Career Guidance Report

7/31/2019 Career Guidance Report

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Career GuidanceMarilyn D. Duka

Discussant


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PsychoanalyticRoe Person-environment fit--Holland Early childhood experiences are

DevelopmentalGinzberg & Super related to career choices.

Behavioral/Social Learning Theory Parent-child relationships.

--Krumboltz Emotional concentration

Cognitive Overprotective

Overdemanding

Reardon et al.- - Cognitive Information -Avoidance

Processing (CIP) Self- Efficacy TheoryBandura Neglect

Social Cognitive Career Theory Rejection--Emotional or physical

(SCCT)Sharf Acceptance

Humanistic Loving

Casual

Personal Construct Theory (PCT)

Kelly Likely to choose a work situation that

Holistic/Integrative reflects the psychological climate of home grew up in.

Integrative Life Planning (ILP)- -

Hansen


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Realistic Investigative

Career choices are an expression of personality.

People develop stereotypes or typical

images of occupations.

Judge or decide what people in

occupations are like.

6 basic types of personal orientation

toward workRIASEC.

Realisticphysical activities, things. Conventional Artistic

Investigativethinking, problemsolving, scientific activities.

Artisticfree, unstructured, creative

pursuits.

Socialteaching, helping roles.

Enterprisingpersuade, manage

people to attain goals. Conventionalorderly, systematic

conditions that are directed by others Enterprising Social

in authority.


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Ginzbergcareer dev. as L-T process. Superstages of voc. dev.

3 periods

Expressing your self-concept (how 1. Fantasy (childhood, 0- 11) you think of yourself).

stereotypical rolesnurse, farmer,

fireman, etc. Qualified for many occupations.

2. Tentative (adolescence, 11- 17) 5 stages

Interest stagelikes and dislikes Growth stage

Capacity stagethings you do better Physical and psychological

than other things development and form attitudes and

Value stagewhats important to you behaviors and shape self-concept. Transition stageself-

reliance/awareness of occupations Exploration stage

3. Realistic (adulthood, 17- 20 Explore occupations in school, PT work,

something) and leisure activities.

Exploration stage Establishment stage

Explore college or FT work. Creating permanent placed in

Crystallization stage appropriate field of work.

Declare major or commit to certain Maintenance stage type of work. Continuation in your chosen occupation.

Specification stage

Disengagement stage

Specialize in grad school or specific

job. Work slows down; retirement.


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Supers Career Patterns:

Occupation-stable Stimulus-response behaviorism. Series of jobs in same occupation for

different employers. Four influences on career choice.

Organization-stable 1. Genetic (race, sex, physical

Many occupations within same appearance, handicaps).

company. 2. Environmental (availability of

Conventional jobs).

Trial jobs and then stable employment.

3. Past learning experiences. Double-track

1) Those where you the

Two occupations simultaneously. environment.

Interrupted career

2) Those where you the

Work/no work/return to work environment.

Unstable career

4. Skills and values that you have Alternating trial and unstable jobs with acquired.

no permanent occupation.

Multiple-trial career

Unrelated jobs with no career

2


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Express preferences for Cognitive information processing occupations and based upon (CIP) theory.

our learned responses. Brain takes in, codes, stores, and uses information in solving problems When positively reinforced and making decisions. (recognition, encouragement), Cognitionway you think and process more likely to express a information. preference for it. Your ability as a career problem When negatively or not solver depends on knowledge of

reinforced (low grades, your self and occupations. ridiculed, others unable to find The quality of your vocational life is based on how well you make career work in this area), less likely to decisions and solve career problems; pursue it. you can improve these abilities by improving your CIP skills.


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Cognitive information processing

(CIP) theory. Self-efficacy theory

Focuses on how you make A persons judgments about their

decisions. ability to plan and take courses

5 information- processing skills used. of action required to produce

Ccommunication desired outcomes

Awareness of gap between idea and

current situation. Low self-efficacy might convince

Aanalysis you to avoid enrolling in certain

Information gathered for research. Courses (i.e. math), despite Ssynthesis evidences that you could succeed

Bring together accumulated with effort in those courses.

information about self and

occupations.

