The Middle Ages (476-1300) What is so different about Europe?
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Transcript of The Middle Ages (476-1300) What is so different about Europe?
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The Middle Ages(476-1300)
What is so different about Europe?
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Do Now: Review ~ Post-4761. What happened to Western
Europe after the “fall of Rome?”
2. What happened to the eastern portion of the Roman Empire?
3. What was going on in the Middle East shortly after Rome fell?
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Post–“Fall of Rome” (476 A.D.)
1. W. Europe is isolated; “Dark Ages” begin– Germanic invasions: divided into small
Christian kingdoms (400-700)– No centralized government
2. Byzantine Empire: – Eastern Orthodox Christianity– Age of Justinian; Golden Age
3. Islam emerges (Arabia, 7th C)– New religion & empire; Golden Age– Armies in Africa, Europe & Asia
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Task:
• You are living in Western Europe after 476 A.D., how would you
find protection?• How would you find safety/order
when no government exists?Create a list of ideas.
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1. Why did the man visit the Godfather?
2. What was the result of their visit?
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In order to attain order in Europe post-fall of Rome (476) FEUDALISM developed.
A political/social system where land is exchanged for loyalty. “And we will
provide you with support and soldiers”
“I will give you land (manor) to
rule and govern”
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Feudalism:
SERFS
LORDS/Nobles
2. Why was this system
created?
L
A
N
D
L
O
Y
A
L
T
Y
Do Now:
1. Explain this system?
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Task:• You are living in Western Europe after
476 A.D., what would you look for in a ruler? (characteristics, traits, qualities, beliefs)
– What advice would you give him/her about the state [condition] of Western & Eastern Europe?
– What changes would you want him/her to pursue? Why?
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• Need for security and stability!
• No centralized government (post-fall of Rome!)
• European Invasions!
Why was feudalism brought to Western
Europe?
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What ideal is the cartoon portraying?
CHIVALRY!
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1. Controls Spiritual life– Decides who gets sacraments (controls salvation)– Refusal to obey Church law punished by excommunication
• Banned from the Church– Cannot obtain sacracments, cannot obtain salvation
– Penalty of interdict: faced by nobles; exclusion of an entire town from receiving sacraments!
-Leaders give into Church pressure!
2. Controls Secular life– Pope (head of RCC) has power over secular rulers
• Added order & stability to Europe– Tithe: tax (1/10th of income); required ALL Christians to
pay– Religion linked to social life; church becomes social center
• Cathedral schools, lead to universities
Why did the Church have so much power?
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Evidence of ____________Power:
Medieval ________________Romanesque (early
ma)Gothic (late
ma)
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St. Filibert, France 10th Century
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German Cathedral (8th – 11th)
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Romanesque Floor PlanRomanesque Floor Plan
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CA
TH
ED
RA
L A
T R
EIM
SGO
TH
IC C
ATH
ED
RA
LS
5th C – 12th C
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“Flying Buttress”
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“FLYING BUTTRESSES”
St. Etienne, Bourges, 12th Century
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Do Now: Why was the Church so powerful during the MA?
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Roman Catholic Church & PersecutionANTISEMITISM:
Prejudice against Jews
• How were the Jews persecuted?
• Why were they persecuted?
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Reflection:
1. How and Why were the Jews persecuted?
2. What is your reaction to this persecution? Explain.
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The Age of Charlemagne (768-814) “Charles the Great”
• Western Europe enjoys period of Christian unity
• Successful conqueror• Pope proclaims
Charlemagne ‘emperor’ (800)– Widens the divide
between Eastern & Western Europe
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– Vikings destroy unity of Charlemagne’s empire
– Scandinavian: Norway, Sweden, Denmark
– Warriors, traders, explorers
European Invasions:
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Do Now:
1. Western Europe2. Middle East3. Eastern Europe
During the early Middle Ages, what do you think
relationships were like between these THREE parts of the world? How do you
know?
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Do Now: How can government
convince people to join the army?
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Task:• Your task is to create a propaganda
poster that aims to recruit soldiers to join the Crusades.
