The Genuineness, Credibility, And Canonicity of the Bible

7/30/2019 The Genuineness, Credibility, And Canonicity of the Bible

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Vbvja; Vma @agqbgagass* C~afbnbjbvr* hgf Chgegbcbvr ei vma Neels ei vma Nbnja

Sqnobvvaf nr; Nennr Jeg`

Svqfagv BF; 8030/=41Fhva; Vmq~sfhr* Ht~bj 41* >440

Bgv~efqcvbeg

Vma Nbnja phs p~bvvag nr eya~ ie~vr hqvme~s sthggbg` eya~ sb}vaag mqgf~af rah~s' Vma

tagoags yechvbegs ~hgàf i~eo smaatma~fa~* ibsma~ohg* hgf vh} cejjacve~* ve fecve~* jhpra~*

hgf lbg`' Rav* vmab~ bgstb~hvbeg phs ei ega seq~ca< Mejr Stb~bv' Vma sve~r bs hs ~ajayhgv vefhr

hs bv phs pmag vma ib~sv pe~fs pa~a e~hjjr v~hgsobvvaf e~ p~bvvag fepg' Vma Nbnja vajjs vma

sve~r ei Kasqs Cm~bsv* vma Seg ei @ef hgf vma ~afaotvbeg ei ihjjag ohglbgf hgf vma qgbya~sa'

Bv vajjs hgrega pme ~ahfs bvs thàs ei vma sbgiqj svhva ei hjj ohg* hgf vma oahgs nr pmbcm pa

chg na kqsvbibaf bg vma aras ei eq~ Mejr C~ahve~' Bv vajjs h jeya sve~r p~bvvag bg njeef eg c~ess

eya~ vpe vmeqshgf rah~s hè'

Vmbs thta~ pbjj fahj pbvm vma àgqbgagass* c~afbnbjbvr* hgf chgegbcbvr ei vma neels ei vma

Nbnja' Vma àgqbgagass ei vma sc~btvq~a pbjj fbscqss vma eya~hjj hqvmagvbcbvr ei vma neels'

Vma c~afbnbjbvr ei vma Nbnja pbjj fahj pbvm vma ~aia~agcas ohfa nr Cm~bsv* hccq~hcr ei vma

sc~btvq~hj nhclf~et t~eyag nr h~cmaeje`bchj aybfagca* hgf vma cmh~hcva~ hgf megasv ei vma

p~bva~s' Vma chgegbcbvr pbjj ~aijacv eg vma hiib~ohvbeg ei vma neels ei vma Nbnja'

8' Vma @agqbgagass ei vma Neels ei vma Nbnja

Bv bs bote~vhgv vmhv vma ihcvs te~v~hraf bg vma Ejf hgf Gap Vasvhoagvs h~a hccq~hva i~eo

hqvme~smbt* ve mbsve~bchj ayagvs* ve cebghà* hgf ayag vma cqsveos fasc~bnaf bg bvs thàs'

Oefa~g c~bvbcs mhya v~baf ve fbsc~afbv vma sc~btvq~a nr hcceqgvbg` vma pe~l ve qglgepg

hqvme~s hs bg vma chsa ei Faqva~egeor hgf vma evma~ neels ei vma Tagvhvaqcm'

Bg vma chsa ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv* ne`qs hqvme~s hgf geg/htesvejbc ohva~bhj mhs naag vasvaf

hs chgegbchj hgf ieqgf jhclbg` fecv~bga hgf hqvme~smbt* vmqs* gev bg vma t~evasvhgv Nbnja'

Bgstb~af oag p~eva bgstb~af sc~btvq~a' Bi vma sc~btvq~a pa mhya bgcjqfas qgbgstb~af ohva~bhj*

vmag pa h~a jbla h smbt pbvmeqv h ~qffa~' Vma agvb~avr ei sc~btvq~a oqsv na vevhjjr hgf

qgaxqbyechjjr bgstb~af e~ vma~a chg na ge hnsejqva v~qvm'


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>

8'8; Vma @agqbgagass ei vma neels ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv'

Vma Ejf Vasvhoagv bs n~elag fepg bg ibya sacvbegs; 8" Tagvhvaqcm* >" Mbsve~bchj Neels* 3"

Teavbc Neels* hgf 6" T~etmavbc Neels' Bg vma Man~ap Nbnja* vmar h~a cegfagsaf ve vma Jhp*

vma T~etmavs hgf vma Tshjos' Kasqs seoavboas stela ei vmbs nefr ei p~bvbg`s hs vma Jhp hgf

vma T~etmavs' Vma T~etmavbc Neels h~a n~elag fepg iq~vma~ bgve vma ohke~ hgf obge~

t~etmav `bybg` ibya bg vevhj' Vma va~os ohke~ hgf obge~ pmag qsaf ve fasc~bna vma

T~etmavbc neels h~a hvv~bnqvas ei yejqoa ei p~bvbg`s* gev sb`gbibchgca' Najep bs h `~bf

smepbg` vma n~ahlfepg ei vma neels* vma vboa ta~bef ve pmbcm vmar h~a hvv~bnqvaf* hgf vma

hqvme~'

Sacvbeg

TAGVHVAQCM

P~bva~ Vboa ei P~bvbg`

@agasbs Oesas 5 8661 N'C'A}efqs Oesas 8661 8641 N'C'

Jaybvbcqs Oesas 8641 N'C'

Gqona~s Oesas 8666 8641 N'C'

Faqva~egeor Oesas 8641 N'C'

MBSVE^BCHJ

Kesmqh Kesmqh 8646 8324 N'C'

Kqf`as Shoqaj 8306 88>2 N'C'

^qvm Shoqaj 88145 N'C'

Ib~sv Shoqaj Shoqaj 8463 8488 N'C'

Sacegf Shoqaj A{~h5 8488 8446 N'C'

Ib~sv Lbg`s Ka~aobhm5 208 =1> N'C'

Sacegf Lbg`s Ka~aobhm5 =1> 1=0 N'C'

Ib~sv Cm~egbcjas A~{h5 614 6>1 N'C'

Sacegf Cm~egbcjas A~{h5 614 6>1 N'C'

A~{h A{~h 13= 1>4 N'C'

Gamaobhm Gamaobhm 661 6>1 N'C'

Asva~ Oe~fachb5 691 N'C'

TEAVBC NEELS

Ken Ken5 55 Qglgepg

TshjosFhybf* Seg ei Le~hm* Hshtm*Maohg* Avmhg* Ma{albhm*

Sejeoeg* \Oesas_

8444 N'C'5

T~eya~ns

Sejeoeg p~eva 8/>2

H`h~ p~eva 34

Jaoqaj p~eva 38

214 044 N'C'

Accjasbhsvas Sejeoeg 231 N'C'


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Seg` ei Sejeoeg Sejeoeg 291 N'C'

Sacvbeg

T^ETMAVS

-Ohke~" P~bva~ Vboa ei P~bvbg`

Bshbhm Bshbhm 064 9=4 N'C'Ka~aobhm Ka~aobhm 9>0 1=1 N'C'

Jhoagvhvbegs Ka~aobhm 1=9 N'C'

A{albaj A{albaj 123 / 194 N'C'

Fhgbaj Fhgbaj 941 139 N'C'

T^ETMAVS

-Obge~"

Mesah Mesah 084 N'C'

Keaj Keaj =31 N'C'

Hoes Hoes 011 N'C'

Enhfbhm Enhfbhm =64 e~ 1=9 N'C'Keghm Keghm 094 N'C'

Obchm Obchm 044 N'C'

Ghmqo Ghmqo 993 98> N'C'

Mhnhllql Mhnhllql 940 N'C'

[atmhgbhm [atmhgbhm 9>1 N'C'

Mh``hb Mh``hb 1>4 N'C'

[acmh~bhm [acmh~bhm 1>4 18= N'C'

Ohjhcmb Ohjhcmb 944 614 N'C'

+ hfhtvaf i~eo ppp'ch~o'e~`8

Vma e~b`bghj ohgqsc~btvs ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv pa~a p~bvvag eg h ie~o ei jahvma~ e~ thtr~qs'

Nachqsa ei vma yaga~hvbeg ei vma sc~btvq~a* vma e~b`bghj va}vs pa~a cetbaf pbvm ~aoh~lhnja

sc~qvbgr hgf hccq~hcr' Qgvbj vma fbsceya~r ei vma Fahf Sah Sc~ejjs bg Xqo~hg bg 8260* vma

ejfasv cetbas fhvaf nhcl ve h~eqgf 244 H'F' Vma vpe ohbg ihobjbas ei va}vs h~a vma

Ohse~avbc Va}v hgf vma Satvqh`bgv' Vma Kapbsm Ohse~avas ijeq~bsmaf navpaag 144 hgf 8444

H'F hgf fayajetaf sv~bcv oahsq~as ve agsq~a vma ~at~efqcvbeg ei vma va}v' T~eve/Ohse~avbc

va}vs fbf a}bsv t~be~ ve vmbs hgf phs hyhbjhnja fq~bg` vma vboa vma Satvqh`bgv phs nabg`

v~hgsjhvaf i~eo vma A`rtvbhg cetbas ei vma Man~ap Nbnja' Mepaya~* vma T~eve/Ohse~avbcva}vs pa~a vhlag i~eo vma Nhnrjegbhg cetbas'

>

Vma Satvqh`bgv v~hfbvbeg shrs vmhv sayagvr ei vma oesv ~agepgaf Kapbsm scmejh~s ei vmab~ vboa

oav bg Hja}hgf~bh ve t~efqca vma Satvqh`bgv pmbcm phs ceotjavaf bg >04 N'C' hiva~ ibivaag

rah~s ei pe~l' Ph~ga~ stahls ve vma tq~bvr ei vma ohgqsc~btvs pmag ma p~bvas*


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6

Hgr ega bfagvbchj a~~e~ peqjf mh~fjr na ~atahvaf nr hgr vpe e~ oe~a cetrbsvs< hjse

vmhv vma Hqvme~ peqjf gev hjjep hgr assagvbhj v~qvm gacassh~r ve eq~ shjyhvbeg ve na

jesv vm~eq`m vma i~hbjvr ei bvs mqohg cqsvefbhgs'3

Vma Satvqh`bgv bs h @~aal v~hgsjhvbeg ei vma Man~ap va}vs* hgf bs bote~vhgv bg ohgr phrs'

Ib~sv* bv `byas yhjbfbvr ve vma va}v pa mhya vefhr bg ceoth~bseg ve evma~ ohgqsc~btvs' Sacegf*

bv t~eyas vmhv Fhgbaj phs gev p~bvvag bg h jhva~ vboa ta~bef hs seoa scmejh~s t~ecjhbo' Vmbs

ohr saag bgsb`gbibchgv* nqv seoa ei vma t~etmacbas bg Fhgbaj h~a se ybybf hgf a}hcv* vmhv

oefa~g c~bvbcs mhya svhvaf vmhv vma~a phs ge phr vmhv bv ceqjf mhya naag p~bvvag hcce~fbg` ve

v~hfbvbeg' Mepaya~* vma ceotjavbeg ei vma Satvqh`bgv v~hgsjhvbeg bs pajj fecqoagvaf bg

mbsve~r hgf v~hfbvbeg hs nabg` ibgbsmaf jhva bg vma vmb~f cagvq~r' Vma Neel ei Fhgbaj phs h

th~v ei vmbs v~hgsjhvbeg* sacq~bg` vma v~hfbvbeg hgf mbsve~bchj fhva vmqs yhjbfhvbg` vma fbybga

t~etmavbc ghvq~a ei vma neel'

Vma hqvme~smbt ei vma neels ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv mhs naag fanhvaf vboa hgf vboa h`hbg ie~

eya~ vpe mqgf~af rah~s' V~hfbvbeg* hs pajj hs bgva~ghj ~aia~agcas* tebgvs ve Oesas hs vma

hqvme~ ei vma Tagvhvaqcm pbvm vma fahvm ei Oesas ~ace~faf nr Kesmqh' Hjvmeq`m seoa ie~o

ei p~bvvag jhg`qhà mhs naag fbsceya~af bg Sqoa~bh vmhv fhvas h~eqgf 3844 N'C6'* vma

t~boh~r seq~ca ie~ vma neel ei @agasbs peqjf mhya naag e~hj v~hgsobssbeg' Vmbs feas gev

t~acjqfa Oesas i~eo mhybg` hccass ve ~ace~fs e~ evma~ p~bvvag seq~cas vmhv fhva nhcl ve vma

vboa ei Hn~hmho'

Bi vmbs bs se* vmag Hn~hmho ceqjf mhya oav hgf vhjlaf pbvm Gehm ta~seghjjr' Vmhv bs hg

hoh{bg` ~ahjb{hvbeg' Gehm phs egjr vag àga~hvbegs i~eo Hfho' Ma mhf èga vm~eq`m vma

ijeef hgf mhf a}ta~bagcaf ib~sv mhgf* vma phr ei jbia t~be~ ve vma ijeef' Gehms hcceqgv ei

mbsve~r peqjf mhya naag mhgfaf fepg i~eo mbs ihvma~ Jhoacm gev ve oagvbeg mbs

`~hgfihvma~* Oavmqsajhm' Vmbs peqjf mhya sq~ajr bgcjqfaf vma hcceqgv ei vma ihjj ei Hfho*

fasc~btvbegs ei Afag* Shvhg* vma fa`~hfhvbeg ei ohg* vma sv~hgà hcceqgv ei vma Gatmbjqo* vma

ijeef* hgf evma~ sqta~ghvq~hj ayagvs'


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1

Pmag tqv bg ta~stacvbya* Hn~hmho ceqjf mhya tessbnjr naag ihobjbh~ pbvm hv jahsv ega ei vma

ibya fbiia~agv lgepg p~bvbg` srsvaos fq~bg` mbs vboa bg mbsve~r' Oesas ceqjf mhya mhf vmasa

pe~ls hv mbs fbsteshj hjeg` pbvm vma e~hj v~hgsobssbeg ~ace~f pmag ma p~eva @agasbs'

Seoa scmejh~s egca shbf vmhv Oesas ceqjfgv mhya p~bvvag vma ib~sv ibya neels ei vma

Nbnja -hs vma Nbnja shrs" nachqsa p~bvbg` phs jh~àjr qglgepg bg mbs fhr' Vmag*h~cmhaeje`r t~eyaf evma~pbsa nr vma fbsceya~r ei ohgr evma~ p~bvvag cefas ei vmata~bef; vma cefa ei Mhooq~hnb -ch' 8044 N'C'"* vma Jbtbv/Bsmvh~ cefa -ch' 8=94"* hgf

vma Jhps ei Asmgqggh -ch' 8214 N'C'"1

Bgva~ghj aybfagca tebgvs ve Oesas hs vma p~bva~ ei vma Tagvhvaqcm' Vmasa chg na ieqgf bg

saya~hj tjhcas bg A}efqs* Gqona~s hgf Faqva~egeor* hgf evma~ neels ei vma Nbnja'

