand0 with

his mother.

17. Mike (lift) his eyes from the book and (look) out of the window. It still (snow).

18. We (drive) at about forty miles an hour when the accident (happen).

19. You (have) a good time at those parties?

20 A fortnight later Holt (fall) and (hurt) himself when he (ride) his motorcycle.

39

21. He (go) into the kitchen and (make) himself a cup of tea.

22. Eric (go) into the library and (sit) down to read a letter. The fire (crackle) merrily

in the fireplace, and outside the wind (howl).

23. He (take) a cushion, (put) it behind and (lean) back.

24. At half past four I (put) on the light.

25. When I (be) a boy, I (want) to be an actor.

26. While he (wait) to cross the Fifth Avenue, a man standing beside (cough)

painfully.

27. She (draw) aside the curtains and (look) out into the Square. Two cats (stand) in

the light of a lamp.

28. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open0 it, but I (not/recognize) him

at first because I (not/wear) my glasses.

29. When they (walk) up the street together they (begin) to talk.

30. When he (arrive0 home, he (go) straight to the sitting room and (take0 off the

picture.

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE.

He will be writing a letter to his friend at 5 o’clock tomorrow.

from 6 to 7 on Sunday

when she comes

Ex. 1. Put the verb in brackets into the Future Continuous.

1. Don’t ring her up at 12 o’clock. She (have) her music lesson.

2. At this time tomorrow the boys of our group (play0 football.

3. When we arrive in St. Petersburg, it probably (rain).

4. It is late autumn, soon the leaves (fall).

5. Let’s wait here; the Palace Bridge (open) in a minute to let that ship through.

Ex. 2. Open the brackets. Use the Future indefinite if the action is permanent,

repeated or it is a one-time action.

1. You (know) her. She (stand) at the news stand. She (wear) a scarlet rain coat.

2. I (tell0 her everything and I (show) her the papers. I promise you she (not/smile)

this time.

3. There 9not/be) anyone in when we (come). The secretary (have) lunch.

4. It (rain) when we (get) there.

5. Go straight up the street. The car (wait0 for you at the entrance to the department

store.

6. We are much too early. There (be) no one there.

7. Of course, I (be) still here when you (return), I (mark) the papers.

8. I don’t think she (be) there at time. She (sketch) somewhere along the coast.

40

9. No one (see) us come. They (have) tea on the terrace.

10. At this time she (do) her shopping.

Ex. 3. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite and

the Future Continuous.

1. When I (get) home, my animals (sit) at the door waiting for me.

2. It (be) the middle of June. They (come) soon.

3. If you (want) to see us, come to Tom’s on Sunday. We (wait) for you there at

midday.

4. At this time next week they (board) the plane to London.

5. They (have) English from nine to ten in this room.

6. I (wait) for you when you (come).

7. I (call) for her at eight. Don’t do it, she (sleep).

REVISION:

Put the verbs into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous

1. I (feel) you are right.2. I (think) we shouldn’t do it. 3. He (know) a lot of foreign

languages. 4. You always (want) something. 5. We (see) her tonight. 6. I (see) you

(know) it. 7. What you (think) about? 8. At the present moment I (feel0 fine. 9. Why

you (smell) the meat? Is it bad? 10. The flowers (smell) wonderful. 11. He

(not/remember) the rule. 12. She (like) the book very much. 13. You (like) theatre?

14. The book (consist) of 300 pages. 15. They (have) dinner now. 16. He (have) an

old car now. 17. We (have) five minutes left. 18. She (have) tea now? 19. When a

child I liked cucumbers, but now I (hate) them.

1. Not all people (wash) every day; Jack doesn’t.

2. Jack usually (read) novels at the lesson, but now he (play) cards.

3. - What you (do) tonight?

-I (go) to the pictures.

-How often you (go) to the cinema?

- I (go) there twice a month.

-You (come) with me tonight?

-I (not/think) so: it (rain).

