The Evolutionary History of Biodiversity Concept 2: Analyzing the diversity of bacteria, archaea,...
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![Page 1: The Evolutionary History of Biodiversity Concept 2: Analyzing the diversity of bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi (Ch 26, 27, 28, 31)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef45503460f94c07f02/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Evolutionary History of Biodiversity
Concept 2: Analyzing the diversity of bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi
(Ch 26, 27, 28, 31)
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Bacteria and ArchaeaYou must know:
o The key ways in which prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes with respect to genome, membrane-bound organelles, size, and reproduction.
o Mechanisms that contribute to genetic diversity in prokaryotes, including transformation, conjugation, transduction, and mutation.
Refer to pg 174-176 in Holtzclaw, Ch 27 in Campbell and media resources
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The ProkaryoteCell Wall contains peptidoglycans-Gram-positive (simple)-Gram-negative (complex)
…or cilia
…plus circular plasmids
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Try This! Prokaryotes verses Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Genome
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Size
Reproduction
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Try This! Prokaryotes verses Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Genome DNA is circular, with additional circular plasmids
DNA is not circular and associated with many proteins
Membrane-Bound Organelles
No true nuclei or internal compartmentalization
Nuclei and membrane-bound organelles such as ER, Golgi, etc
Size 1-5 µm 10-50 µm
Reproduction Asexual: Binary fission
Sexual or asexual
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The Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea The size of things Flagella
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The Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea What is the difference between these two
domains? Refer to p. 173 Holtzclaw
“A Comparison of the three domains of Life”
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The Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea What is the difference? “A Comparison of the three domains of Life”
Characteristic Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Nuclear Envelope
Membrane-enclosed Organelles
Introns
Histone proteins associated with DNA
Circular Chromosome
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The Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea What is the difference? “A Comparison of the three domains of Life”
Characteristic Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Nuclear Envelope
NO NO YES
Membrane-enclosed Organelles
NO NO YES
Introns NO YES YES
Histone proteins associated with DNA
NO YES YES
Circular Chromosome
YES YES NO
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Genetic Diversity in Prokaryotes Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission Need mechanisms to contribute to genetic
diversity WHY?
Mechanisms for Genetic Diversity Mutation (with rapid reproduction) Transformation Conjugation Transduction
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Mutation (with Rapid Reproduction)
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Transformation
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Conjugation
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Transduction Viruses
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Metabolic Diversity Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemioheterotrophs
Obligate aerobes Obligate anaerobes Facultative anaerobes
Nitrogen Fixation
Extremophiles Extreme halophiles Extreme thermophiles
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AP Themes Chemical Recycling – Decomposers Ecological Interactions – Symbiosis
Mutualism Bioremediation Your intestinal bacteria Production of cheese, etc Deep-sea vents
Commensalism Parasitism
Pathogenic Antibiotics
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Let’s Investigate!