The Importance of Energy Independence
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Transcript of The Importance of Energy Independence
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World oil reserves U.S. owns 2-3% U.S. uses 25%
The Importance of Energy Independence
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Rising petroleum prices Volatility of petroleum market Emissions and air quality
Environment Health
Energy Independence
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About the U.S. DOE Clean CitiesProgram
Advance U.S. Economic security Environmental security Energy security
Support local petroleum reduction U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Program
90 volunteer coalitions
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Promotion of Advanced technology vehicles Fuel blends Fuel economy Hybrid vehicles Idle reduction
Coalition activities Stimulate local economies Facilitate adoption of new
transportation technologies Make communities cleaner, healthier
places to live
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Figure 1: Clean Cities coalition locations. Source: DOE.
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National Alternative Fuels TrainingConsortium (NAFTC)
Programs to reduce dependence on oil Only nationwide alternative fuel and
advanced technology vehicle training organization in U.S.
Provides training infrastructure Increase nation’s energy security, lessen
dependence on petroleum, improve air quality
Network of National Training Centers (NTCs) Clean Cities Learning Program
(CCLP)
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Reducing Petroleum Consumption Petroleum = most consumed energy
source in U.S. About half of petroleum used is
imported U.S. spends
$5.7 billion per week on petroleum imports
$297 billion per year on petroleum imports
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Figure 2: Primary energy consumption by major source, 1949, 2010. Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.
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Figure 3: End-use shares of total energy consumption, 2010. Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.
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Figure 4: Primary energy consumption by source and sector, 2010. Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.
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Reducing Emissions Air quality/human health Increased “green” job opportunities Economic growth possibilities
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Figure 5: Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2004. Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change 4th Assessment.
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Figure 6: Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2004. Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change 4th Assessment.
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Figure 7: Major regulated tailpipe emissions. Source: NAFTC.
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Federal Requirements CAFE
Seeks to raise fuel economy standards Started during 1973 Oil Embargo
Energy Policy Act of 1992 Reduce U.S. dependence on foreign
petroleum Improve air quality Use of alternative fuel and advanced
technology vehicles DOE Clean Cities Program Federal, state agencies
The Need for Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles
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Figure 8: CAFE fuel economy standards for passenger cars. Source: NHTSA.
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The Energy Policy Act of 1992 definesalternative fuels as,
“…methanol, ethanol, and other alcohols; blends of 85% or more alcohol with gasoline (E85); natural gas and liquid fuels domestically produced from natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; electricity; biodiesel (B100); coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels other than alcohol, derived from biological materials; P-Series fuels (added to the definition in 1999).”
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Energy Policy Act of 1992 was amended by The Energy Conservation Reauthorization
Act of 1998 The Energy Policy Act of 2005 The Energy Independence and Security
Act of 2007 The National Defense Authorization Act of
2008 Executive Orders 13149, 13423, and
13514 Added provisions for new technologies Added requirements for federal fleets
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State and Local Requirements State requirements for fleets Differing local regulations Regulations depend upon state,
county, municipality, city
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Consumer Acceptance Vehicle support groups:
Current and prospective users Vehicle and component manufacturers Fuels industry representatives Government officials Automotive service technicians
Groups must be informed Education, outreach, training
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Reduced petroleum consumption Commonality of vehicles Familiarity with fuels and
technologies
Figure 9: Toyota Prius, the first modern hybrid electric vehicle commonly found on today’s roadways. Source: Toyota.
Did You Know?
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The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that, in the near future, alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles will comprise more than 20% of the light-duty vehicles in the United States.
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Consumer Demand Factors peaking consumer interest:
Higher conventional fuel costs More vehicle options Improved technology and reliability Increased concern for the environment
Combination of technologies New vehicle applications
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Increase in AFVs on the road By 2015, HEVs = 7% of U.S. vehicle
market OEM alternative fuel applications Alternative fuel conversions Adaptations to changing market
demands
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Figure 10: Alternative fuel vehicles in use (1995-2009). Source: AFDC.
Note: The graph does not include concept or demonstration vehicles.
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Rising fuel prices create demand, wider availability
Lower EPA emissions regulations, increased CAFE standards
Consumers must accept new technologies
Benefits to health, environment, economy, energy security
Summary