Europe’s Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance: 1300-1550
Life in the Middle Ages, 900-1300
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Transcript of Life in the Middle Ages, 900-1300
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LIFE IN THE MIDDLE AGES, 900-1300
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Manorialism
The manor was an agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants Free peasants tied to the land of a
manor were called SERFS By the ninth century 60% of the people
of Western Europe were serfs
Serfs worked 3 days a week and paid rent by giving a share of their produce to the lord
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Daily Life
The Church played an important role in manorial life Serfs had over fifty holidays a year
As trade returned, gold and silver coins replaced bartering MONEY ECONOMY
COMMERCIAL CAPITALISM: investing in trade and goods to create profits follows
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Cities
Cities became the centers of trade where merchants could live and build warehouses Most cities were usually built alongside
rivers Large cities had about 5,000 people In 1200, London had 30,000 people Venice, Milan, Naples, Florence, and
Genoa had about 100,000 each But these were small compared to the
Arabic cities of Damascus, Cairo, and Baghdad
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The Church
By the 1200’s, the Catholic Church was the most powerful force in Europe Even kings had to answer to the power of
the pope The land of central Italy even became
known as “The Papal States” Kings practice LAY INVESTITURE and try to
place people loyal to them in church offices Popes would order bishops to refuse to
offer sacraments as a way to exert pressure on kings
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Don’t Cross the Boss
Anyone who defied the Church was readily labeled a heretic: someone who went against church teachings
Dealing with heretics led to the INQUISITION: a special court who tried accused heretics Accused heretics were sometimes
tortured until they confessed
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A Center for Learning
Monasteries were places where students learned Roman law: today, we call them UNIVERSITIES The University of Bologna, Italy is the oldest
university in the world founded in 1088 University of Oxford founded in 1096 is the oldest
surviving university in the English-speaking world! Students studied the liberal arts: law, grammar,
arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy to earn a Bachelor of Arts and then a Master of Arts Students of Law, Medicine, and Theology could earn
the Philosophiae Doctor and earn a Doctorate Degree
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Reading and Writing
Universities instructed in Latin, but in the 1100’s, literature moved away from Latin to VERNACULAR: the language used in a particular region
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Architecture
During the Middle Ages, some of the greatest examples of architecture was built in Europe: the great cathedral churches
Romanesque Architecture was inspired by semicircular arches
Gothic Architecture is defined by the pointed arch, flying buttress, and ribbed vaults
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Lisbon Cathedral, 1147
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Lincoln Cathedral, 1311
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Gothic Architecture at its Best
Perhaps the two most famous examples of medieval Gothic architecture are…
Westminster Abbey, London Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris
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