1. Modified by Akbar Ali @ Habitat 2. CONTENTS Introduction Who are Mughals? Emperors Military Traditions Relations Religion Akbars policies Mughal style of architecture Influence of Mughal Empire On the subcontinent Fall of mughal empire Conclusion 3. IntroductionIntroduction Mughals created an empire and accomplished what had up till now seemed possible for only short periods. They expanded their kingdom from Agra to Delhi. 4. Who Are Mughals?Who Are Mughals? The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers. From their mothers side they were descendants of Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol tribes, China & Central Asia. From their fathers side they were the successors of Timur, the ruler of Iran, Iraq & Modern-day Turkey. 5. Great Mughals 6. The first Mughal Emperor was Babur. He rules fargana when the Lodi were ruling India. The Local rulers invited to India. He also interested to expand his kingdom 7. He was also talented poet and writer. Tuzuk i- Baburi or Baburnama 8. In 1526 - I Battle of Panipat Ibrahim Lodi Babur IbrahimLodi 9. Son of Babur 1530-1540 & 1555- 1556 1. No proper system of administration 2. Brothers were unsatisfied with their territories 3. Kingdom was under threat 1. Rajputs 2. Afgans (Sher Shah ) 10. Humayun & Sher Shah First Time in 1532 - Sher shah In Chausa & Kanauj (1539) Sher Sha Exiled to Persia HUmayun SherSheshah 11. The Sur Empire ( 1540-55) Sher Sha Real Name 0- Farid Khan Sher Administration 1. Reformed Land revenue 2.Intruduced Rupia Silver coin 3. Reduced custom duties Road ( Grand Trunk Road) 12. Muslim, Indian and Western Historians all see Akbar as the greatest ruler throughout Indian history. He became emperor at the age of thirteen in 1556. He conquered more lands than any of his ancestors before him had. He was very wise in his rulings and tried to govern all his people equally and fairly. Bairam Khan 13. Akbar nama Second battle of Panipat Hemu (Afgan Ruler & Akbar ) Friendship with Rajputs 14. Policies Rajput Policy Treated them honorably Married Rajput families , (Jodha Bai ) Religios freedom Gave post to them Raja Birbal Raja Man Singh 15. Religious Policy Treated all are equal Abolished pilgrim Tax Encouraged to build temples Participated Hindu festivals, holi, Diwali etc 16. Learning about Religion Ibadat Khana Hall of worship @ Fatepur Sikri Held debates and discussions with religious teachers Din I ilahi One God Simple path Worship the Sun, Fire Sul hi Kul ( Universal peace ) 17. Meaning Conqueror of the world Military campaigns Defeated Rana Amar Sing of Mewar Conquered Kangra Ahammadnagar 18. English Traders 1612 English East India Company set up trading post at Surat Sir Thomas Roe visited Mughal court 1615 Owe 19. Nur Jahan Was wife of Jahangir So powerful Issued coins 20. Shah Jahan ruled from 1628 1657 Khurram He built a new capital and many other buildings. The TajMahal in Agra. When his favorite wife died while giving birth to her fourteenth child, took over twenty years to build 21. Military campaigns Bundelkhand Deccan Bijapur & Golconda annexed 22. European Traders He defeated porguese , they were not paying customs duties. Architecture Taj Mahal Shajahanbad 23. Shah Jahan Real Name : Khurram Later : Shah Jahan Ruler of the World Defeated his brothers Wife : Mumthas Sons : Dara Shikoh, Shah Shuja, Aurangazeb and Murad Baksh. 24. Military Campaigns Many revolts Bundelkhand Deccan Bijapur & Golconda Through treaty Samarkhand 25. AURANGZEB The last great Mughal ruler was Aurangzeb Alamgir. Period divided into 2 phases 1658-1680 ( North India ) 1681 1707 ( Deccan ) 26. Orthodox Muslim Simple life Never wore costly Robes, gold, silver vessels Sewed caps and copied the Quran Called Zinda pir 27. Revolts Jats ( Agra Mathura Region ) Satnamis Bundelas Rajputs Sikhs Marathas 28. Deccan Policy Last 26 years concentrated in Deccan Tried to crush the power of Marathas Annexed - Bijapur , Golconda Difficult to administrate It was failure 29. Mughal Court Ceremonial ( Formal ) Kurnish and taslim Taslim - concluding portion of the Muslim prayer (salat) Kurnish Reports from nobles Meeting Place - Diwan I Khas Public meeting Diwan i- Aam 30. Administration Mix of Indian and Persian traditions Central administration Prime minister Wazir Revenue Diwan Military mir Bakshi Royal household - Khan I saman Chief Judge - Judge etc. 31. Provincial administration Called Subs head subadar Suba divided in to Sarkars & parganas Leaders - Kotwal 32. Revenue Land & Trade were 2 main source of income 1- Todar Mals bandobast Land was properly measured Land divided in to 3 categories Good,Average, Bad 33. The last great Mughal ruler was Aurangzeb Alamgir. During the fifty- year reign, the empire reached its greatest physical size but also showed unmistakable signs of decline. Aurangzeb restored Mughal military dominance & expanded power southwards. 34. Military Babur, the first Mughal emperor , succeeded to the throne of ferghana in 1494 when he was only 12 years old. He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to invasion of Mongol group, the uzbegs. In 1526 he defeated the sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim lodi, at panipat & captured Delhi & Agra 35. Religion Mughals followed a different kind of religion. It was named sulh-i-kul .As in the wide expanse of the divine compassion there is room for all classes and the followers of all creeds, so. in his Imperial dominions, which on all sides were limited only by the sea, there was room for the professors of opposite religions, & for beliefs, good & bad, and the road to intolerance was closed . Sunnis and shias met in one mosque and Christians and Jews in one church to pray. He consistently followed the principle of universal peace {sulh-i-kul} it was also followed by jahangir & shan jahan.