Hgf Oesas p~eva hjj vma pe~fs ei vma JE^F* hgf ~esa qt ah~jr bg vma oe~gbg`* hgf

nqbjfaf hg hjvh~ qgfa~ vma mbjj* hgf vpajya tbjjh~s* hcce~fbg` ve vma vpajya v~bnas ei

Bs~haj' -A}' >6;6 LKY"

Hgf ma phs vma~a pbvm vma JE^F ie~vr fhrs hgf ie~vr gb`mvs< ma fbf gabvma~ ahvn~ahf* ge~ f~bgl phva~' Hgf ma p~eva qteg vma vhnjas vma pe~fs ei vma ceyaghgv* vma

vag ceoohgfoagvs' -A}' 36;>= LKY"

Hgf Oesas p~eva vmbs jhp* hgf fajbya~af bv qgve vma t~basvs vma segs ei Jayb* pmbcm

nh~a vma h~l ei vma ceyaghgv ei vma JE^F* hgf qgve hjj vma ajfa~s ei Bs~haj' -Faqv'

38;2 LKY"

Hs Oesas vma sa~yhgv ei vma JE^F ceoohgfaf vma cmbjf~ag ei Bs~haj* hs bv bs

p~bvvag bg vma neel ei vma jhp ei Oesas* hg hjvh~ ei pmeja svegas* eya~ pmbcm ge ohgmhvm jbiv qt \hgr_ b~eg; hgf vmar eiia~af vma~aeg nq~gv eiia~bg`s qgve vma JE^F* hgf

shc~bibcaf tahca eiia~bg`s' -Kes' =;38 LKY"

Rah* hjj Bs~haj mhya v~hgs`~assaf vmr jhp* ayag nr fath~vbg`* vmhv vmar ob`mv gevenar vmr yebca< vma~aie~a vma cq~sa bs teq~af qteg qs* hgf vma ehvm vmhv \bs_ p~bvvag bg

vma jhp ei Oesas vma sa~yhgv ei @ef* nachqsa pa mhya sbggaf h`hbgsv mbo' -Fhg'

2;88 LKY"

Cm~bsv hjse vhjls ei Oesas hs vma hqvme~ ei vma jhp bg vma èstajs ei Jqla hgf Kemg hs vma

evma~ p~bva~s ei vma èstajs fe;

Hgf Kasqs shbvm qgve mbo* Saa vmeq vajj ge ohg< nqv è vmr phr* smap vmrsaji ve vma

t~basv* hgf eiia~ vma `biv vmhv Oesas ceoohgfaf* ie~ h vasvboegr qgve vmao' -Ohvv'=;6 LKY"

Ie~ Oesas shbf* Megeq~ vmr ihvma~ hgf vmr oevma~< hgf* Pmese cq~savm ihvma~ e~oevma~* jav mbo fba vma fahvm; -Oh~ 0;84 LKY"


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9

Ie~ Oesas v~qjr shbf qgve vma ihvma~s* H t~etmav smhjj vma Je~f req~ @ef ~hbsa qt

qgve req ei req~ n~avm~ag* jbla qgve oa< mbo smhjj ra mah~ bg hjj vmbg`s pmhvseaya~ ma

smhjj shr qgve req' -Hcvs 3;>> LKY"

Vma~a bs hjse vma a}va~ghj* àe`~htmbchj aybfagca ie~ Oesas hs vma p~bva~ ei vma Jhp' Vma

àe`~htmr hs fatbcvaf bg vma A}efqs hcceqgv hs vma ghvbeg ei Bs~haj phgfa~af bg vma

pbjfa~gass* hgf evma~ cmh~hcva~bsvbcs hjj tebgv ve seoaega pme mhf ib~sv mhgf lgepjafà ei

vma h~ah hgf vma ayagvs ei vmhv fhr' Vmbs ~a`beg phs a}v~aoajr pajj lgepg ve Oesas'

8'> Vma @agqbgagass ei vma neels ei vma T~etmavs

Vma a~h ei nbnjbchj t~etmavs sthggaf i~eo vma vboa ei Keaj -=31 N'C'" ve vma vboa ei Ohjhcmb

-1=4 N'C'"' Fq~bg` vmbs vboa* Bs~haj a}ta~bagcaf @ef bg h qgbxqa phr vm~eq`m vma oeqvms ei

sb}vaag chgegbchj t~etmavs' Hjvmeq`m vma~a pa~a vmeqshgfs ei t~etmavs hv vmbs vboa* vma egas

httah~bg` bg vma Nbnja h~a vmesa vmhv @ef mhs saag ibv ve t~asa~ya ie~ eq~ qsa hgf jah~gbg`'

Seoa ei vmasa t~etmavs sa~yaf hs hfybse~s ve Lbg`s hs Fhgbaj fbf* hgf evma~s pa~a ei oe~a

mqonja oahgs sqcm hs Hoes pme phs h ma~fsohg hgf h f~assa~ ei Srchoe~a v~aas' Hs pa

vhla h cjesa~ jeel hv ahcm ei vma t~etmavbc neels hgf vma hqvmagvbcbvr ei ahcm* bv pbjj na

htth~agv vmhv vma mhgf ei @ef phs pbvm ahcm ei vmasa oag hs vma t~etmacbas ei ahcm GAYA^

ihbjaf'

Svh~vbg` pbvm vma Ohke~ T~etmavs< Bshbhm bs h jbva~h~r ohsva~tbaca' Ma tessassaf hg

a}v~he~fbgh~r tepa~ ei hfhtvbg` mbs jhg`qhà nevm ve ecchsbegs hgf hqfbagcas


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0

Vmasa vmbg`s shbf Ashbhs* pmag ma shp mbs `je~r* hgf sthla ei mbo'-Kg 8>; 30/68

LKY"

Bg ya~sa 3=* pa saa Kasqs xqevbg` i~eo Bshbhm 13;8* pmbcm peqjf mhya naag bg vma sacegf

Bshbhm hcce~fbg` ve mb`ma~ c~bvbcbso' Pme mhvm najbayaf eq~ ~ate~v5 hgf ve pmeo bs vma h~o

ei vma JE^F ~ayahjaf5 -Bsh' 13;8 LKY" Mepaya~* bg ya~sa 64* Kasqs xqevas i~eo h thsshà

ieqgf bg Bshbhm 9;84' Vmbs peqjf mhya naag bg vma ib~sv Bshbhm'

Ohla vma mah~v ei vmbs taetja ihv* hgf ohla vmab~ ah~s mahyr* hgf smqv vmab~ aras< jasvvmar saa pbvm vmab~ aras* hgf mah~ pbvm vmab~ ah~s* hgf qgfa~svhgf pbvm vmab~ mah~v* hgf

cegya~v* hgf na mahjaf' -Bsh' 9;84 LKY"

Vma t~eei bs bg ya~sa 32' Kasqs hvv~bnqvas nevm thsshàs ve vma shoa Bshbhm' Vma~aie~a vmar

ceqjf gev najbaya* nachqsa vmhv Ashbhs shbf h`hbg*-Kg' 8>;32 LKY" Bvs hs bi Kasqs lgap vmhv

vmbs cegv~eya~sr peqjf ceoa qt hgf Ma phs savvjbg` vma bssqa ~b`mv vma~a'

Vma neels ei Ka~aobhm hgf Jhoagvhvbegs h~a hvv~bnqvaf ve Ka~aobhm hiva~ nabg` chjjaf ve

t~etmavbc eiibca bg 9>= N'C' Fq~bg` vma vmb~vr rah~s ei t~etmavbc obgbsv~r* Ka~aobhm shp vma

eya~vhlbg` ei vma cbvr nr Ganqcmhfga{{h~ -1=2 N'C'"* vmag jhva~ nr vma Cmhjfahgs -1== N'C"*

pme smepaf ihye~ ve mbo'0

Vmasa mbsve~bchj ihcvs ohla bv ahsr ve yhjbfhva vma neel ei

Ka~aobhm pbvm evma~ mbsve~bchj ayagvs'

Vma neel ei Jhoagvhvbegs bs h t~etmav oeq~gbg` eya~ vma svhva ei Ka~qshjao' Vma neel mhs

mbsve~bchjjr hgf v~hfbvbeghjjr naag hsc~bnaf ve Ka~aobhm fqa ve saya~hj ihcve~s sqcm hs vma

ghvq~a hgf jbg`qbsvbcs qsaf bg vma Neel' Ahsvegs Nbnja Fbcvbegh~r shrs* vma~a bs ge ~eeo

ie~ masbvhgcr bg iejjepbg` vma J]] hgf vma Vh~`qo bg hsc~bnbg` bv ve Ka~aobhm'=

P~bvvag navpaag 123 hgf 194 N'C'* A{albaj hcceqgvs vma neel ve mbosaji hs fe evma~

t~etmavbc neels' V~hfbvbeg hjse hsc~bnas vmbs neel ve A{albaj' Mbs p~bvbg` bs fh~l hgf

seoapmhv honb`qeqs' Mbs neel bi iqjj ei sronejs hgf hjjaè~bas hgf ohlas oagvbeg ei

Bshbhm* Mesah* hgf Ka~aobhm'2

Fhgbaj phs ~aya~af nr A{albaj hs h ohg ei ~b`mvaeqsgass hgf pbsfeo' Vma neel ei Fhgbaj bs

ega ei mbsve~r hgf t~etmacr' Fqa ve vmasa ihcve~s* vma àgqbgagass ei Fhgbaj bs yhjbfhvaf


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pbvm ca~vhbgvr' Vma cmh~hcva~ hgf ~ace~fs ei vma neel h~a hjse agvb~ajr bg mh~oegr pbvm vma

vboas hgf cb~cqosvhgcas bg pmbcm vma hqvme~ jbyaf'84

Bg vma vmb~f cagvq~r* Ka~eoa hcceqgvs

Fhgbaj hs vma hqvme~ bg mbs ceooagvh~r eg Fhgbaj*

Hiva~ hjj* nevm E~bàg* Aqsanbqs hgf Htejjbgh~bqs* hgf evma~ eqvsvhgfbg` cmq~cmoag

hgf vahcma~s ei @~aaca hclgepjafà vmhv* hs B mhya shbf* vmasa ybsbegs h~a gev ieqgfhoeg`sv vma Man~aps* hgf vmhv vma~aie~a vmar h~a gev enjbàf ve hgspa~ ve Te~tmr~rie~ vmasa te~vbegs pmbcm a}mbnbv ge hqvme~bvr hs Mejr Sc~btvq~a'

88

Vma sacvbeg hs jbsvaf bg vma vhnja ah~jba~ hs vma Obge~ T~etmavs pbjj na fbscqssaf hs h pmeja'

V~hfbvbeg* hs pajj hs vma mbsve~bcbvr ei vma neels* feas gev tebgv ve hgr evma~ p~bva~ evma~ vmhg

vma ega vmhv taggaf vma neel' Vma~a phs mh~fjr aya~ hgr xqasvbegbg` ei vma hqvme~smbt ei

obge~ t~etmav neels' Vma xqasvbeg phs gev gacassh~bjr vma àgqbgagass ei hqvme~smbt* nqv

vma hcvqhj tebgv bg vboa vma neel phs p~bvvag' Seoavboas bv bs fbiibcqjv ve tbgtebgv vma fhva hs

bg vma chsa ei Enhfbhm' Mbs ihobjr e~ mbs meoa bs gev lgepg' ^r~ba ohlas vmbs tebgv cjah~ hs

ma p~asvjas pbvm vma tebgv bg vboa ei Enhfbhm' Gevbca mepaya~* vmhv vma hqvme~smbt ei vma

neel bs gaya~ bg xqasvbeg'

Vma xqasvbeg ei fhva ~ajhvas ve pmbcm nhvvja h`hbgsv Ka~qshjao vma Afeobvas pa~a

hssecbhvaf pbvm -yy' 88/86"' Vma~a pa~a ieq~ sb`gbibchgv bgyhsbegs ei Ka~qshjao bg EjfVasvhoagv vboas; -8" nr Smbsmhl* lbg` ei A`rtv* fq~bg` âmenehos ~ab`g* bg 2>9

N'C' -8 Lbg`s 86;>1/>9"< ->" nr vma Tmbjbsvbgas hgf H~hnbhgs fq~bg` vma ~ab`g ei

Kame~ho* i~eo =6=/=68 -> Cm~eg' >8;89/80"< -3" nr Lbg` Kamehsm ei Bs~haj fq~bg` vma~ab`g ei Hoh{bhm* bg 024 -> Lbg`s 86;83/86"< -6" nr Nhnrjeg fq~bg` vma rah~s 941/

1=9 -> Lbg`s >6/>1"' Enhfbhm t~etmasbaf h`hbgsv Afeo abvma~ bg ceggacvbeg pbvmbgyhsbeg #> e~ #6' Bi vma ib~sv* vmbs neel bs vma ah~jbasv ei vma p~bvbg` t~etmavs -saa >

Lbg`s =;>4 hgf > Cm~eg' >8;89/80< vmag saa Keaj 3;3/9 ceoth~af pbvm Enhf' 88/8>hgf vma qsa ei Enhf' 8/2 bg vma a}vagfaf thsshà bg Ka~' 62;0/>> hs sqtte~v ie~ vma

ah~jba~ fhva"'8>

Vmasa neels* hs pajj hs evma~ neels ei vma Nbnja* h~a fhvaf nr ceoth~bseg ve mbsve~bchj

ayagvs* àe`~htmr* p~bvbg` svrja* hgf bgfbybfqhjs oagvbegaf bg vma p~bvbg`s'

8'3 Vma @agqbgagass ei vma neels ei vma Lavmqnmbo -Teavbc Neels"

Vma ga}v sacvbeg bs vma Teavbc Neels ghoajr Ken* Tshjos* T~eya~ns* Accjasbhsvas* hgf Seg` ei

Sejeoeg' Pma~a Ag`jbsm teav~r ~ajbas ohbgjr eg ~mroa hgf oava~* Man~ap teav~r ~ajbas eg

bohà~r* ib`q~as ei staacm* oavhtme~s* sbobjas* hgf th~hjjajbso' Nh}va~ bfagvbibas vma

~ajhvbegsmbt vma teavbc neels mhya ve ega hgevma~ bg vmhv


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8' Vma Neel ei KenNjassbg`vm~eq`m Sqiia~bg`'

>' Vma TshjosT~hbsa vm~eq`mT~hra~'

