The Periodic Table of Elements
23
The Periodic Table of Elements 118 U uo 117 U us 116 U uh (292) 115 U up (288) 114 U uq (289) 113 U ut (284) 112 U ub (285) 111 Rg (272) 110 Ds (269) 109 Mt (268) 108 Hs (269) 107 Bh (264) 106 Sg (266) 105 Db (262) 104 Rf (261) 103 Lr (262) 88 Ra (226) 87 Fr (223) 86 Rn (222) 85 At (210) 84 Po (209) 83 Bi 208.980 82 Pb 207.2 81 Tl 204.383 80 Hg 200.59 79 Au 196.967 78 Pt 195.078 77 Ir 192.217 76 Os 190.23 75 Re 186.207 74 W 183.84 73 Ta 180.95 72 Hf 178.49 71 Lu 174.967 56 Ba 137.327 55 Cs 132.905 54 Xe 131.29 53 I 126.904 52 Te 127.60 51 Sb 121.760 50 Sn 118.710 49 In 114.818 48 Cd 112.4 47 Ag 107.868 46 Pd 106.42 45 Rh 102.906 44 Ru 101.07 43 Tc (98) 42 Mo 95.94 41 Nb 92.906 40 Zr 91.224 39 Y 88.906 38 Sr 87.62 37 Rb 85.468 36 Kr 83.80 35 Br 79.904 34 Se 78.96 33 As 74.922 32 Ge 72.61 31 Ga 69.723 30 Zn 65.39 29 Cu 63.546 28 Ni 58.69 27 Co 58.933 26 Fe 55.845 25 Mn 54.938 24 Cr 51.996 23 V 50.942 22 Ti 47.87 21 Sc 44.956 20 Ca 40.078 19 K 39.098 118 U uo 117 U us 116 U uh (292) 115 U up (288) 114 U uq (289) 113 U ut (284) 112 U ub (285) 111 Rg (272) 110 Ds (269) 109 Mt (268) 108 Hs (269) 107 Bh (264) 106 Sg (266) 105 Db (262) 104 Rf (261) 103 Lr (262) 88 Ra (226) 87 Fr (223) 86 Rn (222) 85 At (210) 84 Po (209) 83 Bi 208.980 82 Pb 207.2 81 Tl 204.383 80 Hg 200.59 79 Au 196.967 78 Pt 195.078 77 Ir 192.217 76 Os 190.23 75 Re 186.207 74 W 183.84 73 Ta 180.95 72 Hf 178.49 71 Lu 174.967 56 Ba 137.327 55 Cs 132.905 54 Xe 131.29 53 I 126.904 52 Te 127.60 51 Sb 121.760 50 Sn 118.710 49 In 114.818 48 Cd 112.4 47 Ag 107.868 46 Pd 106.42 45 Rh 102.906 44 Ru 101.07 43 Tc (98) 42 Mo 95.94 41 Nb 92.906 40 Zr 91.224 39 Y 88.906 38 Sr 87.62 37 Rb 85.468 36 Kr 83.80 35 Br 79.904 34 Se 78.96 33 As 74.922 32 Ge 72.61 31 Ga 69.723 30 Zn 65.39 29 Cu 63.546 28 Ni 58.69 27 Co 58.933 26 Fe 55.845 25 Mn 54.938 24 Cr 51.996 23 V 50.942 22 Ti 47.87 21 Sc 44.956 20 Ca 40.078 19 K 39.098 102 No (259) 101 Md (258) 100 Fm (257) 99 Es (252) 98 Cf (251) 97 Bk (247) 96 Cm (247) 95 Am (243) 94 Pu (244) 93 Np (237) 92 U 238.029 91 Pa 231.036 90 Th 232.038 89 Ac (227) 70 Yb 173.04 69 Tm 168.934 68 Er 167.26 67 Ho 164.930 66 Dy 162.50 65 Tb 158.925 64 Gd 157.25 63 Eu 151.964 62 Sm 150.36 61 Pm (145) 60 Nd 144.24 59 Pr 140.908 58 Ce 140.116 57 La 138.906 102 No (259) 101 Md (258) 100 Fm (257) 99 Es (252) 98 Cf (251) 97 Bk (247) 96 Cm (247) 95 Am (243) 94 Pu (244) 93 Np (237) 92 U 238.029 91 Pa 231.036 90 Th 232.038 89 Ac (227) 70 Yb 173.04 69 Tm 168.934 68 Er 167.26 67 Ho 164.930 66 Dy 162.50 65 Tb 158.925 64 Gd 157.25 63 Eu 151.964 62 Sm 150.36 61 Pm (145) 60 Nd 144.24 59 Pr 140.908 58 Ce 140.116 57 La 138.906 12 Mg 24.305 11 Na 22.990 4 Be 9.012 3 Li 6.941 12 Mg 24.305 11 Na 22.990 4 Be 9.012 3 Li 6.941 1 H 1.008 1 H 1.008 2 He 4.003 2 He 4.003 18 Ar 39.948 17 Cl 35.453 16 S 32.066 15 P 30.974 14 Si 28.086 13 Al 26.982 18 Ar 39.948 17 Cl 35.453 16 S 32.066 15 P 30.974 14 Si 28.086 13 Al 26.982 10 Ne 20.180 9 F 18.998 8 O 15.999 7 N 14.007 6 C 12.001 5 B 10.811 10 Ne 20.180 9 F 18.998 8 O 15.999 7 N 14.007 6 C 12.001 5 B 10.811 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Lanthanides A ctinides
description
The Periodic Table of Elements. Periodic Periodic Law Periodic Table. Something periodic occurs at regular or at least generally predictable intervals Periodic law - physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Periodic Table of Elements
The Periodic Table of Elements
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
1H
1.008
1H
1.008
2He4.003
2He4.003
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Periodic Periodic Law Periodic Table
• Something periodic occurs at regular or at least generally predictable intervals
• Periodic law - physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
• Periodic Table of Elements – a table of the elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties; based on the periodic law Can you think of anything that is periodic?