– Ideas MUST pertain to Pope Urban’s speech
– Your poster MUST be set in the Middle Ages• The information must focus on the
values of Medieval Europe.• Your grade is based on the following:
1. Effectiveness/Allure – 3 pointsa. Includes HEADLINE & IMAGE
2. Accuracy – 2 points (of historical information)
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THE CRUSADESa series of wars fought between the Christian and Muslim world for the
“holy land”
“Deus lo volt!” – God wills it!
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The First Crusade• Council of Clermont
(1095) – Pope Urban II calls for a crusade to free “Holy Land” from Turk invaders.
• Christians capture Jerusalem (1099)
• Massacre Muslim/Jewish residents.
• More crusades launched• Muslims are victorious
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Do Now:Questions:1. What was the goal of the
Crusades?2. Who was Pope Urban?3. Why would people want to fight
in the Crusades?4. Who fought in the Crusades?
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Do Now:
Questions:
1.Who won the Crusades? Why?
2. How was Europe affected by the Crusades?
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Saladin• Muslim leader
• Conquers Jerusalem in 1187
• By 1291, Muslims conquer last Christian territory (entire Holy Land)
• Massacre Christians
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Map of the Crusades
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“The Greatest Failure in History”
1. Cultural Diffusion: Euro contact Eastern cultures
- Muslim/Byzantine goods & ideas2. Revival of learning
– Greek/Roman (Byzantines) & Muslim advances 3. Increased demand led to increased trade
New marketsNew wealth
Rise of a middle class (bourgeoisie) Growth of new cities
Impact of the Crusades
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High Middle Ages: The Black Death 1. Who: (was affected)
2. What: (happened)
3. Where: (did this happen)
4. When: (did this happen)
5. Why: (did this happen)
6. How: (did this happen)
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The High Middle Ages: How did life change?
(use Guided Reading to help)1. Agricultural production/Population
increase 2. Rise of trade
- wealth, new goods3. Rise of cities4. Rise of a business economy5. Rise of a middle class
- Decline of feudalism- Power of Kings increase (centralize)
6. Rise of Guilds
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The High Middle Ages: How did life change?
7. Criticisms against the church
a. Wealth•Leads to future problems
b. Worldly: devotion to family over Church duties
•SOLUTION: marriage outlawed for priestsc. Simony & Corruption: selling of Church
positions– SOLUTIONS: outlawed simony; Church ONLY
chooses Church officials (not kings/nobles)
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Church v. StateFrance, 13/14th Century
• Sequence of Events:– Philip IV: taxes French clergy
– Pope Boniface IV: forbids Philip to tax without papal consent
• Punishment: excommunication
– Philip IV: threatens to arrest clergy that refuses to pay; sends troops to seize Boniface
• French elect Pope
• Papacy moved to France (from Rome) – – Babylonian Captivity – lasts for 70 years)
• (14th century) Rome responds by electing their own pope! Two popes?
Why did Philip move the papacy?How did this decision affect the pope’s
power?
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Homework: Create a list of reasons explaining why the period of the Middle Ages may be considered the “best” and
“worst” of times! (2 lists total!)
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”
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“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: School
Teacher Student pencil
smartboard notes suspension
laughing cutting study
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“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Early Middle Ages
“Dark Ages” Manorialism Feudalism
Charlemagne Roman Catholic Church
Chivalry Fief
tithe
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“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Early Middle Ages
476 Vikings
invasions Gothic Byzantine Empire
excommunication salvation
Battle of Tours Islamic
Empire
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“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Early Middle Ages
Loyalty serfs
interdict Inquisition Roman Catholic
Church Chivalry Anti-
Semitism tithe
Eastern Orthodox
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“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Crusades
Jerusalem Pope Urban
Turks Muslims
Saladin “Greatest
Failure” Trade Cities Cultural Diffusion
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“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: High (Late) Middle Ages
Middle Class opportunity
Babylonian Captivity Centralized
Government simony
Bubonic Plague Education commerce worldly
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“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Anything Middle Ages
Loyalty serfs
interdict Inquisition Chivalry
manorialism Anti-Semitism Black
Death Eastern Orthodox
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“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Anything Middle Ages
knight manor Roman Catholic
usury Chivalry
Crusades Anti-Semitism
Babylonian Captivity
heresy
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