3' Vma T~eya~nsT~qfagca vm~eq`mT~acatv'6' AccjasbhsvasYa~bvr vm~eq`m Yhgbvr'

1' Seg` ei SejeoegNjbss vm~eq`m Qgbeg83

Vmasa neels `bya h tbcvq~a ei Bs~hajs stb~bvqhj sagsa' Qgjbla vma T~etmavbchj neels pmbcm h~a

cegvhbgaf ve h vboa ta~bef ei jass vmhg 644 rah~s* vma teavbchj neels sthg i~eo vma vboa ei vma

Thv~bh~cm pbvm vma Neel ei Ken ->444 N'C'" ve vma agf ei hg ejf lbg`s jbia bg htt~e}bohvajr

-231 N'C'" pma~a vma agf ei hjj ah~vmjr hstb~hvbegs bs yhgbvr hgf vma ~ahjb{hvbeg vmhv v~qa jbia

hgf tahca chg egjr na ieqgf bg enafbagca ve @ef'

Tshjos* ie~ a}hotja* h~a gev hjj p~bvvag nr Fhybf' Vma pe~f tshjos oahgs mejr p~bvbg`'

Vmasa p~bvbg`s chg na fhvaf nhcl ve vma vboa ei A{~h* hgf pa~a p~bvvag eya~ h vmeqshgf rah~

ta~bef' Ayagvqhjjr* vmbs cejjacvbeg nachoa lgepg hs vma mrog neel ei Bs~haj' H`hbg* hs bg

vma p~bvbg`s ei vma t~etmavs* vma~a bs ge ~ahseg ve najbaya vmhv vma ghoa hvvhcmaf ve vma tshjo

bs gev vma hqvme~ ei vmhv th~vbcqjh~ tshjo'

Vma Neel ei Ken bs ei qgsavvjaf hqvme~smbt' Hjvmeq`m bvs savvjaf hs sc~btvq~a nr vma ~aia~agca

ei vma htesvjas bg Man~aps 8>;1 hgf B Ce~bgvmbhgs 3;82* vma hcvqhj tagohg bs qgca~vhbg'

Seoa ~ajhva bv ve Ken mbosaji* Ajbmq* Ajbkhm* e~ ve Oesas nr Kapbsm v~hfbvbeg' Bv bs najbayaf ve

na sav bg vma a~h ei vma Thv~bh~cms seoavboa navpaag Gehm hgf Oesas'

Naie~a pa jahya vma àgqbgagass ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv* hg eya~ybap ei vma neels hs h pmeja

bs bg e~fa~' Vma hqvme~smbt mhs naag fbscqssaf* hs pajj hs vma hccq~hcr te~v~hraf bg vma

p~bvbg`s ve vma ayagvs bg mbsve~r' Vma ega ihcve~ vmhv mhs rav ve na oagvbegaf* nqv bs ei

`~ahvasv bote~vhgca bs vma @ef' H~vmq~ P' Tbgl p~bvas* Mhf vma mbsve~bchj th~vs ei vma Ejf

Vasvhoagv naag h ie~à~r* e~ vma t~efqcvbeg ei qgbgstb~af oag* vmab~ cegvagvs peqjf mhya

naag ya~r fbiia~agv ve pmhv vmar h~a'86

Bg vma shoa sacvbeg* ma jhva~ p~bvas*

Ega ei vma eqvsvhgfbg` v~qvms ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv bs vmhv vma Qgbvr ei @ef* vmhv

@ef bs Ega* vmhv nasbfa Mbo vma~a bs gega ajsa* vmhv hjj evma~ èfs h~a ihjsa èfs hgf

vmhv ve thr vmao meohà bs ve na `qbjvr ei vma sbg ei bfejhv~r'81


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84

8'6 Vma @agqbgagass ei vma neels ei vma GV

Ge evma~ va}v bs oe~a hqvmagvbchvaf hgf vasvaf hs vma neels ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv' Ve chsv

smhfep eg vmao hs hqvmagvbc peqjf na ve fbsc~afbv yb~vqhjjr hjj neels ei hgvbxqbvr' Kemg

Ph~pbcl Oegvèoa~r bs xqevaf hs shrbg`*

ve na slatvbchj ei vma ~asqjvhgv va}v ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv neels bs ve hjjep hjj ei

cjhssbchj hgvbxqbvr ve sjbt bgve enscq~bvr* ie~ ge fecqoagvs ei vma hgcbagv ta~bef h~a hs

pajj hvvasvaf nbnjbe`~htmbchjjr hs vma Gap Vasvhoagv'89

H xqbcl jeel hv vma hyhbjhnbjbvr ei ohgqsc~btv aybfagca t~eybfas h ib~o nhsbs ie~ vma hccq~hcr

ei vma va}v pa mhya naie~a qs'

Hqvme~Fhva

P~bvvagAh~jbasv Cetr

Htt~e}bohva Vboa Sthg

navpaag e~b`bghj ) cetrGqona~ ei

CetbasHccq~hcr ei

Cetbas

Jqc~avbqs fbaf 11 e~ 13 N'C' 8844 r~s > ////

Tjbgr 98/883 H'F' =14 H'F' 014 r~s 0 ////

Tjhve 6>0/360 N'C' 244 H'F' 8>44 r~s 0 ////

Faoesvmagas 6vm Cagv' N'C' 8844 H'F' =44 r~s = ////

Ma~efevqs 6=4/6>1 N'C' 244 H'F' 8344 r~s = ////

Sqavegbqs 01/894 H'F' 214 H'F' =44 r~s = ////

Vmqcrfbfas 694/644 N'C' 244 H'F' 8344 r~s = ////

Aq~btbfas 6=4/649 N'C' 8844 H'F' 8344 r~s 2 ////

H~bsvetmhgas 614/3=1 N'C' 244 H'F' 8>44 84 ////

Chash~ 844/66 N'C' 244 H'F' 8444 84 ////

Jbyr 12 NC/HF 80 //// 555 >4 ////

Vhcbvqs cb~ch 844 H'F' 8844 H'F' 8444 r~s >4 ////

H~bsvevja 3=6/3>> N'C' 8844 H'F' 8644 62 ////

Setmecjas 629/649 N'C' 8444 H'F' 8644 r~s 823 ////

Meoa~ -Bjbhf" 244 N'C' 644 N'C' 144 r~s 963 21!

Gap

Vasvhoagv8sv Cagv' H'F' -14/

844 H'F'

>gf Cagv' H'F'

-c' 834 H'F'

i'"jass vmhg 844 rah~s 1944 22'1!

80

Vma vhnja hneya bgfbchvas saya~hj lar tebgvs vmhv sqtte~v vma àgqbgagass ei vma va}v' Vmesa

vmhv peqjf h~`qa h`hbgsv vma hqvmagvbcbvr ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv peqjf mhya ge evma~ etvbeg

vmhg ve fbsc~afbv vma tq~bvr ei saya~hj evma~ pajj asvhnjbsmaf p~bvbg`s ei hgvbxqbvr'

âjqcvhgca ve fbsc~afbv sacqjh~ hgvbxqbvbas mhs tqv ettegagvs ei h ce~~qtv Gap Vasvhoagv va}v

h`hbgsv h phjj' Fbsc~afbvbg` vma Gap Vasvhoagv va}v peqjf egjr jahf ve h fbsc~afbvbg` ei


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oesv hgcbagv fecqoagvs pmbcm ya~r iap sacqjh~ c~bvbcs h~a pbjjbg` ve fe' Mepaya~* hg

hccatvhgca ei vma sacqjh~ p~bvbg`s pbvm vmab~ jbobvaf cetbas hgf jh~à~ sthgs navpaag vma

e~b`bghj hgf vma ib~sv cetr jahyas ge ~eeo ie~ vma Gap Vasvhoagv ve na jaiv eqv ei vma

chvaè~r ei hqvmagvbc* àgqbga* hgf tq~a ei va}v'

Pbvm eya~ 1944 @~aal Gap Vasvhoagv ohgqsc~btvs* eya~ 82*444 cetbas bg yh~beqs jhg`qhàs*

hgf hg bgva~ghj cegsbsvagcr ~hva ei 22'1!* pa chg ~asv hssq~af vmhv vma va}v bs àgqbga hgf

tq~a ve h svh`à~bg` fa`~aa'

Vma hqvme~smbt ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv p~bva~s bs pajj asvhnjbsmaf hgf vma~a bs jbvvja ~ahseg ve

najbaya evma~pbsa' Fq~bg` vma vboa ei vma p~bvbg`s* vma~a pa~a ohgr pme peqjf mhya

ahà~jr fasb~af ve tebgv eqv vma a~~e~s bg vma p~bvbg s e~ ce~~qtvbeg bg vma sc~btvq~a' Mepaya~*ge sqcm p~bvbg` a}bsvs' Vma eya~pmajobg` aybfagca vmhv pmhv pa mhya naie~a qs mhs naag

hccq~hvajr v~hgsobvvaf vm~eq`m vboa bs bot~assbya' I'I' N~qca p~bvas;

.Vma aybfagca ie~ -vma hccq~hva v~hgsobssbeg ei" eq~ Gap Vasvhoagv p~bvbg`s bs aya~

se oqcm `~ahva~ vmhg vma aybfagca ie~ ohgr p~bvbg`s ei cjhssbchj hqvme~s* vma

hqvmagvbcbvr ei pmbcm ge ega f~ahos ei xqasvbegbg`' Hgf bi vma Gap Vasvhoagv pa~ah cejjacvbeg ei sacqjh~ p~bvbg`s* vmab~ hqvmagvbcbvr peqjf àga~hjjr na ~a`h~faf hs

naregf hjj feqnv'8=

Ega ei vma oe~a sb`gbibchgv ihcvs vmhv fbiia~agvbhva vma neels ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv i~eo

vmesa ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv bs vma vboa ta~bef vmhv sthgs vma p~bvbg`s' Vma ceotbjhvbeg ei vma

Ejf Vasvhoagv sthggaf eya~ h vmeqshgf rah~s* pmbja* bg cegv~hsv* vma p~bvbg`s ei vma Gap

Vasvhoagv pa~a hcmbayaf bg jass vmhv 844 rah~s' Thqj svhvas bg 8 Ce~bgvmbhgs 81;9 vmhv vma

~asq~~acvaf Cm~bsv phs saag nr eya~ 144 taetja* oesv ei pmeo pa~a svbjj jbybg` hv vma vboa ei

vma javva~ pmbcm phs hneqv 16 H'F' Vma~aie~a* bi vma~a pa~a hgr ei vma p~bvbg`s ihjsbibaf hgr

ei vma cjhbos ei vma p~bva~s* vma cmq~cm peqjf mhya fbsobssaf bv hs ma~asr hgf vma sacqjh~

ettegagvs peqjf mhya h``~assbyajr hvvhclaf vma cjhbos' Rav* vma~a bs ge c~afbnja fecqoagv

bg tessassbeg vmhv fagbas vma cjhbos'

.Vma bgva~yhj navpaag vma fhvas ei e~b`bghj ceotesbvbeg hgf vma ah~jbasv a}vhgvaybfagca naceoas se sohjj hs ve na bg ihcv ga`jb`bnja* hgf vma jhsv ieqgfhvbeg ie~ hgr

feqnv vmhv vma -Gap Vasvhoagv mhs" ceoa fepg ve qs sqnsvhgvbhjjr hs vmar pa~a

p~bvvag mhs gep naag ~aoeyaf' Nevm vma hqvmagvbcbvr hgf vma àga~hj bgva`~bvr ei vmaneels ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv ohr na ~a`h~faf hs ibghjjr asvhnjbsmaf'.

82


12/35

8>

>' Vma C~afbnbjbvr ei vma neels ei vma Nbnja EV

Bv bs bote~vhgv vmhv vma nhsbs ei ava~ghj shjyhvbeg hgf hnsejqva v~qvm bs* bg faaf* hnsejqva bg

aya~r hstacv* bg aya~r favhbj* hgf bg aya~r phr' Vma c~afbnbjbvr ei vma neels ei vma Ejf

Vasvhoagv chg na yhjbfhvaf bg ohgr phrs' Vpe ei pmbcm h~a t~eei fa~byaf i~eo Cm~bsvsepg ~ace`gbvbeg ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv hs vma v~qa pe~f ei @ef* hgf vma t~eei vmhv pa mhya bg

vma cegsbsvagcr ei ~ace~f i~eo mbsve~r hgf h~cmaeje`r' Bv bs hjse sb`gbibchgv ve geva vmhv vma

t~asqttesbvbeg vmhv hjj sc~btvq~a bs @ef n~ahvmaf peqjf jagf c~afbnbjbvr ve vma ihcv vmhv vma

Ejf Vasvhoagv bs xqevaf nr Gap Vasvhoagv p~bva~s htt~e}bohvajr =11 vboas' Bg vma Neel ei

âyajhvbeg* Kemg xqevas Ejf Vasvhoagv thsshàs >62 vboas'>4

Seoa hqvme~s mhya gevaf eya~

=44 hjjqsbegs ve vma Ejf Vasvhoagv bg vma neel ei âyajhvbeg hjega'

>'8 Vma t~eei i~eo Cm~bsvs ~ace`gbvbeg ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv

B mhya mah~f bv shbf vmhv bi ega mhs h t~enjao pbvm vma hqvme~bvr ei pmhv Kasqs Mbosaji

yhjbfhvas* vmar mhya h nb`à~ t~enjao vmhg pmhv bs nabg` fbstqvaf' Bg evma~ pe~fs< vma ta~seg

pme n~bg`s bgve xqasvbegs vma vasvboegr ei Kasqs* n~bg`s bgve xqasvbeg vma fbybgbvr ei Kasqs'

Kasqs yaga~hvaf vma Ejf Vasvhoagv hs a}tacvaf sbgca bv phs hneqv Mbo' Vma pab`mv Kasqs

ch~~bas hs h vahcma~ nqv hjse hs vma bgch~ghva @ef bs sb`gbibchgv hs @qvm~ba p~bvas*

.Vma bote~vhgca hvvhcmaf ve pmhv h vahcma~ shrs bs bga}v~bchnjr neqgf qt pbvm pmhvlbgf ei ta~seg ma bs' Bg vma chsa ei Kasqs vmbs bs sqt~aoajr bote~vhgv'''Kasqs shp

mbosaji* hgf evma~ choa ve najbaya mbo ve na* nevm ohg hgf @ef' Bg vmbs chsa ma bs

qgbxqa hoeg` oag hgf mbs vahcmbg` oqsv ch~~r pbvm bv h qgbxqa hqvme~bvr' Pmhv Kasqsshrs hneqv vma Ejf Vasvhoagv oqsv na ~a`h~faf eg vma shoa ieevbg` hs pmhv ma shrs

hneqv mbs obssbeg' Bv pbjj na cjah~ i~eo vma iejjepbg` aybfagca vmhv ma mhf vma mb`masv

tessbnja ~a`h~f ie~ vma Ejf Vasvhoagv va}v hgf ~ace`gb{af bg bvs pe~fs vma yebca ei@ef'

