The impact of transport on wine shelf life? Gilles Doyon ......Red wine from Vincor International...
Transcript of The impact of transport on wine shelf life? Gilles Doyon ......Red wine from Vincor International...
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1Agriculture etAgroalimentaire Canada
Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada Canada
IMPROVING THE HANDLING, TRANSPORT AND
STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR WINE BIBs:
The impact of transport on wine shelf life?
IMPROVING THE HANDLING, TRANSPORT AND
STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR WINE BIBs:
The impact of transport on wine shelf life?
Gilles Doyon, P.Ag., Ph.D.
Food Research and Development Centre, 3600 Casavant West.Saint-Hyacinthe, QC. J2S 8E3.
Canada. [email protected]
Performance BIB General Meeting, Larochelle, France, 27 nov. 2006
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2Agriculture et Agriculture andAgroalimentaire Canada Agri-food Canada
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Introduction
The Bag-in-Box type (BIB) of wine packaging is gaining in popularity since 1995.The Province of Quebec has its own marketing particularity: the « Société des Alcools du Quebec » (SAQ).The SAQ controls the supply, quality and distribution of alcoholic beverages.11000 points of sale (POS) at Retail level.
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Introduction…Wine is sold through groceries, 3 and 4L, as well as bottles, convenient stores and SAQ’s own marketing chain.The Quebec territory is widespread and represents 1.5 M sq km.Much transportation, handling, loading and reloading are involved.Damages can be significant and there are complaints of poor shelf life.
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Introduction…The optimum shelf life: 10 – 12 months.Fatigue of the metallized polyester ( Met. Pet ) structure of BIB causes increased O2permeability ( Temperature influence ) and reduced quality.Is it possible to find a pre- selection test for films used in BIB to predict film / material damages?Are the valve and its neck need to be considered when assessing O2 permeation through the BIB?Improve re-cyclability is a must ( Al componant ).
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Introduction…There is a SAQ specification for total O2permeation: < 0,5 cm3/m2.day.unit ( 30oC).Doyon et al. (1995) have developed a glass capture cell to measure O2permeation of valves + necks.A new stainless steel capture cell was developed and tested and flex crack simulation by Doyon et al. ( 2005 ).
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Bag-in-box in coming…pre- filling
Seals
Verification
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Down the Conveyor into « Boxing »!?
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Bag-in-box, 4 L format
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StackingBIB intoboxes on pallets
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Loadingthe truck
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Filling in the Trailer Neat and Tidy!
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Proper Handling + Trained staff!!
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Storage at SAQ…and Retail Distribution
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On The Road Again…! Time…?$
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ObjectivesIdentify the localization of damages on the metallized polyester material on BIB that occur during transportation and distribution, and correlate with a standard method for mechanical damage: Gelbo Flex-cracking. Some predictions with a meaning?Design a new capture cell and a testing procedure for valve and neck with rapid set up capability under consideration?
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Materials and methods
Red wine from Vincor International Inc. (Marieville,Qc., Canada), in 4 L BIB format was collected after passing through 5 routes.There was a total of four loadings and four unloadings.Total distance covered ranged from 414 to 809 km, and age from 3 to 8,1 months.
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Bag-in-box film was placed on a fluorescent light source to highlight damages that occurred throughout distribution.Four samples, 10 cm X 10 cm were cut in each bag for measurement of oxygen permeation through the material.
Materials and methods
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Material to be Cut and Flexed, as well as Valve + neck ( couple ) to be tested
Seals
Verification
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Sampling, Bag-in-box- Examination
front back
valve
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Materials and methods…Oxygen transmission was measured with a Mocon Oxtran 10/50 (MN, USA) using 100 % oxygen at 23 and 30°C.
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Materials and methods…( New 2005 Oxtran 2/21, Mocon )
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Capture cell: principle
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Materials and methods…
A Gelbo Flex- cracking tester was used under controlled conditions (ASTM F392-93) to simulate material wear. The number of cycles were: 1, 50, 100, 125, 200 and 500.The new Capture Cell is composed of (1) top part, where N2 flows, and (2) bottom part, flushed with 100 % O2.