Element• A pure substance made up of one kind of
atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
• 90 occur naturally on earth• 25 were synthesized (made) by scientists
http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html
Dmitri Mendeleev• In the 1860’s he
devised a periodic table where the elements were ordered by their atomic masses
• He did this by grouping elements together according to their similarities
• Draft of Mendeleev's Periodic Table
Image taken from: http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2006-04-18/fido-luxuriantflowinghair/mendeleev/
Why do you think there are question marks here?Image taken from: http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/periodictable/post16/develop/mendeleev.htm
Mendeleev’s Published Periodic Table of Elements
Mendeleev’s Predictions• Although Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Elements
had missing elements or “gaps,” he was able to predict the characteristics of these missing elements because of Periodic Law.
Date Predicted
1871 Date Discovered
1886
Atomic Mass 72 Atomic Mass 72.6
Density 5.5 g/cm3 Density 5.47 g/cm3
Bonding Power
4 Bonding Power
4
Color Dark Gray Color Grayish White
“Ekasilicon” GermaniumNotice how
Mendeleev’s predictions
(orange column) were
veryaccurate when compared to Germanium’s
actual characteristics
(green column)
Henry Moseley• In 1914, his work led
to a revision of the periodic table by rearranging the elements by their atomic numbers
• He concluded that the number of protons in an atom is its atomic number
• Sample X-ray Spectra
Image taken from: http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/sceti/smith/
3 Classes of Elements
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W
183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W
183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
1H
1.008
1H
1.008
2He4.003
2He4.003
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Class ColorMetal
Non-Metal
Metalloid
Using this as a guide, color code your periodic table to
show the three classes. Start by highlighting the
“zig-zag.”
MetalsLocation
• Found on the left of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table (exception Hydrogen)Chemical Properties
• Have few electrons in their outer energy level, thus lose electrons easilyPhysical Properties
• ductile, good conductors, malleable, shiny, most are solid @ room temperature What metal is not a solid
@ room temperature?
Image taken from: http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictableelements/
ig/Element-Photo-Gallery.--98/Sodium.htm
11Na
22.990
79Au
196.967
Atoms with Few Electrons in their Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 1 electron in outer
level
Notice: only 2
electrons in outer level
++
+
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
+
+++ --
-
-
11Na
22.990
4Be
9.012
Non-MetalsLocation
• Most found to the right of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic tableChemical Properties
• Most have almost full outer energy levels, thus they tend to gain electrons; some have completely full outer levelPhysical Properties
• not ductile or malleable, not shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas at room temperature
Image taken from: http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/resource/ptable/cl.htm
Image taken from:https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/rockandmineral/sulfur.asp
16S
32.066
17Cl35.45
3
Atoms with Full or Almost Full Outer Energy Level
Notice: 7 electrons in outer level – almost full
Notice: 2 electrons in outer level –
FULL
Notice: 6 electrons in outer level – almost full
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
+
+
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
++ -
-
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
2He
4.003
MetalloidsLocation
• Border the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic tableChemical Properties
• Most atoms have ½ (≈) complete set of electrons in outer levelPhysical Properties
• have properties of both metals and non-metals Image taken from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
Image taken from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
5B
10.811
14Si28.08
6
Atoms with ½ (≈) Complete Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 3 electrons in outer
level
Notice: only 4 electrons in outer level
+
+
+++
-
-
-
-
-
++
+++
+
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
-
-
-
5B
10.811
14Si28.08
6
Important Features of the Periodic Table:Period (Row)
• each horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OR RIGHT TO LEFT
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W
183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W
183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
1H
1.008
1H
1.008
2He4.003
2He4.003
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
How many
periods (rows)are on the
Periodic Table
Of Elements
?