4. Today Ralph (work) all day long, but usually he (work) only in the morning.

5. What your sister (do) this evening? = I think she (play) the violin. –Is it true that

she (play) it so well? –Ask our neighbours what they (think) of her art.

6. Why you (buy) so many cakes? Because I (feel) unhappy. I always (eat) sweets

when I feel unhappy.

7. Why you (shave) now in the afternoon? – Because guests (come).

8. He (have) an examination in English now. He (have) an examination twice a year.

9. They (discuss) the new film now. They (discuss) every new film.

41

10. Don’t speak so loudly! He (make) a report in the next room. He usually (make)

very interesting reports.

11. My sister (play) the piano now. She (play) well, she (have) music lessons twice a

week.

12. Father, the postman (come).

13. Look! Victor (bathe); he is not afraid of bathing on cold water.

14. Anna (sing) very well, but I (not/like) her singing today, she (sing) badly.

15. I (not/know) why this actress (dance) so badly, everybody (say) that she (be) a

good dancer.

16. Why you (say) that this sportsman (run) badly? I (think) he (run) well now.

17. Look, a mouse (run) after our cat. You (think) it (go) to bite him?

18. Kate (not/come) today.

19. At present Mr. Smith (try) to write a new novel. He (start) a new novel every

month, but never (finish) any.

20. I (see) a man at the corner, he (watch) us.

21. The girl who (pass by) (live) upstairs.

22. Who you (take) to dance this evening?

23. Peter always (fix) his car in his uncle’s garage. Right now he (install) new brakes.

Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous:

1. When I first met him he (work) at a factory.

2. But I really tried hard. I (study) from four till nine.

3. We (dance) the whole night – small wonder that we are sleepy now.

4. Jack (smoke) when his mother (enter) the room.

5. The moon (shine) when we (kiss).

6. Who you (dance) with when I (want) to talk to you?

7. I (stay) in London when the news (come).

8. The light (go out) when we (discuss) the future.

9. I (ruin) my watch when I (try) to repair it.

10. I (take) another cake when you (not/look).

11. When I (see) you yesterday you (talk) to someone.

12. As Jack (run) across the street a policeman (see) him and stopped.

13. Little Greta (come) into the kitchen where her mother (talk) to the milkman.

14. Didn’t you hear me knocking at the ceiling?

Oh, that’s all right! We (make) a lot of noise ourselves.

15. A certain sales manager had a very loud voice. One morning when he (shout) in

his office, the managing director (ask) his secretary.” What’s all this noise about?”

:Mr. Black (talk) to San Francisco, sir.” Was a reply.

“ The why on earth doesn’t he use the telephone? Asked the manager.

16. A Scotchman in America (look) at the statue to George Washington when an

American (approach). “ That (be) a great and good man,” the American said. “ A lie

never (pass) his lips. “ He probably (talk) through his nose like rest of you,” replied

the Scot.

42

17. A Scotsman (strip) wallpapers from the walls of his house when a friend (call) to

see him. “ Well, Sandy,’ said the visitor. “ are you going to have new paper?” “ No,”

replied Sandy “ I’m moving to another flat”

18. Judge: Who (drive) when you collided with the car?

Drunk: None of us. We (be) all in the back seat.

19. A woman motorist (drive) along a country road when she (notice) a couple of

repairmen climbing telephone poles. “ Fools! She (exclaim) to her companion. They

must think I have never driven before.

20. A school teacher who (tell) a class of small boys the story of the discovery of

America (end) with: ‘ And all this (happen) more than four hundred years ago.’ A

little boy, his eyes wide with wonder, (say) after a moment’s thought: “ Gee, What a

memory you’ve got!”

21. A little man (walk) to the box office, (buy) a ticket, and (go in). A few minutes

later he (return), (buy) another ticket and again (go) inside. Three times the same

thing (happen). When he (come) the fourth time the girl in the box office (be)

completely perplexed and (ask): “ Why do you keep buying tickets to go into the

theatre?” “ It’s not my fault,”- (reply) the little man. They keep tearing them up every

time I go inside.