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Original Appearance of unused BIB material
Valve
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Results: Damage distribution, BIB
valve
front back
Leastdamages
Leastdamages
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Appearance of BIB material, route 1
Bottom
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Appearance of BIB material, route 1
Top
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Apperance of BIB material, route 5
Top
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Appearance of BIB material, route 5
Bottom
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Materials and methods : Gelbo
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Results and discussion
Although route 5 was shortest (414 km) it was longest in terms of storage time, or age (8,1 months). Highest O2permeation (4,99 cm3/m2.d.atm).
Visual inspection also revealed significant damage to the bags.
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Route 5 shortest + oldest
St-Hyacinthe Montreal
SherbrookeLongueuil
147 km
147 km
60 km
60 km
Total distance: 414 km; Age: 8,1 months
DMZE= 243cycles
TR= 4.99cc/m2 .d.atm. 30oC
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Routes 3 & 4
St-Hyacinthe Quebec city
La MalbaieLongueuil
200 km
149 km
400 km
60 km
Total distance: up to 809 km; Age: 3,2 months
DMZE= 116cycles
TR= 3.64 cc/m2 .d.atm. 30oC
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Routes 1 & 4
St-Hyacinthe Quebec city
Beauport Longueuil
200 km
10 km
260 km
60 km
Total distance: 530 km; Age: 3 months
DMZE= 43 cycles
TR= 2.45 cc/m2 .d.atm. 30oC
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Routes 3 and 4 were longest (809 and 606 km), but O2 permeation was lower with 3,63 and 3,65 cm3/m2.d.atm.Routes 1 & 2 versus 3 & 4: 530 km vs 809 km with 2,45 vs 2,64 cm3/m2.d.atm (little effect of distance).
Results and discussion…
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Results and discussion…
Back and front portion of BIB give similar results, except for route 5, where values are 0,54 cm3/m2.d.atm higher in the front portion.Top and bottom portion also give comparable results.
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Effect of induced flexures on permeation
Gelbo - Flex (number of cycles)0 100 200 300 400 500
Perm
eatio
n (c
m3 O
2/m2 ·d
·atm
) at 3
0°C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Y = (a + bx)1/2 r2 = 0,97**
Suggestedtest zone for pre-selection
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Results and discussion…There is a strong relationship between damages induced by Gelbo Flex wearing and O2 permeation.A square root type relationship is established between number of cycles and permeation.Routes 1, 2, 3 and 4: equivalent to 50 cycles or less; route 5 to nearly 250 cycles.
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Using the DZFE = Damage Zone Flexing Equivalencedemonstrated its good indicator of material damages and O2 ingress prediction.Road 1&2 had means of 43 cycles andRoad 5 close to 245 cycles.High sensitivity to handling of Met.Pet isdemonstrated.Major inceases from 0-30 cycles ( 350% ) andreduced rate from 100- 130 cycles ( 11% ).Global intake at 30oC of O2 is around 60:40% withrespect to Valve + neck versus the BIB unit.
Results and discussion…
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Results and discussion…
The stainless steel Capture Cell is very suitable for valve and neck O2 leakage determination.A comparison of valve alone (Trt 2) vsvalve + neck (Trt 1) indicates that 10 and 16 % of O2 permeation in valve + neck at 23 and 30°C, respectively, comes from the neck.
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Conclusions
O2 permeation of BIB increases with storage time, little influenced by transportation distance but AGE.No differences between top and bottom parts, neither between back and front (at the 5 % level).Damages to BIB mainly located near the edges and around the valve.
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Conclusions…Gelbo Flex-cracking between 50 and 100 cycles sufficient to simulate abuse testing conditions and evaluate metallized polyester performance.The new stainless steel Capture Cell is suitable for valve/neck testing, and has a very low cell mounting leakage. A significant portion of O2 permeation in valve + neck comes from the neck attachment.
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Conclusions…New materials andtests…?/!