The mughal empire

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THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 1500-1700 (India)

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1500-1700 (India). The mughal empire. HISTORY OF INDIA IN 1400S. Lush country  many cities & temples Hindu lower classes labored for Muslim/Hindu masters Gupta Empire collapsing 1 st Ottomans ( Timur the Lame) conquers New Delhi, then… Huge clash between Hindus (India) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of The mughal empire

Page 1: The  mughal  empire

THE MUGHAL EMPIRE1500-1700 (India)

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HISTORY OF INDIA IN 1400S Lush country many cities & temples Hindu lower classes labored for

Muslim/Hindu masters Gupta Empire collapsing 1st Ottomans (Timur the Lame) conquers

New Delhi, then… Huge clash between Hindus (India) & Muslims (Ottomans) Hindus won New Delhi is destroyed and weak

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BABUR 1494 – 11 yr. old boy, BABUR, inherits kingdom in N. India But elders drove him away He moved south & later set groundwork for

MUGHAL EMPIRE

Strong & sensitive leader; “Renaissance Man” Defeated massive RAJPUT army (“sons of kings”

or Turkish warlords & moved into New Delhi Area weak, so nomadic people invade India,

called Mughals or “Mongols” (Muslim)

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AKBAR: THE GOLDEN AGE Grandson of Babur; aka “Great

One”

1556 – 1605: comes to power, gains land & builds a unified Mughal Empire – Golden Age

He is a Muslim

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AKBAR’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS Rules with religious tolerance Abolishes special taxes on non-Muslims Bureaucracy of educated officials rules

efficiently Reorganized taxes to represent % of crops

(more $) War-like – armies are equipped with heavy

artillery Employs some potential enemies

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AKBAR’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS CONTINUED Cultural diffusion – many

cultures/languages combined Upper class spoke Persian Common people spoke Hindi (Persian &

local language) ; Army people spoke Urdu (Arabic, Persian & Hindi)

book illustrations – miniatures were detailed, colorful stories library & schools architecture – massive, graceful, decorated

with stonework of Hindu themes

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JAHANGIR Akbar dies in 1605; his son rules aka “Grasper of the World” weak ruler & relied on his wife, NUR

JAHEN Raises taxes & neglects people Persecutes Sikhs religion that blends

Buddhism, Hinduism, & mysticism Ended religious toleration

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SHAH JAHAN Secured throne through assassination of all rivals Greatest accomplishment: built TAJ

MAHAL, tomb for his deceased wife, Mumtaz Mahal

BUT country suffered because spent so much time & money to build it increased taxes

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TAJ MAHAL

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AURANGZEB Shah Jahan sick, so 3rd son, AURANGZEB, takes throne (kills brother & puts S. Jahan in

prison) EXPANDS MUGHAL EMPIRE TO

ITS GREATEST SIZE BUT empire is weak because of

oppression of his people (harsh laws & destroys temples)

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EMPIRE’S DECLINE & DECAY Long line of weak rulers

Mughal Emperor now only wealthy figurehead

Empire no longer united because of corruption; now bunch of independent states

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EUROPEANS MOVE IN TO TRADE Europeans (Portuguese, Dutch, French,

& English) had trading outposts in Mughal Empire the whole time Mughals not threatened by them

Aurangzeb gave them port of Bombay big mistake , BIG important city for trade in the future.

TRADE: British wanted Indian textiles, mostly COTTON & SPICES

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