Pa ib~sv geva vmhv Kasqs fbf gev xqasvbeg vma mbsve~bcbvr ei vma ohgr Ejf Vasvhoagvta~segs e~ ayagvs ve pmbcm ma ~aia~s' Sqcm taetja hs Hnaj* Gehm* Hn~hmho* Bshhc*

Khcen* Jev* i~eo vma thv~bh~cmhj hà h~a v~ahvaf gev hs orvms* nqv hs hcvqhj ta~segs'Vma shoa httjbas ve Oesas* Fhybf* Sejeoeg* Ajbkhm* Ajbsmh hgf Keghm' Vma shrbg`s bgpmbcm vmasa h~a oagvbegaf peqjf jesa seoa ei vmab~ hqvme~bvr bi vma mbsve~bcbvr ei vma

ta~segs cegca~gaf pa~a bg feqnv'.>8

H cjesa jeel hv vma va}vs ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv pbjj saa Kasqs xqevbg` i~eo vma Ejf

Vasvhoagv hgf facjh~bg` bv hs @ef n~ahvmaf' Ma xqevas i~eo vpagvr/ieq~ Ejf Vasvhoagv


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83

neels' Vmesa vmhv h~a gev xqevaf h~a A{~h* Gamaobhm* Asva~* Accjasbhsvas* hgf Seg` ei

Sejeoeg' Vmbs feas gev ga`hva vmao ge~ chsv hgr smhfep ei feqnv nachqsa ei Kasqs ~aia~s

saya~hj vboas ve vma yhjqa ei vma Jhp* T~etmavs* hgf Tshjos' Vmasa geg/xqevaf neels pa~a

th~v ei h cejjacvbeg ei neels chjjaf vma Tshjos e~ vma P~bvbg`s' Vma~a pa~a vpe yejqoas ei

vma P~bvbg`s' Bg hffbvbeg ve A{~h* Gamaobhm* Asva~* Accjasbhsvas* hgf Seg` ei Sejeoeg* pa~a

Tshjos* T~eya~ns* Ken* ^qvm* Jhoagvhvbegs* hgf Fhgbaj' Vma sacegf yejqoa cegsbsvaf ei vma

ceonbgaf neels ei 8sv

hgf >gf

Cm~egbcjas' Jqla >6;66 mhs Kasqs shrbg`* Vmasa h~a Or

pe~fs pmbcm B stela ve req pmbja B phs svbjj pbvm req* vmhv hjj vmbg`s pmbcm h~a p~bvvag hneqv

Oa bg vma Jhp ei Oesas hgf vma T~etmavs hgf vma Tshjos oqsv na iqjibjjaf' Bg vmbs ega

ya~sa* Kasqs hvv~bnqvas hjj vm~aa cejjacvbegs hs hqvme~bvhvbya cegca~gbg` Mbs ceobg` hgf Mbs

fbybgbvr'

Kasqs hqvmagvbchvas vma @agasbs hcceqgv ei vma ijeef bg vma fhrs ei Gehm bg Ohvvmap >6;30*

3= hs hg hcvqhj mbsve~bchj ayagv hs pajj hs Keghm hgf vma `~ahv ibsm bg Ohvvmap 8>;32* 64'

Oesas bs hvv~bnqvaf nr Kasqs hs vma hqvme~ ei vma Tagvhvaqcm bg Ohvvmap 82; =* 2< Kemg 0;82*

hgf Oh~l 8>;>2/38' Fhgbaj bs yhjbfhvaf hs h t~etmav nr Kasqs bg Ohvvmap >6;81' Bg Kemg 8>*

Kasqs hjse tqv ve ~asv vma ihjsa vahcmbg` ei vma vpe Bshbhm vmae~r ceooegjr lgepg hs

faqva~eg/Bshbhm nr hvv~bnqvbg` nevm sbfas ei vma va}v ve vma shoa Bshbhm' Bg ya~sa 3=* Kasqs

na`bgs pbvm h xqeva i~eo Bshbhm 13 pmbcm bs hvv~bnqvaf ve vma sacegf Bshbhm' Bg ya~sa 64*

fq~bg` vma shoa vmeq`mv* Kasqs xqevas i~eo Bshbhm 9;84 pmbcm seoa hvv~bnqva ve vma ib~sv

Bshbhm' Bg navpaag ya~sa 3= hgf 64 bs ya~sa 32 bg pmbcm Kasqs tqvs hg agf ve vma fanhva nr

hvv~bnqvbg` nevm xqevas ve vma shoa Bshbhm' Kasqs shrs* Vma~aie~a vmar ceqjf gev najbaya*

nachqsa vmhv Bshbhm shbf h`hbg* -Kemg 8>;32' LKY"

Najep bs h jbsvbg` ei sc~btvq~a ~aia~agcas i~eo vma hneya thsshà bg e~fa~ ve hbf bg vma ~ahfbg` ei vma va}v'

\30_ Nqv hs vma fhrs ei Gea \pa~a_* se smhjj hjse vma ceobg` ei vma Seg ei ohg na' \3=_ Ie~ hs

bg vma fhrs vmhv pa~a naie~a vma ijeef vmar pa~a ahvbg` hgf f~bglbg`* oh~~rbg` hgf `bybg` bg

oh~~bhà* qgvbj vma fhr vmhv Gea agva~af bgve vma h~l* -Ohv >6;30/3= LKY"

\32_ Nqv ma hgspa~af hgf shbf qgve vmao* Hg aybj hgf hfqjva~eqs àga~hvbeg saalavm hiva~ hsb`g< hgf vma~a smhjj ge sb`g na `byag ve bv* nqv vma sb`g ei vma t~etmav Keghs; \64_ Ie~ hs

Keghs phs vm~aa fhrs hgf vm~aa gb`mvs bg vma pmhjas najjr< se smhjj vma Seg ei ohg na vm~aa

fhrs hgf vm~aa gb`mvs bg vma mah~v ei vma ah~vm' -Ohv 8>;32/64 LKY"

\=_ Ma shbvm qgve vmao* Oesas nachqsa ei vma mh~fgass ei req~ mah~vs sqiia~af req ve tqv


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86

hphr req~ pbyas; nqv i~eo vma na`bggbg` bv phs gev se' \2_ Hgf B shr qgve req* Pmeseaya~smhjj tqv hphr mbs pbia* a}catv \bv na_ ie~ ie~gbchvbeg* hgf smhjj oh~~r hgevma~* ceoobvvavm

hfqjva~r; hgf pmese oh~~bavm ma~ pmbcm bs tqv hphr fevm ceoobv hfqjva~r' -Ohv 82;=/2 LKY"

\82_ Fbf gev Oesas `bya req vma jhp* hgf \rav_ gega ei req laatavm vma jhp5 Pmr è ra

hneqv ve lbjj oa5 -Kmg 0;82 LKY"

\>2_ Hgf Kasqs hgspa~af mbo* Vma ib~sv ei hjj vma ceoohgfoagvs \bs_* Mah~* E Bs~haj< VmaJe~f eq~ @ef bs ega Je~f; \34_ Hgf vmeq smhjv jeya vma Je~f vmr @ef pbvm hjj vmr mah~v* hgf

pbvm hjj vmr seqj* hgf pbvm hjj vmr obgf* hgf pbvm hjj vmr sv~ag`vm; vmbs \bs_ vma ib~sv

ceoohgfoagv' \38_ Hgf vma sacegf \bs_ jbla* \ghoajr_ vmbs* Vmeq smhjv jeya vmr gab`mneq~ hsvmrsaji' Vma~a bs gega evma~ ceoohgfoagv `~ahva~ vmhg vmasa' -Oh~ 8>;>2/38 LKY"

\81_ Pmag ra vma~aie~a smhjj saa vma hneobghvbeg ei fasejhvbeg* stelag ei nr Fhgbaj vma

t~etmav* svhgf bg vma mejr tjhca* -pmese ~ahfavm* jav mbo qgfa~svhgf;" -Ohv >6;81 LKY"

Kasqs stahls ei vma mbsve~bchj ayagv ei Sefeo hgf @eoe~~hm bg Jqla 80;>2* 3>* vma chjj ei

Oesas bg Oh~l 8>;>9 hgf vma sv~hgà sqnsvhgca chjjaf ohggh vmhv iaf vma ghvbeg ei Bs~haj

pmbja bg vma pbjfa~gass bg Kemg 9; 38* 3>' Kasqs cegib~os vma mbsve~bchj ayagv ei vma oq~fa~ ei

Hnja nr mbs n~evma~ Chbg bg Jqla 88;18' Ma phs cegieqgfaf vmhv vma ~ajb`beqs jahfa~s fbfgv

lgep vma sc~btvq~as hgr navva~ vmhg vmar fbf' Bg Ohvvmap >>;38 Ma shrs* Mhya req gev

~ahf vmhv pmbcm phs stelag ve req nr @ef5 hvv~bnqvbg` vma agvb~avr ei Ejf Vasvhoagv

sc~btvq~a hs jbva~hj staacm i~eo @ef' Vmbs bs hjse saag bg Kemg 84;31 pmag Ma shrs* Vma

sc~btvq~a chggev na n~elag' Ve Kasqs vma sc~btvq~as pa~a gev egjr ceoohgfoagvs nqv pa~a

vma hcvqhj pe~f ei @ef hs saag bg Ohvvmap 81;9'

Najep bs h jbsvbg` ei sc~btvq~a ~aia~agcas i~eo vma hneya thsshà bg e~fa~ ve hbf bg vma ~ahfbg` ei vma va}v'

\>2_ Nqv vma shoa fhr vmhv Jev pagv eqv ei Sefeo bv ~hbgaf ib~a hgf n~bosvega i~eo mahyag*hgf fasv~eraf \vmao_ hjj' \3>_ âoaona~ Jevs pbia' -Jql 80;>2* 3> LKY"

\>9_ Hgf hs veqcmbg` vma fahf* vmhv vmar ~bsa; mhya ra gev ~ahf bg vma neel ei Oesas* mep bg

vma nqsm @ef sthla qgve mbo* shrbg`* B \ho_ vma @ef ei Hn~hmho* hgf vma @ef ei Bshhc* hgf

vma @ef ei Khcen5 -Oh~ 8>;>9 LKY"

\38_ Eq~ ihvma~s fbf ahv ohggh bg vma fasa~v< hs bv bs p~bvvag* Ma `hya vmao n~ahf i~eo mahyag

ve ahv' \3>_ Vmag Kasqs shbf qgve vmao* Ya~bjr* ya~bjr* B shr qgve req* Oesas `hya req gev

vmhv n~ahf i~eo mahyag< nqv or Ihvma~ `byavm req vma v~qa n~ahf i~eo mahyag'

\18_ I~eo vma njeef ei Hnaj qgve vma njeef ei [hcmh~bhs* pmbcm ta~bsmaf navpaag vma hjvh~hgf vma vaotja; ya~bjr B shr qgve req* Bv smhjj na ~axqb~af ei vmbs àga~hvbeg' -Jql 88;18 LKY"


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\9_ Hgf megeq~ gev mbs ihvma~ e~ mbs oevma~* \ma smhjj na i~aa_' Vmqs mhya ra ohfa vmaceoohgfoagv ei @ef ei gega aiiacv nr req~ v~hfbvbeg' -Ohv 81;9 LKY"

Bg or ybap* seoa ei vma oesv cegib~obg` pe~fs Kasqs aya~ shbf cegca~gbg` vma yhjbfbvr ei

vma Ejf Vasvhoagv bs bg Ohvvmap 1;8=* Qgvbj Mahyag hgf ah~vm thss hphr* gev vma sohjjasvjavva~ e~ sv~ela smhjj thss hphr i~eo vma jhp* qgvbj hjj bs hcceotjbsmaf'

>'> Vma t~eei fa~byaf i~eo mbsve~r hgf h~cmaeje`r

Vmeq`m ge oe~a t~eei bs hcvqhjjr gaafaf evma~ vmhg vmhv ei eq~ Je~f Kasqs* svbjj evma~ t~eeis

~aohbg bg vma ie~o ei sacqjh~ mbsve~r hgf h~cmaeje`bchj ibgfs' Vma~a mhs gaya~ naag ega

tbaca ei mbsve~bchj fhvh e~ h~cmaeje`bchj ibgfbg` vmhv mhs fbst~eyaf hgr ayagv* cebghà* ~bya~s*

lbg`feo* e~ ~qja~ hs te~v~hraf bg vma Nbnja' Pmag vma~a saaos ve na h smhfep ei

bgcegsbsvagcr navpaag h~cmaeje`r hgf vma Nbnja* vma smhfep hjphrs saaos ve ihjj eg vma

ibgfbg`s* gev vma Pe~f'

Pmhv egca phs ~akacvaf hs orvm e~ ihb~r/vhja mhs naag cegib~oaf hgf hiib~oaf nr

h~cmhaeje`bchj ibgfbg`s vboa hgf vboa h`hbg' F~' Oa~~bjj Qgà~ shrs*

Ejf Vasvhoagv h~cmhaeje`r mhs ~afbsceya~af pmeja ghvbegs* ~asq~~acvaf bote~vhgvtaetjas* hgf bg h oesv hsvegbsmbg` ohgga~ ibjjaf bg mbsve~bchj `hts* hffbg`

booahsq~hnjr ve vma lgepjafà ei nbnjbchj nhcl`~eqgfs'>>

C~bvbcs egca ohbgvhbgaf vmhv Oesas ceqjf gev mhya p~bvvag vma Tagvhvaqcm fqa ve vma najbai

vmhv ie~os ei p~bvvag jhg`qhà fbf gev a}bsv fq~bg` 8044 N'C' Mepaya~* htt~e}bohvajr

>4*444 vhnjavs i~eo vma Obffja Ahsva~g lbg`feo ei Ajnh fhvbg` nhcl 8444 rah~s naie~a

Oesas* vma jhps ei Mhooq~hnb p~bvvag eg Njhcl Svaja fhvbg` nhcl ve >444 N'C'* hgf h ie~o

ei Man~ap hjtmhnav bgsc~bnaf eg svega ieqgf bg Kqjr >441 hv Va [hrbv nr êg A' Vhttr ei

