The periodic table of elements
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Transcript of The periodic table of elements
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Alkali metals, earth metals, halogens, and noble gases
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The Periodic Table
Proposed by Mendeleev
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Groups and Families
Elements in the same column have similar chemical characteristics.
Periodic means repeated pattern of characteristics.
There are 18 families on the periodic table.
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The Periodic TableGroup or Family
12
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 1718
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The Periodic Table
Rows are called periods.Rows are called periods.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Names and Symbols Element names have symbols with 1-3
letters The FIRST letter is always capitalized. The rest of the letters are always
lowercase.
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Groups and Periods Period tell you the number of main
energy level Group tells you the number of valance
electrons Valence electrons are electrons in the
outer most energy level
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Metals Located generally on the left and center of
the periodic table. Generally solid at room temperature Grayish Color, shiny surface, and conduct
electricity. Ductile and Malleable Most elements are metals.
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Nonmetal Does not conduct electricity. Generally gases at room temperature Located on the right side of the periodic
table. Brittle Dull
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The Periodic Table
Metalloids have properties of metals as well as nonmetals.
Metalloids have properties of metals as well as nonmetals.
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The Periodic Table
Transition Elements: subgroup of the metals that often form colored compounds (B group)Transition Elements: subgroup of the metals that often form colored compounds (B group)
Transition Elements
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The Periodic Table
Lanthanide & Actinide Elements: Rare Earth Metals and elements used in nuclear
reactions
Lanthanide & Actinide Elements: Rare Earth Metals and elements used in nuclear
reactions
Lanthanide Actinide
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Very reactiveExplode when exposed to water
Do not occur alone in nature One electron in outer shell Softer then most metals Lithium least reactive Francium most reactive Needs to lose 1 e- to be like a noble gas
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Lithium (Li)Discovered in 1817 by Johann ArfvedsonUses: batteries, ceramics, medicine
Sodium (Na)Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey DavyUses: medicine, agriculture, streetlights, cosmetic products
Potassium (K)Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey DavyUses: glass, soap, fertilizer, matches
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Rubidium(Rb)Discovered in 1861 by R. BunsenUses: catalyst, photocells, special kinds of glasses and lasersCesium (Cs)Discovered in 1860 by Fustov KirchoffUses: removes air traces in vacuum tubes, atomic clocks, treating certain cancers, infrared lamps Francium (Fr)Discovered in 1939 by Marguerite DereyUses: none knownradioactive
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Have an oxidation number of +2 Very reactive
Not as reactive as Alkali metals Not found in nature Two electrons in outer shell Soft metal Low-density Need to lose 2 electrons to be like a
noble gas
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Beryllium (Be)Discovered in 1798 by Fredrich WohlerUses: spacecraft, missiles, aircraft
Magnesium (Mg)Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey DavyNecessary for the growth and metabolism of most living organismsUses: airplanes, missiles
Calcium (Ca)Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey DavyUses: cement, plaster, bones, teeth, shells
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Strontium (Sr)Discovered in 1790 by A. CrawfordUses: in pyrotechnics (fireworks), magnets, medicine, flares, crimson color
Barium (Ba)discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey DavyUses: Pyrotechnics (fireworks), paint, radiology, medine
Radium (Ra)Discovered in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie Uses: Medicine, cancer treatment, radioactive
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Non-metallic “halogen” meaning “salt-former” Have 7 electrons in their outer shell Oxidation number of -1 At room temperature, exist in a solid,
liquid, and gas form Fluorine most reactive and Astatine
least reactive Needs to gain 1 e- to be like a noble gas
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Fluorine (F)Discovered in 1886 by Joseph Henri MoissanUses: refrigerants, in toothpaste
Chlorine (Cl)Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm ScheeleUses: water purification, bleachesGas
Bromine (Br)Discovered in 1826 by Antoine J. BalardPoisonous liquid
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Iodine (I)Discovered in 1811 by Bernard CourtoisEssential in humans solid
Astatine (At)Discovered in 1940 by D.R. CorsonUses: none knownMan-maderadioactive
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Oxidation number of 0 Have maximum number of electrons in
outer shell Stable unreactive
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Helium (He)Discovered in 1895 by Sir William RamsayUses: balloons, deep sea diving, in stars
Neon (Ne)Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay Uses: lighting (neon lights), liquid coolant
Argon (Ar)Discovered in 1894 by Sir William Ramsay Lighting, weldingMost abundant
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Krypton (Kr)Discovered in 1898 by Sir William RamsayUses: photography, incandescent lamps
Xenon (Xe)Discovered in 1898 by Sir William RamsayUses: powerful lamps, bubble chambers, lasersRarest gas in the atmosphere
Radon (Rn)Discovered in 1898 by Fredrich Ernst DornUses: treating cancerradioactive
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Fill in the Periodic Table Color and label the following
Color in the boxes for Metals as greenColor in the boxes for Non – metals as light
orange Color in the boxes for the Metalloids as light
purpleWith a black pen trace the staircase Alkali Metals ~ Outline boxes in blueAlkaline Earth Metals ~ Outline boxes in
yellowHalogens ~ Outline boxes in brown Noble Gases ~ Outline boxes in red
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B
Ge
Te
At
Si
As
Sb