Vvaluing An honest appraisal of your

Using best judgment to set priorities on abilities can give you the

remaining options to choose confidence needed to establish a occup./major. Career goal and achieve it.

Eexecution

Taking action and solving the career

problem identified in communication

stage.


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Social cognitive career theory Personal construct theory (PCT)

(SCCT) Humans are scientists examining our

Thinking processes and beliefs ideas about the world (making

control and direct a persons hypotheses and testing them)

activities rather than focusing on through actions (experimenting), and

the behaviors themselves. coming up with discoveries (findings)

that lead us to make conclusions and

3 concepts that affect the career construct concepts (theories) about

the world we live in. decision- making process.

1. Self-efficacy We look at the world and try to make

Can I take this action and complete it sense of it by creating constructs

or enter a certain occupation and (hypotheses or assumptions we use

perform in it successfully? to test ideas) that organize and

2. Outcome expectations structure events, other people, and

If I do this activity, what will happen? the environment.

If you think some activity will end in Our constructs are likely to change failure, youll tend to lose interest in it. as we experience life events

3. Personal goals (marriage, working in various jobs,

Guides that support and maintain a graduating, being laid off, receiving a

given activity over a period of time. job promotion, etc.).

L-T and S-T (subgoals).


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Integrative Life Planning (ILP) No theory is perfect Holistic career-planning model that goes beyond a linear process of choosing a vocation to viewing Which one makes the most work in its relationship to other sense?

roles in life. 6 interactive, critical life tasks. 1. Finding work that needs doing. Which is the most useful? 2. Weaving our lives into a meaningful whole. 3. Connecting family and work. Maybe a combination of each? 4. Valuing pluralism and an inclusive worldview. 5. Managing personal transitions and organizational change. 6. Exploring spirituality and life purpose.


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1. Early Childhood, ( Roe) Anne Roe,The Psychology of Occupations

This theory states that how the original family behaved toward the child (warm orcold) is directly related to how a person chooses a career either person or non-person directed. Such careers as astronomy, engineering, and accounting wouldbe classified as non person directed careers.
http://155.246.2.44/eng/r000027/r026591.htmhttp://155.246.2.44/eng/r000027/r026591.htm


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2. Self-Concept Donald E. Super,Career Development: Self-ConceptTheory. 1963

The self-concept theory hypothesizes how a person, consciously or

unconsciously, defines oneself in terms of self-concept predisposesone to seek that type of career choice.
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3. Personality (Holland) John L. Holland,Making Vocational Choices;ATheory of Careers, Englewood Cliffs, N. J: Prentice, Hall, 1973

I am Joe\Jane College!

Personality theory classifies persons into types: The basic assumption isthat people select a career similar to their type of personality fit.

(Resource "Self-Directed Search"(SDS) Specimen Set, John L. Holland) Realistic

Social

Conventional

Enterprising

Artistic
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4. Chance (Fate) Jack Rettig, Careers, Belmont, California: Fearon &Janus Quercus, 1986 p.4

Many people believe that they have selected their career in a randommanner. Much as winning the lottery they believe that had little tosay about their career choice. Others think their fate is cast in thestars.


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5. Complicated (Ginzberg) Eli Ginzberg and others, Occupational Choice: An approachto a General Theory, New York: Columbia University Press, 1951

1.Choices take place over a 8 to 10 year period.

A fantasy stage occurs between years 10-12. A tentative period occurs between 12-17.A realistic period occurs between 17-20.

2. During these periods a person makes a series of decisions that gradually reduce thenumber of choices left.

3. Every choice ends up being a compromise.

? Explain your

reasoning and which theory best seems to explain your career choice up to the presenttime?

Email: [email protected] Telephone: Campus 253-833-9111 Extension 4307.Off Campus : 253-852-0220 Voice Message/Fax 206-718-2908 Cell 206-930-4197.Copyright 1998 [Robert Brehm]. All rights reserved.
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