Tbvvsnq~` Vmaeje`bchj Saobgh~r fhvas nhcl ve 8444 N'C' Hjj vmasa ibgfbg`s cegibfagvjr

sqtte~vs vmhv Oesas mhf ie~os ei p~bvbg` hv mbs fbsteshj'>3

Vma thv~bh~cmhj ta~bef mhs naag asvhnjbsmaf hs pajj hs vma a}bsvagca ei Hn~hmho* hgf vma jhgf

ei Ma~eg mhs naag cegib~oaf' Vma~a bs h ~aia~agca ve vma ibajfs ei Hn~hmho pmag Smbsmhl

ei A`rtv ceoobssbegaf h ch~ybg` ei mbs cegxqasvs' Vmbs bs shbf ve na vma ib~sv ~aia~agca nr h

geg/nbnjbchj seq~ca tqvvbg` Hn~hmho bg vma jhgf ei Thjasvbga' Qgbya~sbvr ei Cmbchè


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h~cmhaeje`bsvs qgceya~af Mh~hg bg Oasetevhobh pma~a vma Nbnja tqvs Hn~hmho hiva~ jahybg`

Q~' Vhnjav # 8=94 ieqgf bg Ajnh jbsvs hjj ibya cbvbas ei vma tjhbgs egca vmeq`mv ve na

ihn~bchvbeg' Vmasa pa~a Sefeo* @eoe~~hm* Hfohm* [anebbo* hgf [eh~'

Najep bs h geg/bgcjqsbya jbsvbg` ei evma~ cbvbas hgf tjhcas vmhv mhs naag cegib~oaf nr

h~cmhaeje`r;

Hsmfef 8 Sho' 1;8 Ieqgf nr O' Fevmhg ) F'G' Iaafohg

Hsmlajeg Kesmqh 83;3 A}chyhvaf nr K' @h~svhg`

Navmhgr @ag' 31; 8/0 A}chyhvaf nr Hjn~b`mv ) Lajse

Navmasfh Kemg 1;> A}chyhvaf nr c' Scmbcl

Cahsh~ah Hcvs 2;34 A}chyhvaf nr Bs~hajs Fatv' ei Hgvbxqbvr

Atmasqs Hcvs 82 A}chyhvaf nr K'V' Peef ) F'C' Me`h~vm

Gbgayam Keghm 8;> A}chyhvaf nr M'H' Jhrh~f

Jhefbcah ây' 8; 6* 88 Svbjj ybsbnja vefhr

Smbjem Kqfàs >8;82 A}chyhvaf nr H' Sobvm

Q~ @ag' 88;38 A}chyhvaf nr K'A' Vhrje~ ) M'^' Mhjj>6

Hoeg` evma~ ibgfbg`s bs t~eei ei vma a}bsvagca ei Tegvbqs Tbjhva* vma Mbvvbva cbybjb{hvbeg* vma

Neel ei Gqona~s* hgf evma~s sqcm hs Bs~hajbva lbg s ei Eo~b* Hmhn* hgf Kamq' Lbg`

Ganqcmhfga{{h~ phs asvhnjbsmaf hs h mbsve~bchj ib`q~a bg 8=22 pmag vma Lbg`s vaotja hv

Oh~fql hgf vma Bsmvh~ `hvas pa~a a}chyhvaf nr @a~ohg êna~v Lejfapar' Kesm OcFepajj

shbf bv pajj bg mbs neel* Oe~a Vmhg h Ch~tagva~ pmag ma shrs* .Hiva~ ta~seghjjr v~rbg` ve

smhvva~ vma mbsve~bcbvr hgf yhjbfbvr ei vma Sc~btvq~as* B mhya ceoa ve vma cegcjqsbeg vmhv vmar

h~a mbsve~bchjjr v~qsvpe~vmr'.>1

3' Vma C~afbnbjbvr ei vma Neels ei vma Nbnja GV

Bg vmbs sacvbeg pa pbjj a}tje~a vma c~afbnbjbvr ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv nr sq~yarbg` vma

ceotavagcr ei vma p~bva~s* vma mh~oegr ei vmab~ p~bvbg`s* hgf vma h`~aaoagv pbvm mbsve~r hgf

a}ta~bagca' Bg a}tje~bg` vma c~afbnbjbvr ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv* h je`bchj xqasvbeg peqjf na

pmr seoaega peqjf gev hccatv vma yejqoas ei p~bvbg`s -nevm sacqjh~ hgf nbnjbchj"* ibgfbg`s*

hgf t~eeis hs gev c~afbnja' Vma hgspa~ bs Kasqs' Vma c~bvbcs hvvhcl vma yhjbfbvr hgf hqvme~bvr

ei Kasqs nr hvvhclbg` Mbs Pe~f' Vma Nbnja mhs facjh~af bvsaji ve na bgihjjbnja* bgfasv~qcvbnja*

hgf vma qgcegvasvaf* ega hgf egjr* Pe~f ei @ef' Pbvm vmbs svhvaoagv* vma cegvagfa~s ceoa

~qggbg` pbvm hvvaotv hiva~ hvvaotv ve na vma ega vmhv vhlas vma Nbnja fepg' Saya~hj mhya

v~baf* hjj mhya ihbjaf'


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Hs pa è faata~ bg vmbs sqnkacv* vma xqasvbeg ohr h~bsa hs ve pmhv vma Gap Vasvhoagv p~bva~s

peqjf mhya ve `hbg i~eo sqcm h ihn~bchvaf sve~r' Phs `~ahv pahjvm* tepa~* e~ `je~r ve na

`hbgaf5 Sbgca pa mhya asvhnjbsmaf vma hccq~hcr ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv va}v* pa chg gep

a}tje~a vma oevbyas ei vma p~bva~s' Ohgr slatvbcs t~etesa vmhv vma htesvjas cegv~byaf vma

sve~bas* ihn~bchvaf ayagvs* hgf jbva~hjjr ohfa qt vma èstajs' Bi vmbs bs v~qa* vmag pmr fe pa

saa gev egjr vma ob~hcjas nqv hjse vma i~hbjvr hgf ihbjbg`s ei vma p~bva~s< Tava~s ~anqlaf hv vma

v~hgsib`q~hvbeg hgf eqv~b`mv fagbhj ei Kasqs hiva~ vma h~~asv* vma schvva~bg` ei vma fbscbtjas hiva~

Kasqs phs h~~asvaf* vma htth~agv xqh~~ajjbg` eya~ pme phs èbg` ve na ib~sv bg vma gap

lbg`feo nr vma htesvjas' @byag vmhv vma vasvboegr ei h peohg phs gev hs c~afbnja bg vma 8sv

cagvq~r hs h ohgs* pmr peqjf vma ihn~bchvbeg bgcjqfa vma hcceqgv ei Oh~r nabg` vma ib~sv ve

vasvbir ei vma ~bsag Je~f* e~ vma ~akacvbeg ei vma cagv~hj Shybe~ Kasqs bg mbs meoavepg5 Vma

egjr tjhqsbnja hgspa~ bs vmhv vma hcceqgvs pa ibgf bg vma Nbnja h~a mbsve~bchjjr hccq~hva hgf

p~bvvag nr cegvaote~h~r ara pbvgassas'

Hs mbsve~r mhs ie~aya~ asvhnjbsmaf* vmasa p~bva~s p~eva hs vmar pa~a sqta~ybsaf nr vma Mejr

Stb~bv' Vma tepa~iqj ayagvs pbvgassaf nr vmasa oag `hya qgfagbhnja meta vmhv Kasqs phs

hgf bs vma Seg ei @ef' Vmbs jbia phs kqsv h smhfep ei pmhv vma ~ahj hgf oe~a vhg`bnja jbia

phs vmab~s bg Kasqs' Vmbs meta jaf hjj vma htesvjas nqv Kemg ve me~~bnja fahvms' Hjvmeq`m Kemg

phs fbttaf bg nebjbg` ebj ma fbf sq~ybya hgf fbaf h ghvq~hj fahvm hs hg ejf ohg'

3'8 Vma Ceotavagcr ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv P~bva~s

Vma Gap Vasvhoagv neels chg na n~elag fepg bgve vm~aa chvaè~bas e~ sacvbegs;

H" Mbsve~bchj Neels/ Vmasa h~a vma 6 @estajs hgf Hcvs* seoavboas ~aia~~af ve hsJqla -th~v BB"

N" Thqjbga Atbsvjas/ Vmasa ~aia~ ve 86 neels ghoajr* êohgs* 8 ) > Ce~bgvmbhgs*@hjhvbhgs* Atmasbhgs* Tmbjbttbhgs* Cejessbhgs* 8 ) > Vmasshjegbhgs* 8) >

Vboevmr* Vbvqs* hgf Tmbjaoeg' Seoa n~ahl fepg vmasa iq~vma~ chjjbg` 8 ) >

Vboevmr hgf Vbvqs hs nabg` Thsve~hj Atbsvjas' B pbjj bgcjqfa vma neel ei

Man~aps pbvm vmbs sacvbeg'


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8=

C" Geg/Thqjbga Atbsvjas/ Vmasa h~a Khoas* 8 ) > Tava~* 8* >* ) 3 Kemg* Kqfa* hgfâyajhvbeg'

Vma Mbsve~bchj neels e~ vma srgetvbc èstajs pa~a p~bvvag nr Ohvvmap* Jqla* pme hjse p~eva

Hcvs* hgf Kemg' Mbsve~bchjjr* Oh~l phs p~bvvag nr Kemg Oh~l' Mepaya~* vma~a bs èef

aybfagca vmhv sq`àsvs vmhv Oh~l phs taggaf nr Kemg Oh~l nqv qgfa~ vma fb~acvbeg ei vma

htesvja Tava~' Vmbs ceoas i~eo vma p~bvbg` ei vma mbsve~bhg Aqsanbqs pme p~bvas*

.Vma Ajfa~ \htesvja Kemg_ qsaf ve shr vmbs hjse; Oh~l* mhybg` naag vma bgva~t~ava~ ei

Tava~* p~eva fepg hccq~hvajr hjj vmhv ma \Tava~_ oagvbegaf* pmavma~ shrbg`s e~ febg`s

ei Cm~bsv* gev* mepaya~* bg e~fa~'>9

Ohvvmap smeps Kasqs hs vma Jbeg ei Kqfhm* Oh~l hs vma sqiia~bg` sa~yhgv* Jqla hs vma Seg ei

Ohg* hgf Kemg te~v~hrs Kasqs hs vma Seg ei @ef' Hjvmeq`m vmasa vbvjas pa~a gev hffaf qgvbj

vma sacegf cagvq~r* ah~jr cmq~cm ihvma~s hgf ah~jr mbsve~bhgs fbfgv saa vma hqvme~smbt hs hgr

evma~ phr' Jqla v~hyajaf pbvm Thqj hgf phs h mbsve~bhg ei vma mb`masv chjbna~' Hjvmeq`m

Jqla mbosaji phs gaya~ hg ara pbvgass ve vma ayagvs cegca~gbg` Cm~bsv* ma v~hyajaf pbvm Thqj

pme phs chjjaf nr Cm~bsv eg vma ~ehf ve Fhohscqs bg h phr vmhv v~qjr phs qgbxqa'

Vma ceotavagcr ei seoa ve p~bva oe~a ajexqagvjr vmhv evma~s ~asvs pbvm nhcl`~eqgf hgf

afqchvbeg* vma bgstb~hvbeg ei vma p~bvas ~asvs sejajr eg vma fb~acvbeg ei vma Mejr Stb~bv' H

cjah~ aybfagca ei vma ch~a hgf hvvagvbeg ei vma p~bva~s bs ieqgf bg vma svhvaoagv vmhv*

Ie~ vma Gap Vasvhoagv* F~' @'^' Mhna~ohs tebgvs eqv vmhv pbvmbg 884 rah~s ei

Cm~bsvs c~qcbib}beg* htt~e}bohvajr ab`mvaag geg/Cm~bsvbhg seq~cas oagvbeg oe~a vmhg.ega mqgf~af ihcvs* najbais* hgf vahcmbg`s i~eo vma jbia ei Cm~bsv hgf ah~jr

Cm~bsvagfeo' Vmasa bvaos* B ob`mv hff* oagvbeg hjoesv aya~r ohke~ favhbj ei Kasqs

jbia* bgcjqfbg` ob~hcjas* vma âsq~~acvbeg* hgf Mbs cjhbos ve fabvr'. Sb~ Pbjjbho^hosar* ega ei vma `~ahvasv h~cmaeje`bsvs ve aya~ jbya* faoegsv~hvaf vmhv Jqla ohfa

ge obsvhlas bg ~aia~agcas ve 3> ceqgv~bas* 16 cbvbas* hgf 2 bsjhgfs'>0

Hs svhvaf ah~jba~* vma Gap Vasvhoagv chggeg phs je`bsvbchjjr bg tjhca bg hneqv 844 rah~s* rav

vma~a bs ge c~afbnja aybfagca i~eo hgr seq~ca vmhv fbstqvas vma ihcvqhjbvr* hccq~hcr* e~

c~afbnbjbvr ei hgr ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv p~bvbg`s'

Thqj phs vma lgepg p~bva~ ei vmb~vaag neels' Bg hffbvbeg ve vmasa* seoa mhya sv~eg` ~ahseg

ve najbaya vmhv vma neel ei Man~aps phs p~bvvag nr Thqj' Hjvmeq`m Man~aps bs hg qgsb`gaf

neel pmesa hqvme~smbt bs fbstqvaf* bv bs or cegybcvbeg vmhv vma p~bvbg` phs Thqjbga bg e~b`bg'


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Scmejh~s h`~aa vmhv pmeaya~ p~eva Man~aps phs h jah~gaf Cm~bsvbhg hgf vma ihcv vmhv bv phs

ybapaf hs sc~btvq~a nr vma ah~jr cmq~cm hgf vma Mejr Stb~bv jaf vmesa ve chgegb{a bv* cegib~os

bvs tjhca hs bgstb~af' B iaaj vma~a phs hotja ~ahseg ie~ Thqj ve tq~tesaiqjjr jahya mbs ghoa eii

vma neel'

Hs ve vma cegca~g ei c~afbnbjbvr* Thqj phs v~hbgaf bg vma ibgasv scmeejs* stela saya~hj

jhg`qhàs* hgf mhf lgepjafà ei sacqjh~ p~bvbg`s hs saag bg vma fbsceq~sa hv Oh~s Mbjj pmag

ma hjjqfas ve evma~ sacqjh~ p~bva~s ei vma vboa* hgf Ma lgap mbs p~bvbg`s hs Sc~btvq~a' Ie~ B

gabvma~ ~acabyaf bv ei ohg* gabvma~ phs B vhq`mv \bv_* nqv nr vma ~ayajhvbeg ei Kasqs Cm~bsv'