22. How is your little brother, Johnny? He (hurt) himself yesterday. That’s bad. How

did he do it? We (play) who could lean furthest out of the window, and he won.

Open the brackets, using the appropriate tense forms.

1. I wondered why he (laugh). I could see nothing funny in what (go on).

2. What you two (talk) about? You (discuss) his play?

3. You (leave) the town early this summer?

4. When you (speak) to her about her lessons?

5. She (wear) dark spectacles. They are not just sun glasses. She (not/see) well.

6. Why you (wear) sun glasses on a grey day like this?

7. He (live) with his parents now.

8. I couldn’t see his face, he (sit) so that his face was in shadow.

9. When I (see) her last she (try on) hats at Angela’s.

10. For some fifteen minutes he (write) in silence without once raising his eyes from

what he (write).

11. We (walk) for some time. The road (get) worse, just a narrow goat trail.

12. You (leave) us soon. It (get) colder every day.

13. We were friendly at school. I still (see) him from time to time.

14. You (hear) from me one of these days.

15. Phone as late as you can. I (be) up. I (watch) the football game on TV. It’s semi-

final tonight.

16. The rain started when I (wait) for my bus.

17. Why did you speak to him like this? He only (try) to help.

18. I hate this place in autumn. It always (rain) there. It (rain) when we came and it

(rain) when we left.

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THE PERFECT FORMS.

HAVE +PARTICIPLE II.

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

Ex. 1. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect:

1. I don’t know this girl. I never (meet) her before. 2. “Where is Mother?” – “She just

(go) out.” 3. “Don’t you know what the film is about?” – “No, I (not/ see) it” 4.Don’t

worry about the letter. I already (post) it. 5. “Is he a good teacher?” – “Oh yes, he

(help) me a lot.” 6. I know London perfectly well. I (be) there several times. 7. I can’t

find my umbrella. I think, somebody (take) it by mistake. 8. “Do you speak

Spanish?” – “No, I never (study) it.” 9. “Do you know where they have gone?” –

“No, they (sell) their house and (not/leave) their address.”

Ex. 2. Answer the questions. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect:

Example: Is his article ready? (write)

Yes, he has written it.

1. Are her rooms clean? (do).

2. Is our dinner ready, Mother? (cook).

3. Does she know the poem? (learn).

4. Do you know this sort of pencil? (use).

5. Does he know how nice the cake is? (eat).

6. Do you know that your gloves are on the table? (find).

7. Is Robby’s face clean? (wash).

Ex. 3. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect and the Present Indefinite:

1. Look! They (stop). 2. I (want) to see you. I (not/see) you for ages! 3. “What (be)

your name?” – “My name (be) always Cole. 4. “You (read) this book?” – “Yes.” –

“What you (think) of it?” 5. I (not/be) to the Zoo before. It (be) a nice feeling to go

somewhere you never (be) before. 6. “You (know) Nick?”- “Yes”.- “How long you

(know) him?” – “I (know) him for 10 years.” 7. There (be) a lot of things I (want) to

do for a long time and I (not/do) them. 8. You (realize) we (know) each other for

quite a period of time now? And this (be) the first occasion you (ask) me to come

with you. 9. “You (know) the girl who just (leave) the shop?” – ‘Yes, that (be) Bella

York.” – “She (be) a customer of yours?” – “Not, exactly. She (be) here several

times, but never (buy) anything.” 10. I (know) you nearly all my life, but I never (see)

you so excited about anything.

The Present Perfect and the Past Indefinite (Simple).

Ex.1. Read the situation and then write a sentence.

Example: Ten minutes ago Granny lost her glasses. Now she has them on her

nose.

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Granny lost her glasses but now she has found them.

1. Harry went to Egypt but now he is back in Ireland again.

(go/come back) Harry ______________ but now ________________.

2. I lived in the centre but now I live in a new district.

(live/move) _______________________.

3. I had long hair. Now I wear it short

(have/ cut) ____________________________.

4. Ten years ago I met Fran. We are great friends now.

(meet/become) I _________________ and we ___________________.

