Elements and the Periodic Table

The Periodic Table and the Elements

What is the periodic table ?What is the periodic table ? What information is obtained from the table ?What information is obtained from the table ? How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?

Periodic Table You must be

familiar with it but do not need to memorize all of it

Periodic Table Information Each square on the

periodic table contains the following information: Atomic Name Atomic Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Mass

Atomic Name & Symbol The Element (or atomic) name is

the name of the element in english. It is how all scientists identify the element.

The Atomic Symbol is one or two letters that stand for the element. The first letter is always

CAPITALIZED and the second letter is always lower case.

The symbol often comes from an ancient Greek or Latin name

Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Number The atomic number

shows the number of protons in the element.

The atomic weight (mass) number shows the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the element.

The atomic mass is an average of all common isotopes.

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)•In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification nearly identical classification schemes for elements known to schemes for elements known to date. date.

•The periodic table is base on The periodic table is base on the similarity of properties and the similarity of properties and reactivities exhibited by certain reactivities exhibited by certain elements. elements.

•Later, Henri Moseley Later, Henri Moseley ( England, 1887-1915) ( England, 1887-1915) established that each elements established that each elements has a unique atomic number, has a unique atomic number, which is how the current which is how the current periodic table is organized.periodic table is organized.

The Periodic Table The periodic table

is based on a theory

The periodic theory, like all theories, is constantly evolving.

The following slides give an overview of this evolution.

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Note that the

elements that are now at the tops of the columns were at the sides in Mendeleev’s table.

1902: New Column for Noble Gases

1914: Reorganized by atomic number

Since 1923,26 elements have been added.

1940s: Two new rows were added.

Should Helium go here?Should Hydrogen go here?

1902: New Column for Noble Gases

1914: Reorganized by atomic number

Since 1923,26 elements have been added.

1940s: Two new rows were added.

Should Helium go here?Should Hydrogen go here?

The Periodic TableA map of the building block of matter.

1IA

18VIIIA

11H

1.00797

2IIA

Periodic Table 13IIIA

14IVA

15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2He

4.0026

23

Li6.939

4Be

9.0122

5B

10.811

6C

12.0112

7N

14.0067

8O

15.9994

9F

18.9984

10Ne

20.179

311

Na22.9898

12Mg24.305

3IIIB

4IVB

5VB

6VIB

7VIIB

8 9VIIIB

10 11IB

12IIB

13Al

26.9815

14Si

28.086

15P

30.9738

16S

32.064

17Cl

35.453

18Ar

39.948

419K

39.102

20Ca40.08

21Sc

44.956

22Ti

47.90

23V

50.942

24Cr

51.996

25Mn

54.9380

26Fe

55.847

27Co

58.9332

28Ni58.71

29Cu63.54

30Zn65.37

31Ga65.37

32Ge72.59

33As

74.9216

34Se78.96

35Br

79.909

36Kr83.80

537

Rb85.47

38Sr87.62

39Y

88.905

40Zr91.22

41Nb

92.906

42Mo95.94

43Tc[99]

44Ru

101.07

45Rh

102.905

46Pd106.4

47Ag

107.870

48Cd

112.40

49In

114.82

50Sn

118.69

51Sb

121.75

52Te

127.60

53I

126.904

54Xe

131.30

655Cs

132.905

56Ba

137.34

57La

138.91

72Hf

178.49

73Ta

180.948

74W

183.85

75Re186.2

76Os190.2

77Ir

192.2

78Pt

195.09

79Au

196.967

80Hg200.59

81Tl

204.37

82Pb

207.19

83Bi

208.980

84Po[210]

85At[210]

86Rn[222]

787Fr[223]

88Ra[226]

89Ac[227]

104Ku[260]

105 106 107 108 109http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html

How is someone supposed to remember all of those names? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYW50

F42ss8

Think Tom Lehrer was just reading off a sheet? Well how about this!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSAaiYKF0cs

If that muggle Harry can do it then you guys can too!

Two Basic Groups of Elements Most elements are metals

High electrical conductivityMetallic luster,Higher melting pointsDuctility and malleability

Non-metalsPoor conductivity,Non-metallic luster,Solids that are brittle

Electrons

Are responsible for the chemical properties of atoms. The electronic configuration determines the types of atoms that can be bound to one another, the strength of the bonds, and the types of bonds.

Atomic Families METALS

ALKALI METALSALKALINE EARTH METALSTRANSITION METALSSEMICONDUCTORS / METALLOIDS

NONMETALSHALOGENSNOBLE GASES

ALKALI METALS On the left side of the

periodic table in Group I Are very reactive because

they all have only one electron in their outer shell.

Form +1 ions Are shiny and light in weight Good Conductors of heat

and electricity Very malleable Ductile

ALKALINE EARTH METALS Second most reactive family of

elements On the left side of the periodic

table in Group II not as reactive as the alkali

metals because they have two electrons in their outer shells.

Form +2 ions Good Conductors of heat and

electricity Very malleable Ductile

TRANSITION METALS Found in the center of the

periodic table Groups 3 to 12 Can bond with many elements

in a variety of shapes Good Conductors of heat and

electricity Have high melting points Very malleable Ductile Transition metals form

compounds that are brightly colored

SEMICONDUCTORS

Intermediate Conductors of heat and electricity, can only conduct under certain conditions

Have some properties of metals and some of nonmetals

NONMETALS

Have low melting points and boiling points

Poor Conductors of heat and electricity

Form negative ions Very plentiful on earth

HALOGENS Have low melting points and

boiling points Poor Conductors of heat and

electricity Form -1 ions Very reactive because they

are only missing one electron to have a full valence shell

Often occur as diatomic molecules

NOBLE GASES

Located in the far right column of the periodic table, Group 18

Occur as single atoms Their outer electron shells

are full Rarely combine with other

elements, very non-reactive All are gases at room

temperature

Outcomes

1.3.1 - identify examples of common elements, and compare their characteristics and atomic structure

1.3.2 - use the periodic table as a classification system and compile data about its structure

Outcomes

1.3.3 - identify the elements and number of atoms, given a chemical formula

1.3.4 - provide examples of scientific knowledge that have resulted in the development of technologies

1.3.5 - provide examples of technologies that have enhanced, promoted, or made possible scientific research

Outcomes

1.3.6 - explain and provide examples of how society’s needs for chemistry incorporate science, technology, and environment