-@hj' 8;8>" Gbga ei Thqjs javva~s pa~a hff~assaf ve sayag fbiia~agv cmq~cmas hgf ieq~ javva~s

ve bgfbybfqhjs lgepg hs vma Thsve~hj javva~s'

Tava~ hclgepjafàs Thqjs p~bvbg` hs @ef n~ahvmas hs pa ~ahf*

Hgf hcceqgv \vmhv_ vma jeg`sqiia~bg` ei eq~ Je~f \bs_ shjyhvbeg< ayag hs eq~ najeyaf

n~evma~ Thqj hjse hcce~fbg` ve vma pbsfeo `byag qgve mbo mhvm p~bvvag qgve req< Hshjse bg hjj \mbs_ atbsvjas* stahlbg` bg vmao ei vmasa vmbg`s< bg pmbcm h~a seoa vmbg`s

mh~f ve na qgfa~sveef* pmbcm vmar vmhv h~a qgjah~gaf hgf qgsvhnja p~asv* hs \vmar fe_

hjse vma evma~ sc~btvq~as* qgve vmab~ epg fasv~qcvbeg' -> Tava~ 3;81* 89"

Thqj p~eva mbs javva~s ve na fbsv~bnqvaf hgf ~ahf hoeg` vma cmq~cmas' Bv bs hjse gevape~vmr ve

shr vmhv hoeg` vma Gap Vasvhoagv p~bvbg`s* gev ega javva~ ei Thqjs sb`gaf javva~s phs aya~fbstqvaf hs nabg` ~ayajhvbeg hgf bgstb~af nr hgr chgegbchj nefr'

Vma jhsv sacvbeg cegvhbgs vma neel ei Khoas* 8 ) > Tava~* 8* >* ) 3 Kemg* Kqfa* hgf Vma

âyajhvbeg e~ vma Htechjrtsa' Vmasa pa~a vma egas oesv fbstqvaf' Hjvmeq`m vmasa neels

ohr mhya naag ste~hfbchjjr hgf ~a`beghjjr fbstqvaf* nr 844 H'F' vma Gap Vasvhoagv* hs pa

saa bv vefhr* phs nabg` cb~cqjhvaf hgf ~ahf bg vma ah~jr cmq~cm' Khoas hgf Kqfa pa~a vma

n~evma~s ei Kasqs hgf p~eva qgfa~ vmhv hqvme~bvr' Khoas phs vma jahfa~ ei vma cmq~cm bg

Ka~qshjao' Tava~ phs hg htesvja* hgf Kemg phs ega pmeo Kasqs jeyaf pme jhva~ p~eva vma

âyajhvbeg'

Vma httahj ve v~qvm* bgva`~bvr* hgf megasv bg vmab~ p~bvbg`s bg vma ihca ei Kapbsm hgf êohg

ta~sacqvbeg vasvbibas ve vma ihcv vmhv vmasa p~bva~s pa~a gev facabya~s* nqv fajbya~af vma


20/35

>4

bgstb~af pe~f ei @ef' Vmasa p~bvbg`s agfhgà~af vmab~ jbyajbmeef* secbhj svhvqs* hgf vmab~

jbyas hgf ijap bg vma ihca ei aya~rvmbg` vmar mhf naag n~eq`mv qt ve najbaya cegca~gbg` vma

Oassbhm hgf vma phrs ei ~b`mv jbybg` naie~a @ef'

3'> Vma Mh~oegr ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv P~bva~s

Nachqsa B ho h oqsbcbhg* B ohr saa mh~oegr bg h fbiia~agv sagsa ei vma pe~f' Mh~oegr* bg

oqsbchj va~os* bs fbiia~agv gevas bg vma shoa schja* pmag tqv veàvma~* rbajfs seoavmbg` vmhv

chg na saag hs `~ahva~ vmhg vma bgfbybfqhj th~vs' Vma bgfbybfqhj gevas h~a tq~a hgf qgfaibjaf*

nqv pmag tqv pbvm ceotjaoagvh~r gevas* vmar naceoa oe~a a}t~assbya vmhg vma sbg`qjh~' Bg

vma chsa ei vma @estajs hgf vma agvb~a Gap Vasvhoagv* B saa vmao hs bgfbybfqhj gevas nqv th~v

ei h jh~à~ schja< tq~a hgf qgfaibjaf' Pmag ibvvaf veàvma~ pbvm vma evma~s* vmar `bya h

`~ahva~* n~ehfa~* hgf oe~a ohkasvbc tbcvq~a ei vma iecqs ei vma tbaca pmbcm bs Kasqs* vma

Oassbhm* vma sa~yhgv* vma ohg< @ef' Mh~oegr bs geg/cegv~hfbcvbg` e~ fbsseghgv' Vma p~eg`

geva bg tjhcaf bg vma schja svbcls eqv jbla h se~a vmqon' Vmqs peqjf na vma chsa pbvm vma

èstajs hgf* ie~ vmhv ohvva~* vmag agvb~a Nbnja'

Kasqs hs vma phr* vma V~qvm* hgf vma Jbia bs cagv~hj ve hjj vma vahcmbg`' Bg Kasqs* hjj vma

qgiqjibjjaf t~eobsas ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv pa~a latv' Vma Gap Vasvhoagv mhs h oahgbg`

vmhv bs nasv fasc~bnaf hs h jhsv pbjj hgf vasvhoagv' Bg laatbg` pbvm vma hghje`r* vma pbjj

egjr ceoas bgve tjhr qteg vma fahvm ei vma ta~seg ohlbg` vma pbjj' Bg eq~ chsa* vma fahvm

Kasqs eg vma c~ess qsma~af bg vma gap ceyaghgv hs p~bvvag bg vma thàs ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv'

Pmag ybapbg` vma mh~oegr ei vma p~bva~s* pa oqsv qgfa~svhgf vma nhcl`~eqgf ei vma p~bva~s*

vma hqfbagca ei vma p~bvbg`* vma tq~tesa vmhv vma p~bvbg` hcmbayaf' Vma hqvme~s ei vma Gap

Vasvhoagv h~a Ohvvmap* Oh~l -tessbnjr qgfa~ Tava~s fb~acvbeg"* Jqla -pbvm mbsve~bchj bgtqv

i~eo Thqj hgf evma~ arapbvgassas"* Kemg* Kqfa* Khoas* Thqj* Tava~* hgf vma p~bva~ ei Man~aps

bi Thqj phs gev vma hqvme~' Hjj ei vmasa oag pa~a Kapbsm bg ma~bvhà a}catv ie~ Jqla'

Ayag vmeq`m vmasa neels pa~a p~bvvag pbvmbg vma sthg ei jass vmhg sb}vr rah~s* ohgr i~eo

sath~hva tjhcas* vma qgfa~jrbg` vmaoas fe ge cegijbcv' Bgsvahf* vmar `bya h tq~tesaiqj

cegcbsa oasshà vmhv te~v~hrs Kasqs hs vma Oassbhm* Kasqs bg Mbs mqohgbvr* Kasqs hs vma


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>8

sa~yhgv* hgf Kasqs hs @ef' Pbvm vma jahfbg` ei vma Mejr Stb~bv* vma hqvme~s a}teqgf eg

Cm~bsvbhg jbybg`* iecqs* fecv~bga* t~eta~ hssaonjr* hgf eq~ iqvq~a bg vma Lbg`feo ei @ef< hjj

pbvmeqv cegv~hfbcvbg`* rav iecqsbg` ei fbiia~agv hstacvs ei vma shoa oasshà'

Pbvm vma majt ei hg Qgà~s Nbnja Fbcvbegh~r* vma iejjepbg` vhnja mhs naag cegsv~qcvaf ve

ybsqhjjr hbf bg vma svh`à~bg` tepa~ ei Mejr Stb~bv bg vma fb~acvbeg hgf bgstb~hvbeg ei vma Gap

Vasvhoagv p~bva~s' Vma neels h~a bg h cm~egeje`bchj e~fa~ bgsvahf ei Nbnjbchj saxqagca'

Ohvvmap bs jbsvaf ib~sv* pbvm vma qgfa~svhgfbg` vmhv vma~a peqjf na ge h~`qoagv bi Oh~l pa~a

jbsvaf hs ib~sv'

Fhva ei

P~bvbg`

-H'F'"

Neel %

Hqvme~

Jechvbeg

Pma~a

P~bvvag

Hqfbagca Vmaoas

61/11 Ohvvmap%

Ohvvmap

Hgvbecm Kaps bg Sr~bh Kasqs vma Oassbhm hs Lbg`< Jbeg ei Kqfhmgf obssbegh~r keq~gar< Oe~a

eg vma fhr ei vma Je~f hgf vma sacegf

ceobg` ei Kasqs'

16 8 Ce~' %

Thqj

Atmasqs Cm~bsvbhgs bg Ce~bgvm P~bvvag fq~bg` 3~f obssbegh~r keq~gar Vbo' %Thqj êoa Vboevmr bg Atmasqs

Ibghj pe~fs ei agceq~hàoagv ve Vboevmr hs

ve vma phjl hgf cmh~hcva~ ei h v~qa sa~yhgv eiCm~bsv bg vma obsv ei htesvhsr'

01 Kqfa % Vma

n~evma~ ei

Kasqs

Qglgepg Cm~bsvbhgs bg @aga~hj Ib`mvbg` ie~ vma ihbvm hgf vma sacegf ceobg`

ei vma Je~f'

=1

24s

Kemg % Kemg Atmasqs Cm~bsvbhgs ) taetja

bg hgf gah~ Atmasqs

Kasqs vma Oassbhm hs Seg ei @ef< @ef bg vma

ijasm< âyahjs vma ghvq~a ei @ef

21 âyajhvbeg %

Kemg

Bsjhgf ei

Thvoes eii

Hsbhg Obge~

Ma pme mhs ah~s jav

mbo mah~'

Vma vmbg`s pmbcm mhya naag* pmbcm h~a* hgf

pmbcm h~a svbjj rav ve ceoa' Vma ceobg` ei

vma Je~f Kasqs Cm~bsv' Vma ~afaotvbeg ei

ohglbgf hgf hjj ei c~ahvbeg'

24 / 21 8 Kemg %

Kemg

Atmasqs Cm~bsvbhgs hgf vmesa

bg Atmasqs

Vma jeya ei @ef hgf phjl bg Mbs jb`mv'

21 BB Kemg %

Kemg

Atmasqs H cmq~cm gah~

Atmasqs

P~bvbg` h`hbgsv ihjsa vahcma~s hgf phjl bg

@efs jeya'

21 BBB Kemg %

Kemg

Atmasqs H ca~vhbg ohg bg vma

cmq~cm @hbqs'

Sv~assas ta~seghj ~astegsbnbjbvr< ~anqla

h`hbgsv ihjsa vahcma~s'>=

Vma vhnja hneya ohlas bv aybfagv vmhv ayag vmeq`m vma Gap Vasvhoagv p~bva~s pa~a bg

yh~beqs ~a`begs hs vmar p~eva* vma vmaoa bs svbjj vma shoa< Vma Oassbhm mhs ceoa* Mbs ghoa bs

Kasqs* hgf Ma bs Vma Phr* Vma V~qvm* hgf Vma Jbia' Shjyhvbeg bs nr `~hca vm~eq`m ihbvm bg

vma ibgbsmaf pe~l ei Kasqs Cm~bsv eg vma c~ess' Kasqs phs vma~a pmag @ef shbf* Jav qs ohla

ohg bg eq~ epg bohà' Vma Cm~bsvbhg bs ve phjl bg jeya ega veph~f hgevma~* hgf laat h

yb`bjhgv ara veph~f vma ceobg` ei vma Lbg` ve vhla Mbs taetja meoa' Vma èstajs te~v~hr

Kasqs hs vma Oassbhm* vma atbsvjas vahcm eg jbia hs iejjepa~ ei Cm~bsv* hgf vma âyajhvbeg ei

Kasqs Cm~bsv vajjs qs ei vma ceobg` ei eq~ Je~f hgf eq~ ~eja bg vma ayagvs ei vmhv vboa'

3'3 Vma H`~aaoagv pbvm Mbsve~r hgf A}ta~bagca

Ega vmeq`mv vmhv fasa~yas oagvbegbg` h`hbg bs gev egjr ve gevbca pmhv mbsve~r vajjs qs

cegca~gbg` vmasa vboas* nqv pmhv mbsve~r feas gev shr e~ mbsve~bhgs fe gev oagvbeg' H`hbg*

Cm~bsvbhgs pa~a ta~sacqvaf nr nevm vma Kaps hgf vma êohgs' Vma qgbxqagass ei vma neels

vmhv ohla qt vma Gap Vasvhoagv bs vmhv vmar pa~a cb~cqjhvaf vm~eq`meqv h mesvbja ~a`beg'


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>6

Pbvm vmbs shbf vma~a bs ge c~afbnja mbsve~bchj aybfagca e~ p~bvbg` vmhv hvvaotvs ve t~eya vma

Nbnja hs ihb~/vhjas e~ orvms' Pbvm se ohgr ara pbvgassas svbjj hjbya fq~bg` vma vboa vmasa

neels pa~a p~bvvag* bi hgr pa~a ihjsa e~ vejf ei vmbg`s vmhv pa~a gev v~qa* vma~a peqjf mhya

naag h oqjvbvqfa ei taetja ~ahfr ve fanqgl vmbs sacv hgf sveot Cm~bsvbhgbvr eqv'

Vma jhcl ei fa~e`hve~r aybfagca e~ vasvboegr ~aiqvbg` vma ayagvs hs te~v~hraf bg vma Nbnja

jagfs age~oeqs c~afbnbjbvr ve vma neels hgf vma bgva`~bvr ei vma p~bva~s'

Vma ijbt sbfa ve vmhv bs pmhv sacqjh~ mbsve~bhgs fbf shr cegca~gbg` vma taetja tjhcas hgf vboas

te~v~hraf bg vma Gap Vasvhoagv' Pa pbjj jeel hs sqcm thsshàs i~eo seoa gevaf

cegvaote~h~r mbsve~bhgs ei vmhv fhr hgf pmhv vmar shbf cegca~gbg` vma ayagvs te~v~hraf bg vma

Gap Vasvhoagv'

Vma ib~sv p~bva~ bs Ihjybqs Kesatmqs pme phs ne~g bg 30 H'F' hgf jbyaf ve saa hgf ~ace~f vma

fasv~qcvbeg ei vma Vaotja bg 04 H'F' Ma phs h Kapbsm mbsve~bhg pmesa pe~ls bgcjqfa Vma