5. He traveled to the North last year. You can read about it in his book.

(travel/write)_______________________________.

6. They bought a house three years ago. Now other people live in it.

(buy/sell) ________________________.

Ex. 2. Read the sentences below and correct those which are wrong.

Example: Have you written to Barry Lane yet? RIGHT

B. Shaw has written the play Pigmalion. WRONG – wrote

1. Newton has been an English physicist.

2. Oh, you have come just in time. We’re beginning in a moment.

3. Who has invented telephone?

4. Have you heard? Paul bought a new car!

5. Oh, I broke my pencil. Can you lend me yours?

6. My great-grandfather traveled to India once.

Ex. 3. Make sentences using the words given:

1. (they/ not phone/so far/ today) _________________________.

2. (how many times/ phone/you/ him/ yesterday) __________________.

3. (he/ come/ to see us/ three times/ this month) _______________________.

4. (it/not rain/ so far/ this summer) _____________________________.

5. (how many shoes/ you/ buy/ this season?) _____________________.

Ex. 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:

Example: I first saw him when he came to visit his aunt.

1. Mr. Hayes (work) as a solicitor when he lived here.

2. The Darcies live in Shancarrig. They 9live) there for 5 years now.

3. My grandparents are old. They (be) married for 55 years.

4. When I last (see) him he was 10 years old.

5. The summer (be) very hot so far, don’t you think?

6. Mr. Blake died 10 years ago. I (never/meet) him.

7. He doesn’t know my husband. He (never/meet) him.

45

Ex. 5. Open the brackets :

(A.B)

1. I just (call) him. 2. I (not/call) him yesterday, I was busy. 3. My parents just (go)

away. 4. She already (answer) the letter. 5. She (answer) it on Tuesday. 6. My friends

(go) away five minutes ago. 7. I (read) that book during summer holidays. 8. The

fisherman (sell) now all his fish. 9. He (sell) the last one half an hour ago. 10. I

(not/see) him for three years. 11. I (meet) him last week. 12. The newspaper (come)?

- Yes, Ann is reading it now. 13. You (wear) your hair long when you were at

school? – Yes, my mother (insist) on it. 14. He (not/ smoke) for two weeks. He is

trying to give it up. 15. When he (arrive)? – He (arrive) at 2.00. 16. You (shut0 the

window? 17. I (read) this book when I was at school. I (enjoy) it very much. 18. You

(be) here before? – Yes, I (spend) my holiday here last year. – You (have) a good

time? – Yes, the sun never (stop) shining. 19. The clock is slow. – It isn’t slow, it

(stop). 20. Here is your dress; I just (mend) it. 21. I (leave) home at 8.00 and (get)

here at twelve. 22. You (have) breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) it at 8.00. 23. You (see)

the stars last night? 24. We (miss) the bus. Now we’ll have to walk. 25. The lecture

just (begin). You are a little late. 26. He (break) his leg in a skiing accident last year.

27. I can’t go out because I (not/ finish) my work.

(B.C)

1. He showed her inside the house. “Oh, how lovely!” she exclaimed. “ And you (do)

it all by yourself? When you (buy) the house?” 2. I understand you (have) an

unpleasant experience at the week-end? What (happen) exactly? 3. You remember

the shell you (find) on the beach? 4. “ How many children you (teach) in that

family?” the girl asked her new governess. 5. “What is going on here?” Mel sighed,

“We (have) a storm for three days. It (ruin) everything here.” 6. “ Hello,” the little

girl said to her mother and looked at her companion. “Come and say “How do you

do” to Mr. Zappa.” – “ I (see) him already.” – “ You can’t have done dear. He only

just (arrive) here.” – “ I (see) him in the hall this afternoon.” 7. “ I say, your cheek is

like a grater! You (not/ shave) today.” 8. You (not/ hear) what the pilot (say)? 9. At

school I (be) never good at languages, but here ( (pick) up a bit of French. 10. “ Good

night. It (be) nice to meet you,” he (say) and (go) off to his car.

Test yourself.

