The Evidence Base in Career Guidance

Tristram Hooley, Presentation to DfE and Careers Company 25th March 2015

The evidence base in school based career guidance

The evidence base in school based career guidance

http://www.derby.ac.uk/education

www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs

What I’m going to cover

What is school-based career guidance?

The key players

What does it look like when it is done well?

Effective employer engagement

Passports and portfolios


OECD definition

Career guidance refers to services and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers…

The activities may take place on an individual or group basis, and may be face-to-face or at a distance (including help lines and web-based services). (OECD, 2004)


Key concepts

• Career information• Career advice/career counselling• Career education• Work-related learning

Also• PSHE• Citizenship• Character


Types of careers support typically provided by schools

• information provision• career assessments and tests• career counselling• careers advice delivered by a non-careers professional• curricular interventions• further study/work-related learning• other extra-curricular interventions• frameworks for reflection


Three ways of thinking about this

• Activity based approach

• Service based approach

• Curriculum/learning based approach


Benefits for schools

• Attainment

• Attendance

• Transition

• Life and career success




The key players





Key players

Effective career support

Employers

Teachers

Careers professionals


Skills of career professionals

• Career development theory• Labour market knowledge• Brokerage• Referral• Counselling skills• Career learning pedagogy• Advocacy • Leadership, co-ordination and collaboration• Service design and evaluation


Teachers roles

Leadership roles

Careers leader Senior leader

Teaching rolesWithin-subject Teaching careers

Tutorial rolesCareer informant Pastoral support


Employers

• Information, inspiration and advice• Providing opportunities to experience and learn about

work and gain career-related skills• Contributing to careers education activities within schools

such as CV writing workshops, mock interviews and enterprise programmes.

• Providing young people with contacts within the world of work that may be useful in their career development (social capital).


But…

• This is not core business for them. They have organisations/businesses to run and jobs to do.

• Their knowledge of the world is rich, but is confined predominantly to their own area of work and industry sector, and thus has an inherent partiality.

• Employers have limited knowledge of the complex �educational choices facing young people.

• Employers are unlikely to have in-depth conversations with individual students about the students’ own strengths and interests.




The key players





Good career guidance (Gatsby)

• A stable careers programme• Learning from career and labour market information• Addressing the needs of each pupil• Linking curriculum learning to careers• Encounters with employers and employees• Experienced of workplaces• Encounters with further and higher education• Personal guidance

Activities and resources

Advice and guidance

Curriculum

Careers co-ordinator

Senior leader buy-in

School vision

Good career guidance

Involvement of employers and post-secondary learning providers in the education system

Professional infrastructure for careers workers

Local brokerage and partnership organisations High quality LMI

and resources

Quality and evaluation




The key players





The evidence for employer engagement

Strong evidence for the value of employer engagement in schools:• improved pupil motivation • improved contextualisation of learning• improved attainment• smoother transitions• reduction in the proportion of young people who become

NEET


How it works

Schools Business

Brokerage


Schools’ interests

• Providing opportunities for young people• Improving destinations• Meeting expectations for career guidance• Curriculum enrichment

But, at present…• Limited drivers and incentives for engaging


Employers’ interests

Solving skills shortages

Recruiting the right people

Developing the workforce

Growing a responsible brand

Employers


Effective brokerage

• Proactive contact• Understand the interests of the organisations being

brokered• Clarify what is required and what will be offered• Interactions should be meaningful and connect to the

wider context of young people’s learning• Employers are a resource, not a service




The key players





Enterprise passport

Lots of examples of this• Progress file• PDP and e-portfolios in HE e.g. Pebble Pad• HEAR• Passportfolio• National Careers Service suite of tools• + Lots of similar initiatives in other countries

Limited success


Challenges with e-portfolios

• Student engagement• Employer awareness and then engagement• Continuity of technology• Transfer from one learning organisation to another• Tensions: recording vs accrediting achievement; reflection

vs communication (to employers)• Competition from social media (do you really need this

when you have Linkedin?)


Useful ideas

• Portfolio building as a digital career literacy skill rather than e-portfolios as a product

• The thin e-portfolio• Where do CVs fit in?• Integration into learning and assessment• Recognising students’ tendency towards strategic, short-

term and instrumental engagement• Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivations for portfolio building


Worth reading

• Andrews, D. (2011) Careers Education in Schools Stafford: Highflyers Publishing

• Bassot, B., Barnes, A., & Chant, A. (2013). A Practical Guide to Career Learning and Development. Abingdon: Routledge.

• Gatsby Charitable Foundation (2014). Good Career Guidance. London: Gatsby.

• BIS (2014) Understanding the link between employers and schools and the role of the National Careers Service, Research Paper 206 This is an authored paper and we should probably include the authors here.

• Hutchinson, J. (2012). Career-related learning and science education. School Science Review, 346: 91-98.

• Hutchinson, J. (2013). School Organisation and STEM Career-related Learning. York: National STEM Centre.

http://derby.openrepository.com/derby/handle/10545/303288


Also worth reading

• Hutchinson, J., & Dickinson, B. (2014). Employers and schools. Local Economy, 29(3): 236-245.

• Mann, A. (2012). Work experience: Impact and delivery - Insights from the evidence. London: Education and Employers Taskforce.

• Mann and Dawkins, 2014b Employer engagement in education: literature review. London: Education and Employers Taskforce.

• Mann, A. and Percy, C. (2013). Employer engagement in British secondary education: wage earning outcomes experienced by young adults. Journal of Education and Work. CD

http://lec.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/03/25/0269094214528158


My work on this subject

• Hooley, T. (2014). The Evidence Base on Lifelong Guidance. Jyväskylä, Finland: European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (ELGPN).

• Hooley, T., Devins, D., Watts, A. G., Hutchinson, J., Marriott, J. and Walton, F. (2012). Tackling Unemployment, Supporting Business and Developing Careers. London: UKCES.

• Hooley, T., Matheson, J. & Watts, A.G. (2014). Advancing Ambitions: The role of career guidance in supporting social mobility. London: Sutton Trust.

• Hooley, T., Marriott, J. and Sampson, J.P. (2011). Fostering College and Career Readiness: How Career Development Activities in Schools Impact on Graduation Rates and Students' Life Success. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby.

• Hooley, T., Marriott, J., Watts, A.G. and Coiffait, L. (2012). Careers 2020: Options for Future Careers Work in English Schools. London: Pearson.

• Hooley, T., Watts, A.G., Andrews, D. (2015). Teachers and Careers: The Role Of School Teachers in Delivering Career and Employability Learning. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby.

http://hdl.handle.net/10545/333587


http://derby.openrepository.com/derby/bitstream/10545/333866/1/Advancing%20Ambitions%20-%206.11.14.pdf




http://derby.openrepository.com/derby/bitstream/10545/346008/1/Teachers%20and%20Careers-final.pdf




Tristram Hooley

Professor of Career Education

International Centre for Guidance Studies

University of Derby

http://www.derby.ac.uk/icegs

[email protected]

@pigironjoe

Blog at

http://adventuresincareerdevelopment.wordpress.com

http://www.derby.ac.uk/icegs

mailto:[email protected]

http://adventuresincareerdevelopment.posterous.com/

The Evidence Base in Career Guidance

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