Ph~ ei vma Kaps* Hgvbxqbvbas ei vma Kaps* hgf H`hbgsv Htbeg' Mbs p~bvbg`s jagf

v~aoagfeqs bgsb`mv bgve vmbs vboa ta~bef' Ma p~bvas vmbs cegca~gbg` Kasqs*

Gep* vma~a phs hneqv vmbs vboa Kasqs* h pbsa ohg* bi bv na jhpiqj ve chjj mbo h ohg*ie~ ma phs h fea~ ei pegfa~iqj pe~lsh vahcma~ ei sqcm oag hs ~acabya vma v~qvm

pbvm tjahsq~a' Ma f~ap eya~ ve mbo nevm ohgr ei vma Kaps* hgf ohgr ei vma @agvbjas'Ma phs \vma_ Cm~bsv< hgf pmag Tbjhva* hv vma sq`àsvbeg ei vma t~bgcbthj oag hoeg`sv

qs* mhf cegfaogaf mbo ve vma c~ess* vmesa vmhv jeyaf mbo hv vma ib~sv fbf gev ie~shlambo* ie~ ma httah~af ve vmao hjbya h`hbg vma vmb~f fhr* hs vma fbybga t~etmavs mhf

ie~avejf vmasa hgf vag vmeqshgf evma~ pegfa~iqj vmbg`s cegca~gbg` mbo< hgf vma v~bna

ei Cm~bsvbhgs* se ghoaf i~eo mbo* h~a gev a}vbgcv hv vmbs fhr'>2

Bg vmbs ega thsshà* Kesatmqs `byas hg hcceqgv ei vma mbsve~bchj Kasqs* mbs tesbvbeg hs h

vahcma~ ei v~qvm* vma cegya~sbeg ei Kaps hgf @agvbjas hjbla* Kasqs hs vma Cm~bsv* hgf vma

mbsve~bchj ib`q~a ei Tbjhva' Pa ~ahf vmhv Kasqs phs c~qcbibaf eg h c~ess hv vma sq`àsvbeg ei

vma Kaps* hgf vmhv ma ~esa h`hbg eg vma vmb~f fhr hgf phs saag nr ohgr' Kesatmqs hcceqgvs

vmhv vmbs phs ie~avejf nr vma t~etmavs yhjbfhvbg` vma Ejf Vasvhoagv nr h sacqjh~ mbsve~bhg'

Kesatmqs tqvs Kemg vma Nhtvbsv bg hg mbsve~bchj cegva}v nr oagvbegbg` mbo* mbs chjjbg`* vma

ihcv vmhv ma nhtvb{af ohgr* hgf mbs fahvm'


25/35

>1

>' Gep seoa ei vma Kaps vmeq`mv vmhv vma fasv~qcvbeg ei Ma~efs h~or choa i~eo

@ef* hgf vmhv ya~r kqsvjr* hs h tqgbsmoagv ei pmhv ma fbf h`hbgsv Kemg* vmhv phs

chjjaf vma Nhtvbsv; ie~ Ma~ef sjap mbo* pme phs h `eef ohg* hgf ceoohgfaf vmaKaps ve a}a~cbsa yb~vqa* nevm hs ve ~b`mvaeqsgass veph~fs ega hgevma~* hgf tbavr

veph~fs @ef* hgf se ve ceoa ve nhtvbso


26/35


27/35


28/35

>=

Vma v~hfbvbeghj Kapbsm chgeg phs fbybfaf bgve vm~aa sacvbegs -Jhp* T~etmavs*

P~bvbg`s"* hgf hg qgqsqhj iahvq~a ei vma jhsv sacvbeg phs vma jbsvbg` ei Cm~egbcjas eqv

ei mbsve~bchj e~fa~* tjhcbg` bv hiva~ A{~h/Gamaobhm hgf ohlbg` bv vma jhsv neel ei vmachgeg' Bg jb`mv ei vmbs* vma pe~fs ei Kasqs bg Jqla 88;14/18 ~aijacv vma savvjaf

cmh~hcva~ ei vma Kapbsm chgeg -pbvm bvs tacqjbh~ e~fa~" hj~ahfr bg mbs fhr' Cm~bsv qsas

vma a}t~assbeg .i~eo vma njeef ei Hnaj ve vma njeef ei [acmh~bhm*. pmbcm httah~sv~eqnjaseoa sbgca [acmh~bhm phs gev cm~egeje`bchjjr vma jhsv oh~vr~ oagvbegaf bg vma

Nbnja -ci' Ka~' >9;>4/>3"' Mepaya~* [acmh~bhm bs vma jhsv oh~vr~ pa ~ahf ei bg vma Ejf

Vasvhoagv hcce~fbg` ve Kapbsm chgegbchje~fa~ -ci' BB Cm~eg' >6;>4/>>"* pmbcm phshtth~agvjr ~ace`gb{af nr Kasqs hgf mbs mah~a~s'

3=

Kasqs phs agceothssbg` vma agvb~ajr ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv bg vmbs ega thsshà'

Vma na`bggbg` ei vma chgegb{hvbeg chg na v~hcaf nhcl ve Oesas pmag ma p~bvas*

Hgf ma veel vma neel ei vma ceyaghgv* hgf ~ahf bg vma hqfbagca ei vma taetja; hgf vmar shbf*

Hjj vmhv vma JE^F mhvm shbf pbjj pa fe* hgf na enafbagv' -A}ef' >6;0 LKY"' Hgevma~

thsshà vmhv bs gevape~vmr bg ~acegcbjbg` vma chgeg ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv bs i~eo Gamaobhm

pmbcm shrs* Se vmar ~ahf bg vma neel bg vma jhp ei @ef fbsvbgcvjr* hgf `hya vma sagsa* hgf

chqsaf \vmao_ ve qgfa~svhgf vma ~ahfbg`' -Gam' =;= LKY" Pmag A{~h phs vahcmbg` i~eo vma

jhp* vmbs peqjf mhya naag hneqv 666 N'C'* ma mhf ve agceq~hà vmao gev ve paat pmag vmar

mah~f bv* nqv vmhv vma ker ei vma Je~f bs vmab~ sv~ag`vm' Vmar qgfa~sveef vmhv vmbs phs i~eo vma

Je~f' Oesv scmejh~s najbaya vmhv vma neel vmhv Kesbhm phs n~eq`mv hiva~ Mbjlbhm ieqgf bv hgf

`hya bv ve Smhtmhg bg > Lbg`s >>;= phs vma neel ei Faqva~egeor'

Vma Man~ap Nbnja* hs oagvbegaf naie~a* bs bg vm~aa sacvbegs; 8" Jhp* >" T~etmavs* hgf 3"

Mh`be`~htmh e~ P~bvbg`s' Kasqs nag Sb~h gevas eg oe~a vmhv ega ecchsbeg bg vma t~eje`qa ve

mbs v~hgsjhvbeg ei Accjasbhsvbcqs i~eo Man~ap ve @~aal* ei vma vm~aa fbybsbegs ei vma Kapbsm

Nbnja* vmhv vmasa neels pa~a fbsvbg`qbsmhnja i~eo evma~ p~bvbg`s hv vma vboa* hgf vmhv vmbs

cejjacvbeg phs ayag cjesaf fq~bg` mbs ihvma~s vboa' Naclpbvm gevas vmhv* Vmbs thsshà chg

mh~fjr mhya naag p~bvvag jhva~ vmhg hneqv 834 NCA'32

Bi vmbs bs v~qa* vmag vma chgeg ei vma

Kapbsm Nbnja phs cjesaf hgf fbsvbg`qbsmhnja hs ah~jr hs vma jhva vmb~f cagvq~r' Vmbs peqjf

cebgcbfa pbvm vma vm~aa fbybsbegs hs gevaf bg Jqla >6;66'


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>2

6'> Vma Chgegbcbvr ei vma Neels ei vma GV

Bg laatbg` pbvm vma bfah ei vma Gap Vasvhoagvs ~b`mv ve na hth~v ei vma chgeg* pa pbjj

thvva~g vma ~aybap hiva~ vma xqhjbibchvbeg ei vma bgstb~af chgeg pmbcm h~a p~bva~s hqvme~bvr*

bgstb~hvbeg ei va}v ~ayahjbg` bgva~ghj aybfagca ei vma cmh~hcva~ ei @ef* hgf ~ace`gbvbeg hgf

t~asa~yhvbeg ei vma va}v nr vma cmq~cm'

Pmag B phjl eg vma shgf* B jahya h ieevt~bgv' Pmag B vhjl ve evma~s* vmar chg ~ace`gb{a or

yebca bi vmar mhya cegya~saf pbvm oa naie~a' Pmag evma~s stahl ei vmbg`s vmhv B mhya

sqttesafjr shbf* bv chg ahsbjr na fava~obgaf bi B phs vma stahla~ nr vma cmh~hcva~* vega* hgf

cegvagv ei vmhv pmbcm B phs sqttesa ve mhya shbf' Vma Nbnja bs ge fbiia~agv' Vma Mejr Stb~bv

jahyas fbybga ieevt~bgvs* mhs h fbsvbgcv yebca* hgf h ~ace`gb{hnja vega hgf cmh~hcva~ vmhv chg

na ahsbjr fbsvbg`qbsmaf i~eo vma p~bvbg`s ei ohg'

Bv oqsv na shbf ma~a vmhv gabvma~ Kasqs ge~ vma Kaps hccatvaf vma Htec~rtmhj neels' Kasqs

gaya~ xqevaf i~eo vma neels ge~ sqnsc~bnaf vmao hs sc~btvq~a bg hgr phr' Hjj vma p~bva~s ei

vma Gap Vasvhoagv pa~a abvma~ hg Htesvja ei Kasqs e~ qgfa~ vma fb~acv sqta~ybsbeg ei hg

Htesvja' Tava~ phs Oh~ls nhclbg` hgf Thqj phs Jqlas nhclbg`' Vma Nbnja* qgjbla hgr

evma~ neel facjh~bg` ve na vma Pe~f ei @ef* bs h saji/hqvmagvbchvbg` neel' Vma Nbnja bvsaji

bs bvs epg Sqt~aoa Ceq~v' Vma cmbai ~qja ei nbnjbchj bgva~t~avhvbeg bs shc~af Sc~btvq~a bs bvs

epg bgva~t~ava~'64

Sacegf peqjf na vma ~ace`gbvbeg ei oag vmhv pmhv phs nabg` p~bvvag phs @ef n~ahvmaf hgf

sav hth~v i~eo evma~ p~bvbg`s ei vma vboa' Vma ib~sv cmq~cm ceqgcbj ve ~ace`gb{a hjj vpagvr/

sayag neels ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv phs hv Ch~vmhà bg 320 H'F' Pmhv phs htt~eyaf bg

Ch~vmhà phs ~hvbibaf hv vma Srgef ei Mbtte bg â`bqs ieq~ rah~ ah~jba~' Chggeg >6 phs ~ahf

hjjepaf hgf ~ace`gb{af hv vma egjr pe~fs ve na ~ahf hs fbybgajr bgstb~af sc~btvq~a'

Chgeg >6' Nasbfas vma chgegbchj Sc~btvq~as* gevmbg` smhjj na ~ahf bg cmq~cm qgfa~

vma ghoa ei fbybga Sc~btvq~as' Oe~aeya~* vma chgegbchj Sc~btvq~as h~a vmasa; \vmagiejjeps h jbsv ei Ejf Vasvhoagv neels_' Vma \neels ei vma_ Gap Vasvhoagv; vma

@estajs* ieq~ neels< vma Hcvs ei vma Htesvjas* ega neel< vma Atbsvjas ei Thqj* vmb~vaag Cm~egbcjas

33* ve Fbecjavbhg bg 343 H'F'* hjj hvvaotvs ve pbta vma Pe~f hphr e~ ce~~qtv bv mhya ihbjaf'

Vma t~asa~yhvbeg ei sc~btvq~a chg na saag hs sqta~ghvq~hj vm~eq`m vma jags ei hvvaotvaf

fasv~qcvbeg' Ihbjq~a ve fasv~er vma Nbnja bs h vasvboegr bg bvsaji ve t~asa~yhvbeg'

Sqooh~r;

I~eo A{~h ve vma Satvqh`bgv* ve vma srgef ei Mbtte* vmbs cejjacvbeg ei bgstb~af neels mhs h

sch~jav vm~ahf pahybg` vmao ve avma~ bg ie~o ei Kasqs Cm~bsv' Pbvm h sqtte~v nhsa ei eya~

>6*444 ohgqsc~btvs mhybg` h 22'1! hccq~hcr ~hva* vma Nbnja mhs naag sqta~ghvq~hjjr

t~asa~yaf latv i~eo ce~~qtvbeg ve vmbs fhr'

Vma ihcv vmhv vmasa sb}vr/sb} neels* taggaf nr eya~ ie~vr hqvme~s eya~ h sthg ei ibivaag

mqgf~af rah~s svbjj ~aohbgs ega neel pbvm h sbg`jagass ei obgf i~eo vma mah~v ei @ef' Kasqs

Cm~bsv chg na ieqgf eg aya~r thà pbvm h fasb~a ve ~afaao vma jesv' Ve fbsc~afbv vma

àgqbgagass* c~afbnbjbvr* hgf chgegbcbvr ei hgr ei vma neels peqjf na hnsq~f' Rav* pa ibgf

eq~sajyas bg vma shoa tesbvbeg hs vma Cm~bsvbhgs ei vma ib~sv cagvq~r fbf se jeg` hè< ib`mvbg`

ma~asr hv aya~r vq~g* hgf faiagfbg` vma ihbvm pbvm hjj vmhv bs pbvmbg qs' Pa fe mhya vma

hfyhgvhà* Ma vmhv bs bg qs bs `~ahva~ vmhv ma vmhv bs bg vma pe~jf'


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38

Pa fe gev mhya ve na hsmhoaf ei vma @estaj ei Kasqs Cm~bsv' Vma h~`qoagv bs jesv pmag ohg

vmbgls mbs v~bva h~`qoagvs cegca~gbg` vma yhjbfbvr ei vma Nbnja fe hgr èef' Hs fanhvas ~hà

navpaag vmesa vmhv najbaya vma Nbnja hgf vmesa vmhv fegv* vma tq~sqbv ei v~qvm vhlas h jaiv vq~g*

veph~f vma tq~sqbv ei pbggbg`' Hjj vma pmbja* vma sbgiqj mah~v ei ohg ~aiqsbg` vma ~ayajhvbeg

ei @ef sagfs mbo ve majj' Sbg bs cjehlaf bg bgvajjacvqhj fanhvas hgf h~`qoagvs vmhv bg vma agf

gabvma~ pbg h seqj ge~ vq~g h mah~v ei ohg veph~f Cm~bsv'

V~qa cegya~sbeg ceoas pmag vma fanhva vq~gs i~eo vma bgvajjacv hgf iecqsas eg vma

cegscbeqs' Bv bs vma~a vmhv ~ahj cegybcvbeg jbas' B mhya gaya~ peg ega seqj ve vma Lbg`feo ei