Fill in the blanks with the Present indefinite, the Past Indefinite , the Present

Continuous or the Present Perfect tense.

1. In the morning, coming down the stairs, Rosemary (see) Tony lying in the sitting

room. “ What you (do) here?” “ I (sleep) here.” “ I am sorry we (take) your room.” 2.

He’s a night watchman. He (work) at night and ( sleep) in the daytime. It’s noon now

and he still (sleep). 3. I first (meet) Richard a month ago, and I (meet) him several

times since then. 4. I usually (go) to bed before midnight. 5. I (sit0 here all night and I

swear I (not/ doze) for a moment. 6. What’s your brother doing? – He (play) with our

46

neighbour, they (play) tennis every day. 7. He wants to buy a car, but first he must

learn how to drive, so he (take) driving lessons. 8. I (write) to my parents a fortnight

ago, but I’ve not had a reply, so I just (write) again. 9.‘ Where is my daughter?” “She

(talk) to a policeman.” “What (happen?” “She (drive) without a license.” 10. It’s 3

p.m. and he (not/ eat) anything today, but he (eat) a good dinner last night. 11. Is

Mary ready to come out? – No, she still (dress). 12. I (read) this book several times. I

first (read) it in 1990. 13. He often (read) detective stories; he (read) a very good one

now. 14. She (not/ have) a holiday since 1996, but she 9have) a very long holiday in

1995. 15. “We (stay) here for nearly a week.” ‘I hope you (not/think) of leaving.”

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE.

HAD + Participle II.

Hardly…

Scarcely…

Nearly…

Barely…

+ Past Perfect… when + Past Indefinite

Examples:

He had hardly done it when they came.

( Hardly had he done it when they came.)

Ex. 1. Use the Past Perfect tense.

Example: Why didn’t you listen to that play on the radio?

I didn’t listen to that play on the radio, because I had heard it before.

1. Why didn’t you see Fred when you came to Moscow? (leave).

2. Why didn’t Kate want to go to the cinema? (see the film).

3. Why didn’t you tell him my new address? (forget).

4. Why didn’t Jeff hear about Kate’s examination? (pass).

5. Why did Fred come so soon from his holiday? (spend all money).

6. Why couldn’t you get into your flat at once? (lose the key).

7. What did you learn about Bob? (get married).

8. What did she read in the newspaper about the expedition? (return).

9. What did he learn about Helen from the letter he received? (be ill for a month)

Ex. 2. Make sentences using the words in brackets.

1. There was nobody at the platform. (the train/just/leave)

2. We didn’t find anybody at home. (everybody/already/go out)

3. The children were playing in the garden. (they/just/come from school)

4. Bob wasn’t at home when I arrived. (he/arrange/to meet some friends)

5. I couldn’t recognize the child after all that time. ( I/not see her/for seven years)

Ex. 3. Use the Past Perfect Tense of the verbs given in brackets to complete the

sentences.

1. When she went to bed, she remembered that she (not switch off the light)

47

2. She felt tired because she (walk a lot that day)

3. She went for a holiday after she (pass the exams)

4. I didn’t know what to do when they (show me the picture)

5. I didn’t look at the present until after she (go)

6. I was very sorry to hear that he (die)

7. He didn’t start speaking until the children (leave the room)

8. When I met Helen, I understood why Bill (marry her)

9. He understood the book only after he (read it again)

Ex. 4. Unite the following pairs of sentences. Use the conjunctions

after, as soon as. before, until, till, when

1. The sun rose. He woke up. (before)

2. He died. He was very ill. (before)

3. I understood the problem. He explained. (as soon as)

4. She wrote the letter. She went to the post office. (after)

5. She read the message carefully. She wrote the reply. (before)

6. He left the room. I turned on the radio. (as soon as)

7. He had dinner. He went to the cinema. (after)

8. The man didn’t leave the office. He didn’t receive a definite answer. (till)

9. We didn’t say a word. He finished his story. (until)

10. The snow was very deep. It snowed heavily. (after)

Ex. 5. Put the verb in brackets into required tense form.