Period (Row) Properties• Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered
from the top down)• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase
as you move from the left to the right in a period
• All atoms of the elements in the same period have the same number of orbitals/levels
• All atoms of the elements in a specific period have that respective number of orbitals/levels– Example
• Period 1 = 1 orbital• Period 2 = 2 orbitals• Period 3 = 3 orbitals
• Etc…
Examples of Period (Row) elements having the same number of orbitals/levels in their atoms
++ ++ --
-
-
+
++++++
-
-
-
-
--
-
- +
++
++++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
In what period (row) doyou think
these atoms reside?
In what period (row) doyou think
these atoms reside?
•each column of elements on the periodic table
Important Features of the Periodic Table: Group (Family)
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR BOTTOM TO THE TOP
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
1H
1.008
1H
1.008
2He4.003
2He4.003
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
How many groups (families)
are on the Periodic Table Of Elements?
Group (Family) Properties• Eighteen groups on the periodic table
(numbered from left to right) • Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase
as you move from the top down in a group (family)
• Atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbitals/levels of their atoms (known as valence electrons) – Exceptions:
• Transition elements (3-12) • Hydrogen (could be 1 or 17) • Helium (actually has 2 valence electrons)
• Elements in groups usually have similar physical and chemical properties
Examples of Group Elements with the same # of valence electrons
87Fr(223)
55Cs132.905
37Rb85.468
19K
39.098
11Na22.990
3Li
6.941
1H
1.008
++
+
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
+++
-
-
-
+++
+++
-
-
-
How many electrons do each of these atoms have in their outer
orbital/level?
What group (family) do these elements reside in?
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W
183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W
183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
1H
1.008
1H
1.008
2He4.003
2He4.003
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Group (Family) NamesAlkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
MetalsTransition Metals
Boron GroupCarbon
GroupNitrogen
GroupOxygen GroupHalogens
Noble Gases
Identify the Element
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W
183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
118Uuo
117Uus
116Uuh(292)
115Uup(288)
114Uuq(289)
113Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88Ra(226)
87Fr(223)
86Rn(222)
85At(210)
84Po(209)
83Bi
208.980
82Pb207.2
81Tl204.383
80Hg200.59
79Au196.967
78Pt195.078
77I r192.217
76Os190.23
75Re186.207
74W
183.84
73Ta180.95
72Hf178.49
71Lu174.967
56Ba137.327
55Cs132.905
54Xe131.29
53I
126.904
52Te127.60
51Sb121.760
50Sn118.710
49I n114.818
48Cd112.4
47Ag107.868
46Pd106.42
45Rh102.906
44Ru101.07
43Tc
(98)
42Mo95.94
41Nb92.906
40Zr91.224
39Y
88.906
38Sr87.62
37Rb85.468
36Kr83.80
35Br79.904
34Se78.96
33As74.922
32Ge72.61
31Ga69.723
30Zn65.39
29Cu63.546
28Ni58.69
27Co58.933
26Fe55.845
25Mn54.938
24Cr51.996
23V
50.942
22Ti47.87
21Sc44.956
20Ca40.078
19K
39.098
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
102No(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es(252)
98Cf(251)
97Bk(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu(244)
93Np(237)
92U
238.029
91Pa231.036
90Th232.038
89Ac(227)
70Yb173.04
69Tm168.934
68Er167.26
67Ho164.930
66Dy162.50
65Tb158.925
64Gd157.25
63Eu151.964
62Sm150.36
61Pm(145)
60Nd144.24
59Pr140.908
58Ce140.116
57La138.906
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
12Mg24.305
11Na22.990
4Be9.012
3Li
6.941
1H
1.008
1H
1.008
2He4.003
2He4.003
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
18Ar39.948
17Cl
35.453
16S
32.066
15P
30.974
14Si
28.086
13Al
26.982
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
10Ne20.180
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
7N
14.007
6C
12.001
5B
10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Period 2 – Group 14 Carbon - CPeriod 5 – Group 2 Strontium - SrGroup 17 – Period 6 Astatine - AtGroup 4 – Period 7 Rutherfordium - Rf
Using the Periodic Table• The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a
significant amount of information. To understand this information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table’s key(s)
Atomic Number (Number of protons)
Element Symbol(Written with a capital letter or a capital followed by a lower case if two letters )
Atomic Mass(Rounded to a whole number, equals the number of protons and neutrons)
8O
Oxygen15.999
Class Color
MetalNon-MetalMetalloid
State (@ Room Temp.)
Symbol
ColorSolidLiquidGas
Which class does Oxygen
fall into?
What is Oxygen’s physical state of matter?
Element Name