@ef nr fanhvbg` ayejqvbeg* e~ h~`qbg` vma chgegbcbvr ei vma Ejf e~ Gap Vasvhoagv va}v'

Fegv àv oa p~eg`' Ie~ h Cm~bsvbhg* bv bs èef ve mhya h faata~ lgepjafà hgf htt~acbhvbeg

ie~ vma yhsvgass ei @ef ~ayahjaf bg vma Pe~f* hgf Mbs Seg Kasqs Cm~bsv' Bi egas chjjbg` bs ve

vahcm e~ t~ahcm* vmag bv bs ayag oe~a bote~vhgv' Mepaya~* bv phs gev vma tq~sqbv ei

lgepjafà vmhv stq~~af oa ve Nbnjbchj hchfaobh* nqv vma jbia ei Kasqs bg or stb~bv' B phgv ve

lgep aya~rvmbg` B chg hneqv or Shybe~ hgf vmesa vmhv v~qsvaf bg Mbo' Mbs Pe~f bs agqbga*

Mbs Pe~f bs c~afbnja* hgf Mbs Pe~f mhs naag ~ace`gb{af hgf ihbvmiqjjr t~asa~yaf nr ohg' B

bgvagf ve t~asa~ya bv nr p~bvbg` bv eg or mah~v'


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3>

NBNJBE@^HTMR

8 ppp'ch~o'e~`%nbnja%nbnjapmag'mvo

> mvvt;%%nbnjbchj/svqfbas'ch%tfis%Mbsve~rUeiUEVUVa}vUfbh`~ho'tfi

3

Pah~ga~* Hjeg{e K' Iqgfhoagvhjs ei Nbnja Fecv~bga' Sb}vr Svqfbas bg vma Nhsbc Ihcvs ei vma Aya~jhsvbg`@estaj H~~hgàf i~e Cjhssas bg Hfyhgcaf Nbnjbchj Fecv~bgas'* âybsaf Afbvbeg' âybap hgf Ma~hjf Tqnjbsmbg`

Hssecbhvbeg' Vh}eoh Th~l* Phsmbg`veg* F'C'* 8238'

6 ppp'ovbe'ceo%h~vbcjas%nbssh~31'mvo' Hs vhlag i~eo; Nq~`jhgf* F~' Jhga' âhfbg` vma Nbnja pbvm

qgfa~svhgfbg`' Mep Pa @ev vma Nbnja< Cmhtva~ 83' Hqvme~s hgf Fhva ei P~bvbg`

1 mvvt;%%ppp'èstajeqv~ahcm'gav%nbnja3'mvoj

9 mvvt;%%ppp'gaphfyagv'e~`%chvmag%4=802n'mvo'

0 Bgie~ohvbeg vhlag i~eo Ahsvegs 8=20 Nbnja Fbcvbegh~r Pe~jf Pbfa Pan Ya~sbeg

mvvt;%%ppp'ccaj'e~`%a%ahsveg%anf%anf%V444>444'mvoj#V444>431'

= Bgie~ohvbeg vhlag i~eoAhsvegs 8=20 Nbnja Fbcvbegh~r Pe~jf Pbfa Pan Ya~sbeg

mvvt;%%ppp'ccaj'e~`%a%ahsveg%anf%anf%V444>>44'mvoj#V444>>31

2 Bgie~ohvbeg vhlag i~eoAhsvegs 8=20 Nbnja Fbcvbegh~r Pe~jf Pbfa Pan Ya~sbeg

mvvt;%%ppp'ccaj'e~`%a%ahsveg%anf%anf%V4448>44'mvoj#V4448>24

84 Bgie~ohvbeg vhlag i~eoAhsvegs 8=20 Nbnja Fbcvbegh~r Pe~jf Pbfa Pan Ya~sbeg

mvvt;%%ppp'ccaj'e~`%a%ahsveg%anf%anf%V4444244'mvoj#V4444204

88Sv' Ka~eoa* Ceooagvh~r eg Fhgbaj -821="' tt' 81/810' T~eje`qa' V~hgsjhvaf nr @jahseg J' H~cma~' NHLA^

NEEL MEQSA' @~hgf ^htbfs 9* Obcmb`hg' 821=' Jbn~h~r ei Ceg`~ass Chvhje` Ch~f Gqona~; 1=/12=8=

8> ^r~ba* Cmh~jas Chjfpajj* ^r~ba Svqfr Nbnja* A}thgfaf Afbvbeg* Oeefr* t`' 8681'

83 Nh}va~* K' Sbfjep* A}tje~a Vma Neel* [egfa~yhg* @~hgf ^htbfs* 8294* t`' 83

86 Tbgl* H~vmq~ P' Vma Fbybga Bgstb~hvbeg ei vma Nbnja' Cm' 3' t`' 2

81Tbgl* H~vmq~ P' Vma Fbybga Bgstb~hvbeg ei vma Nbnja' Cm' 3' t`' 2

89 Kemg P' Oegvèoa~r* Mbsve~r hgf Cm~bsvbhgbvr' Fepga~s @~eya; Bgva~Yh~sbvr T~ass* 8209* t`' >2

80 mvvt;%%ppp'ch~o'e~`%aybfagca%va}vqhjaybfagca'mvo

8= I' I' N~qca* Vma Gap Vasvhoagv Fecqoagvs; H~a Vmar âjbhnja5' @~hgf ^htbfs; Aa~fohgs* 82=0* t`' 81'

82 Sb~ I~afa~bcl Lagreg* Vma Nbnja hgf H~cmaeje`r' Gap Re~l; Mh~ta~* 8264* t`' >==*>=2'

>4 Kemgseg* N' P' .Xqevhvbegs i~eo vma Ejf Vasvhoagv bg vma Gap Vasvhoagv*. Vma Taetjas Gap Vasvhoagv'

Njqa Javva~ Nbnja' 8 Hq` >44>' >2 Fac >449':mvvt;%%njqajavva~nbnja'e~`%svqfr%tgv%tgv4='mvoj7'

>8 @qvm~ba* Feghjf* .Gap Vasvhoagv Vmaeje`r.'Ag`jhgf; Bgva~/Yh~sbvr T~ass* 82=8 t`' 210

>> Qgà~* F~' Oa~~bjj'H~cmhaeje`r hgf vma Ejf Vasvhoagv* @~hgf ^htbfs; [egfa~yhg* 8216* t`'81'


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33

>3 Hfhtvaf i~eo; Qgà~* Oa~~bj I' Qgà~s Nbnja Fbcvbegh~r* Cmbchè;Oeefr* 8208* t`' 666'

>6 Hfhtvaf i~eo; Vmeotseg Cmhbg/âia~agca Nbnja -GBY"* I~hgl Cmh~jas Vmeotseg* Af'*.H~cmhaeje`bchj

Sqttjaoagv*. nr @' I~afa~bcl Epag* F'F'* Lb~ln~bfa%[egfa~yhg* @~hgf ^htbfs* OB* 820=* t`'89>2/22

>1

OcFepajj* Kesm* Oe~a Vmhg h Ch~tagva~' Pmahveg* Bjjbgebs; Vrgfhja Meqsa Tqnjbsma~s* 8200* t`' 10'

>9Aqsanbqs' Vma Mbsve~r ei vma Cmq~cm* nl' 3* cmht' 32

>0mvvt;%%ppp'èstajeqv~ahcm'gav%nbnja3'mvoj

>= Vma Gap Qgà~s Nbnja Fbcvbegh~r' E~b`bghjjr tqnjbsmaf nr Oeefr T~ass ei Cmbchè* Bjjbgebs' Cetr~b`mv -c"

82=='"

>2 Kesatmqs* Ijhybqs' Vma Hgvbxqbvbas ei vma Kaps* neel 8=* cmhtva~ 3* th~h`~htm 3

34 Kesatmqs* Ihjybqs' Hgvbxqbvbas* Neel 8=* Cm' 1* Th~' >

38

Oh~vr~* Kqsvbg* Hteje`r* Cm' ]]]Y'/Evma~ Iqjibjjaf T~etmacbas3> Hi~bchgqs* Kqjbqs* A}vhgv P~bvbg`s 8=* Hgva/Gbcaga Ihvma~s* Yej 9'

33 mvvt;%%ppp'hgspa~sbgàgasbs'e~`%qs%gapsjavva~s%4643jahf'hst

36 ^hoshr* Pbjjbho* Sv' Thqj vma V~hyaja~ hgf vma êohg Cbvb{ag -@~hgf ^htbfs* OB; Nhla~ Neels* 82=>"* ='

31Sma~pbg`/Pmbva* H' G'* êohg Secbavr hgf êohg Jhp bg vma Gap Vasvhoagv -E}ie~f; Cjh~agfeg T~ass*

8293"*t`' 8=2'

39 Se``bg* K'H'* Bgv~efqcvbeg ve vma Ejf Vasvhoagv' Jegfeg; SCO* 82=2* t`'83'

30 Ayhgs* C~hb` H'* Vma Sc~btvq~as ei Kasqs hgf Mbs Ah~jbasv Iejjepa~s* t`' 828/826* >44>"

3= mvvt;%%ppp'~aie~oaf'e~`%ohsva~%bgfa}'mvoj5ohbgi~hoa?%nbnja%nhmgsagUchgeg'mvoj

32 Naclpbvm* ^'* Vma Ejf Vasvhoagv Chgeg ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv Cmq~cm' Jegfeg; STCL* 82=1* t`'884'

64 St~eqj* ^'C'* Assagvbhj V~qvms ei vma Cm~bsvbhg Ihbvm'* Th~v B/ Vma Ghvq~a hgf Hvv~bnqvas ei @ef* sacv' =/ Vma

V~bqgbvr ei @ef'* Cetr~b`mv 822> nr ^' C' St~eqj

68 mvvt;%%ppp'gvchgeg'e~`%Ch~vmhà'chgeg'smvoj


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36

XQASVBEG HGF HGSPA^ TH@A

X'8" Pmhv h~a vma fbybsbegs ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv5

H'8" Tagvhvaqcm* Mbsve~bchj Neels* Teavbc Neels* T~etmavbc Neels -Ohke~ % Obge~"'

Mepaya~* Kasqs vagfs ve ~ajhva ve vmao hs vma Jhp* T~etmavs* ) Tsjhos'

X'>" Pma~a hgf pmag pa~a vma fahf sah sc~ejjs ieqgf5

H'>" Ieqgf bg Xqo~hg bg 8260'

X'3" Pmhv h~a vma > ohbg Ejf Vasvhoagv v~hgsjhvbegs qsaf vefhr5

H'3" Satvqh`bgv hgf Ohse~avbc Va}vs'

X'6" Pmag phs vma Satvqh`bgv ceotjavaf5

H'6" >14 H'F' nr sayagvr Kapbsm scmejh~s i~eo Hja}hgf~bh'

X'1" Pmhv T~etmav cjesas eqv vma Ejf Vasvhoagv5H'1" Ohjhcmb cjesas eqv vma Nbnja Ejf Vasvhoagv* nqv vma~a chg na hg h~`qoagv vmhv Kemg

vma Nhtvbsv phs vma jhsv ei vma t~etmavs fqa ve mbs ma~hjfbg` ei vma Oassbhm'

X'9" Mep ohgr t~etmavs ghoaf Bshbhm p~eva vma neel ei Bshbhm5

H'9" EGA

X'0" Pmhv bs vma bgva~ghj hccq~hcr ~hva ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv cetbas5

H'0" 22'1!

X'=" Htt~e}bohvajr mep ohgr Gap Vasvhoagv ohgqsc~btvs hgf cetbas ~aohbg5

H'=" Cjesa ve >1*444

X'2" Mep ohgr neels ei vma Ejf Vasvhoagv fbf Kasqs xqeva i~eo5

H'2" >6

X'84" Mep ohgr vboas mhs hg h~cmaeje`r fbsceya~r cegijbcvaf pbvm h Nbnjbchj ihcv5

H'84" Gega

X'88" Pmhv bs vma sb`gbibchgca ei Vhnjav #8=94 ieqgf bg Ajnh5

H'88" Bv t~eyas vma mbsve~bchj a}bsvagca ei Sefeo* @eoe~~hm* Hfohm* [anebbo* hgf [eh~'

X'8>" Mep bs vma Gap Vasvhoagv n~elag fepg5

H'8>" Mbsve~bchj Neels* Thqjbga Atbsvjas* hgf Geg/Thqjbga Atbsvjas'

X'83" Mep ohgr neels ei vma Nbnja fbf Thqj p~bva5

H'83" 83 tessbnjr 86 bi Man~aps bs ceqgvaf hoeg` vma p~bvbg`s ei Thqj

X'86" Mep jeg` fbf bv vhla ie~ hjj vma neels ei vma Gap Vasvhoagv ve na p~bvvag5

H'86" Jass vmhv 04 rah~s'


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X'81" Pma~a feas vma pe~f chgeg ceoa i~eo5

H'81" I~eo vma @~aal pe~f lhgeg oahgbg` sv~hb`mv ~ef e~ oahsq~bg` ~ef'

X'89" Pmhv ~eja feas vma ceqgcbjs ei ohg mhya bg vma chgeg eg sc~btvq~a5

H'89" âce`gbvbeg ei bgstb~af va}v egjr' Ohg feas gev ~a`qjhva pmhv bs hgf pmhv bs gevsc~btvq~a'

X'80" Pmhv h~a vma egjr Ejf Vasvhoagv neels gev xqevaf i~eo5H'80" A{~h* Gamaobhm* Asva~* Accjasbhsvas* hgf Seg` ei Sejeoeg' Mepaya~* vmbs gev hg

h~`qoagv h`hbgsv chgegbcbvr hs vmasa pa~a hvvhcmaf ve cejjacvbegs hs h pmeja pmbcm

pa~a hclgepjafàf nr Kasqs'

X'8=" Pmhv bs hgevma~ ghoa ie~ vma Man~ap Nbnja hgf mep ohgr neels feas bv cegvhbg5

H'8=" Vma Vhgql cegvhbgbg` 31 neels'

X'82" Pmhv phs vma ib~sv cmq~cm ceqgcbj ve hclgepjafà hjj >0 neels ei vma GapVasvhoagv5

H'82" Ch~vmhà bg 320HF ~hvbibaf vma jbsv t~efqcaf hv vma srgef ei Mbtte bg 323 HF'

X'>4" Ihbjq~a ve fasv~er vma Nbnja bs h vasvboegr bg bvsaji ve UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU'

H'>4" T~asa~yhvbeg hgf bgfasv~qcvbnbjbvr'

The Genuineness, Credibility, And Canonicity of the Bible

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