1. They hardly (go) when aunt Julia (wander) slowly into the room. 2. He hardly

(reach) the door of his office when he (encounter) two young men. 3.He scarcely

(take) a few steps along the street, when three men (appear) from around the corner.

4. No sooner he (start) to play than one string on the violin (break). 5. They barely

(leave) the room when the chaos (break) out. 6. No sooner they (arrive) at

Rougemont than her sister (ring) up from home about an accident with her little

daughter. 7. No sooner the curtains (fall) than he (rise) to go. 8. Hardly he (ask) the

questions when she (answer) them. 9. He scarcely (settle) himself on a little heap of

straw in the corner, when he (fall) asleep. 10. The rain nearly (stop) when he (reach)

his hotel.

Ex. 6. Use the Past Indefinite and The Past Perfect.

1. She realized that she was going to faint. She (eat) nothing since the picnic.

2. His wife (not be in). She (go) out a quarter an hour before.

3. After dinner Mr.Grag proposed a game of cards. He (not play) cards since his

illness.

4. Dr. Lecter (be) English, though he (live) in America for thirty years.

5. His smile (be) something she never (see) before.

6. He decided to wait till he (talk) to the man himself.

7. He (come) into the room a moment after I (get) there.

8. When he (return) at eleven o’clock the telegram (arrive).

9. When they (go) I (get) busy at the desk.

48

10. When evening (fall) their son 9leave) the house.

11. I hardly (be) there five minutes when Mrs Brown (come) in with the coffee.

12. He (promise) to ring me up when he (get) a definite answer.

13. Scarcely they (move) into the new flat when their friends (come) in.

14. The evening (go) off easier she (expect).

15. But the village he 9show) her (be) the best she ever (see).

16. Just at that moment a boy and a girl (come) and (sit) down where the old couple

(be) before.

17. I (keep) silence for a little while, thinking of what he (tell) me.

18. Soames (spend) the night at Winchester, a place he often (hear) of but never (see).

19. She (know) why he (come).

20. Within a week she (know) the fearful mistake she (make).

Ex. 7.

1. We (sit) down to the table only when all the guests (arrive).

2. There (be) a curious expression on his face I never (see) before.

3. Almost opposite (be) that gallery where she first (meet) him and John.

4. He (be) a teacher at the University, as his father (be) before him.

5. There (be) silence after she (go).

6. From downstairs (come) the sound of radio playing a song he never (hear) before.

7. And, paying for what he (not/eat), he (go) out, passing two acquaintances without

sign of recognition.

8. Julia, who (go) half way down one flight, (come) back.

9. There (be) something vaguely familiar about her face but I couldn’t remember

where I (see) her before.

10. About twenty people already (arrive) when they (enter) the hall.

Ex. 8. Insert the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect.

1. We hardly (leave) town, when it (begin) to rain. 2. The moon (not/rise). There was

nothing to dispel the dark of the night. 3. On glancing at the address, he observed that

it contained no name. The stranger (not/go) far, so he followed him to ask. 4. When at

his house, they (tell) me that he (leave) an hour ago. 5. No sooner he (take) a drink

himself, than Mrs Fettle (look) in. 6. When I (come) to see my friend, I (find) him

lying in bed. He (look) very pale as he (be) seriously ill for a whole month. 7. He

hardly (light) another cigarette, when the general (come) into the courtyard. 8.

Gemma went slowly down the stairs, Martini following in silence. She (grow) to look

ten years older in these few days, and her hair (become) gray. 9.Presently the sounds

of voices and footsteps approaching along the terrace roused her from the dreamy

state into which she (fall). 10. She was a woman of nearly fifty who (be) obviously

pretty once. 11. Moreover, to him (the doctor) the affair was commonplace; it was

just a hysterical woman who (quarrel) with her friend and (take) poison. 12. I (leave)

home at 8 o’clock, but I (not/go) far when I (remember) that I (forget) to lock my

door. 13. When Alison (disappear) the first strains of the orchestra came stealing out

49

to me from inside the hall. 14. Scarcely I (close) the door when a gust of wind (open)

it again.

Ex. 9. Put the verb in brackets into the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous and the

Past Perfect.

1. He (close) the window and (sit) in his armchair, reading a newspaper.

2. When I (arrive) the lecture already (start).

3. The rain (stop) and the sun (shine) brightly.

4. Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just (leave), so we only had time for a few

words.

5. I (watch) his eyes pretty closely while we (exchange) these remarks.

6. When we (reach) the field, the game already (start).

7. He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction.

8. When I (look) for my passport, I (find) this old photograph.

9. You looked very busy when I saw you last night. What you (do)?

10. He (not/be) there five minutes, when the storm (begin).

11. He (not/allow) us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind (blow).

12. I (call) Paul at 7.00 but it wasn’t necessary because he already (get) up.

13. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, but I (not/recognize) him

at first because I (not/wear) my glasses.

14. When he (seal and stamp) the envelope, he (go) back to the window and (draw) a

long breath.

15. I (see) you yesterday from the bus. Why you (use) a stick? – I (use) it because I

(hurt) my leg that morning.

16. We (return) home at nightfall and we (be) very glad to get home again, but we

(have) a wonderful day.

17. As they (walk) along the road they (hear) a car coming from behind them. Tom

(turn) round and (hold) up his hand. The car (stop).

18. When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. She (wear) a blue dress and

(look) very pretty.

19. When I (see) him he (paint) a portrait of his wife.

20. While he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain.

21. While I (say) goodbye to the rest of the guests Isabel (take) Sophie aside.

22. The men (say) that they (work) on the road outside my house and that they (want)

some water to make tea.

REVISION.

The Sailor and the Monkeys.

Once a sailor (come) to South America. He (have) a lot of red woollen caps

with him. He (be going) to sell them there. On his way to the nearest town he (must)

go through a forest in which there (be) a lot of monkeys in the trees.

50

At noon, when the sun (shine) brightly in the sky, the sailor (lie) down on the

grass to rest under a large tree. He (take) one of the caps out of his bag and (put) it on

his head and almost immediately he (fall) asleep.

When he (wake up) he (find) that all the caps (disappear). Suddenly he (hear)

some strange noise over his head. He (look up) and (see) the tree full of monkeys

and each (wear) a red woollen cap! They (steal) all his red caps! The sailor (begin) to

shout and throw stones at them but the monkeys (be going not) to give the red caps

back. They (be) very pleased with themselves.

The sailor (get) very angry with the monkeys. He (take off) the cap which he

(put on) before going to sleep and (throw) it angrily on the ground: “ If you (keep)

my caps and (want not) to give them back to me, you may take this one too!”

At the same moment all the monkeys (take off) the red caps and (throw) them

on the ground.

The sailor (take) the caps, (put) them into the bag and (go) away.

A night accident.

One night I (wake up) in the middle of the night as I (hear) a slight noise. I

(feel) sure that someone (stand) outside my bedroom door. I (be) awfully sorry now

that I (not lock) it before going to bed.

As I (hurry) to lock it, I called :“ Who’s there?” There (be) a strange sound.

Then I heard that someone (run) upstairs. My curiosity made me open the door and I

(find) the corridor full of smoke which (come) from Mr. Rochester’s room. I

understood that someone (set) fire to the house. I (forget) all my fears and (run) into

the master’s room.

He (sleep). Everything around him was in flames and smoke. I (throw) some

water to wake him up and to put out the flames. I explained what I (see). He thought

for a few seconds. “ Jane, I have been watching you all this time, and I can’t help

admiring you!” “ If we (not hurry) now, it (be) too late. “ I (call) for the servants?”,

asked I. “ No, (not do) it!” he answered. “ If Adele (hear) anything and (wake up) she

(frighten). I am glad you are the only person who (know) about it. And thank you.

You (save) my life for the second time!

The Nightingale and the Rose.

Once there was a poor Student who (fall) in love with a beautiful girl. But she

(say) to him one day, “ I (dance) with you if you (bring) me a red rose.” “ But it’s

winter now! And there (be) no roses in my garden!”, cried the unhappy Student. “ If I

(not get) a rose she (forget) me and my heart (break).

From the tree the Nightingale (hear) how he (cry) and decided to help him. She

(fly) to the rose tree under the Student’s window and asked for one red rose. But there

(be) no roses on that tree. But the tree (tell) her there (be) a terrible way to get a rose.

The Nightingale (think) that love was better than life, so she agreed.

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The young Student still (lie) on his bed. He (not leave) his room for a few days

already. Be happy, cried the bird, ‘ You will have your rose if you (promise) that you

(become) a true lover.” But the young man (can) not understand what the Nightingale

(say) to him. And the bird (sing) all night with her breast against the thorn of the rose

tree. And out of her song and blood there appeared a beautiful red rose.

In the morning the Student (look) through the window and (see) that the bird

(die). Then he (notice) a wonderful red rose on the tree. “ What luck! I never (see)

such a wonderful flower in all my life!”, he cried. He (run) to the girl with the rose in

his hand. “ I am afraid it (not go) with my jewels,” she said, “everyone (know) that

jewels (cost) more than flowers!” “ You are ungrateful!” cried the Student angrily

and he (throw) the rose into the street and (return) to his dusty books.

An English Tale.

Once upon a time there (live) a man who (marry) a bad-tempered woman. She

could not run the house properly and always (object0 to any improvements her

husband suggested.

As a result the man (be) very unhappy until his wife (die). By that time he

(grow) quite old and his only son already (grow up).

One day the man (give) his son two horses and a needle and (tell) him to go

about the country and travel until he (meet) a young couple. He (tell) the young man

to find out which of them (be) the real head of the family. If he (see) that the wife

(obey) the husband he was to give the latter one of the horses as a present, but if he

(discover) that the wife made all the decisions he was to give her the needle.

The son (start )off. He (travel) for three days when he (come) across a house at

the side of the road which, as people (tell), (occupy) for some time by a young

married couple. When the young man (enter) the house the young couple (have

dinner). He (explain) what he (tell) to do.

“ We (be married) three years and I never (take) a single step without talking it

over with my husband,” (say) the woman. “ It’s shameful not to obey one’s husband.

I always (be) a very obedient wife. Isn’t that so, John?” she added turning to her

husband.

“ Of course,dear,” John (agree).

“Then,(say) the young man. One of the horses (be) yours. Which would you

prefer?”

After (examine) both the horses closely, the husband (be) the first to speak:

“ We (take) the white horse with the grey spots. I (like) his strong legs.”

“ Oh no, John,” the woman (interrupt) at once. “ We (take) the black one.”

“ Of course, dear,” John agreed without hesitation. “ I (not mind) taking the

black one if you (like) it.

“ That’ll do,” (say) the young man. “ I (change up) my mind.” And he (give)

the woman the needle.

52

Список литературы:

1. Ионина А.А., Саакян А.С. Английская грамматика: теория и практика. М;

Рольф, 2000.

2. Дроздова Т.Ю., Берестова А.И., Маилова В.Г. English Grammar: Reference

and Practice. СПб: ООО «Издательство «Химера», 2000.

3. Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А., Лукьянова Н.А. Учебник английского языка.

ККЖИ «Правда Востока» Ташкент «Высшая школа», 1982.

4. Мальцева Н.А., Цветкова И.В., Пояганова Е.И., Заварина Н.Н. Сборник

упражнений по грамматике английского языка Effective English «Глосса

Пресс» Москва 2005.

5. Мальцева Н.А., Жималенкова Т.М. Universal Reference English Grammar

«Глосса Пресс» Москва 2003.

6. Murphy R. “English Grammar in use” Cambridge University Press 1992.

7. Alexander L. G. “Longman English Grammar for intermediate students”

Longman, 1992.

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Дерягина Ирина Яковлевна

Английский язык

Сборник упражнений по грамматике

для практических занятий студентов

1 курса очной формы обучения

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